Anisotropic flow fluctuations in hydro-inspired freeze-out model for relativistic heavy ion collisions

The LHC data on event-by-event harmonic flow coefficients measured in PbPb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed and interpreted within the HYDJET++ model. To compare the model results with the experimental data the unfolding procedure is employed. The essentially dynamical origin of the flow fluctuations in hydro-inspired freeze-out approach has been established. It is shown that the simple modification of the model via introducing the distribution over spatial anisotropy parameters permits HYDJET++ to reproduce both elliptic and triangular flow fluctuations and related to it eccentricity fluctuations of the initial state at the LHC energy.Comment: 12 pages including 9 figures as EPS-files; prepared using LaTeX package for publication in the European Physical Journal

HYDRO + JETS (HYDJET++) event generator for Pb+Pb collisions at LHC

The Monte Carlo event generator HYDJET++ is one of the few generators, designed for the calculations of heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies, which combine treatment of soft hydro-like processes with the description of jets traversing the hot and dense partonic medium. The model is employed to study the azimuthal anisotropy phenomena, dihadron angular correlations and event-by-event (EbyE) fluctuations of the anisotropic flow in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. The interplay of soft and hard processes describes the violation of the mass hierarchy of meson and baryon elliptic and triangular flows at p_T > 2 GeV/c, the fall-off of the flow harmonics at intermediate transverse momenta, and the worsening of the number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling of elliptic/triangular flow at LHC compared to RHIC energies. The cross-talk of v_2 and v_3 leads to emergence of higher order harmonics in the model and to appearance of the ridge structure in dihadron angular correlations in a broad pseudorapidity range. HYDJET++ possesses also the dynamical EbyE fluctuations of the anisotropic flow. The model results agree well with the experimental data.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, contribution to Proceedings of the Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics 201

Higher harmonics of azimuthal anisotropy in relativistic heavy ion collisions in HYDJET++ model

The LHC data on azimuthal anisotropy harmonics from PbPb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed and interpreted in the framework of the HYDJET++ model. The cross-talk of elliptic $v_2$ and triangular $v_3$ flow in the model generates both even and odd harmonics of higher order. Comparison with the experimental data shows that this mechanism is able to reproduce the $p_{\rm T}$ and centrality dependencies of quadrangular flow $v_4$, and also the basic trends for pentagonal $v_5$ and hexagonal $v_6$ flows.Comment: 12 pages including 13 figures as EPS-files; prepared using LaTeX package for publication in the European Physical Journal

New trophic classification of wood-destroying fungi the case of community of pathogenic polypore fungi types on Pedunculate oak

Based on the generalization of experimental data obtained during the practical study of the trophic specialization of wood-destroying fungi from the commonness of PTH on oak in the oak forests of the south-west of the Central Russian Upland, a new ecotrophic classification has been developed, including the following groups of wood-destroying fungi: biotrophic pathogens, saprotrophic pathogens, pathogenic saprotrophs, non-pathogenic saprotroph

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК НА УРОВНЕ МАГИСТРАТУРЫ - МОДУЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЮ УЧЕБНЫХ ПРОГРАММ

The article represents the investigation connected with the methods of foreign language teachingat the Master’s level. The author holds to the widely accepted opinion that teaching and learning offoreign languages as a part of Master’s curriculum is to meet the requirements of the modern world system of academic mobility. A lecturer of a foreign language masterclass is to make an effective use of the academic hours available. The module approach to the course design at the Master’s level allows a lecturer making effective combination oftraditional and student-centered methods of teaching and learning as the students differ a lot in respect to the level of foreign language fluency. The methods under consideration make it possible to overcome the difficulties connected with the evident discrepancy in graduates’ basic knowledge of a foreign language. The content-related component of foreign language curriculum for Master students is a part of teaching materials of the subject. The author speaks about teachers who apply the module approach and declares they tend to make content-related component and methodic component allow working on the strict rules but keeping the flexible adaptation and individual training at the same time. It is possible to speak about a number of definite methodic factors, corresponding to the graduate modular foreign language program. The structural components of a modular course are aimed at the general and professional competencies indicated in graduatesyllabus.Practical experience in connection with the use of modular course programs allows concluding that a foreign languageteaching as a part of Master’s curriculum responds to the needs of modern educational principles in case it is based upon the principles of modular approach.Статья представляет собойисследование в области методики преподавания иностранных языков на уровне магистерских программуниверситетов и других образовательных учреждений, предоставляющих возможность двухуровневого обучения. По мнению автора,преподавание иностранных языков на уровне магистратуры должно как отвечать требованиямсовременной академической мобильности иосвоению языка в профессиональном аспекте, с одной стороны, так и максимально эффективно использовать относительно небольшой объем учебного времени, отводимый на данную дисциплину. Модульный подход к проектированию учебного процесса на уровне магистратуры позволяет преподавателю прагматично сочетать групповой и индивидуальный подходы к обучающимся, которые, как правило, имеют абсолютно разный уровень базовой подготовки по иностранному языку. Организованная по модульному принципу содержательная часть программы специализированных курсов иностранного языка для магистрантов является частью учебно-методического комплекса дисциплины.Преподаватели, реализующие модульную технологию, стремятся к тому, чтобысодержательный и методический модули позволяли всем участникам образовательного процесса работать по единым правилам, сохраняя при этом возможность гибкой адаптации и индивидуализации обучения.Представляется возможным выделить ряд методических параметров, соответствующих данной образовательной модели. В статье приводится структура модульной рабочей программы по иностранным языкам для магистрантов. Все компоненты модульной учебной программы направлены на формирование компетенций,указанных в учебных планах и учебно-методических комплексах дисциплин. Опыт практической работы показывает, что преподавание иностранных языков как компонент учебного процесса на уровне магистратуры неязыкового вуза целесообразно ориентировать на модульные принципы