Teenagers’ vandalism and the importance of parent-child relationships in addressing it

Vandalism in the urban environment is a common phenomenon but is difficult to evaluate. The scale of damage caused by vandalism is rarely analyzed, and therefore a limited number of scientific works are devoted to the phenomenon of vandal behavior and the identification of its causes. While the role of the family in the formation of deviant behavior is indicated by many researchers, the context of vandalism and the issue of family determination remains open. This article studies the parents’ styles of upbringing and their preparation for teenagers’ vandal behavior. By identifying the degree of influence of the family in the formation of such a destructive form of interaction between teenagers’ and the material environment it is possible to identify a group of teenagers who are ready to commit acts of vandalism. An attempt is made to correlate child-parent relations with teenagers’ motivational readiness to commit acts of vandalism. To study the relationship of child-parent relations and teenagers’ vandal behavior, data was collected (using psycho-diagnostic techniques) from 60 teenagers and their parents from complete and incomplete families, the socially well-off and the socially disadvantaged. The results were processed using descriptive statistics, MANOVA and linear regression analysis. It was found that parental upbringing styles play a decisive role in initiating vandalism, while the educational effects of mother and father have their own specific characteristics. The results can be used in the organization of social support for children from socially disadvantaged families in order to prevent vandalism and its radicalization. © 2018, Kazan Federal University. All rights reserved

Fortification of food with micronutrients: development of methodological and regulatory framework in the Russian Federation

The available scientific literature, domestic and international regulatory codes of normative documents concerning the fortification of various types of food products have been analyzed. The groups of food products of conventional and regular consumption included into the diets of all categories of consumers, recommended for fortification with essential micronutrients, have been determined: wheat and cereal flour (spelt wheat, buckwheat, oat, corn flour, etc.); pastry; milk and dairy products, including ice cream; non-alcoholic soft drinks; mineralized drinking water; fruit and vegetable juices; fat and oil products (vegetable oils, margarines, spreads, mayonnaise); confectionery and sweets (pastry, sugar, chocolate); cereals (breakfast cereals, muesli, ready-to-eat extruded cereals, instant pasta and cereals, mixtures for bakery, flour for sweet pastry); food concentrates (jelly, instant drinks, concentrates of sweet foods, instant food, instant cereal concentrates); table salt. The groups of food products assigned for certain categories of population are used as part of therapeutic diets for patients with various diseases (metabolic disorder syndrome, cardio-vascular system pathology with atherosclerotic vascular injury, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal tract diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetic nephropathy, etc.), as well as assigned to reduce the risk of diseases developing, the nutrients are recommended for targeted fortification of certain types of food. Examples of micronutrients fortification of sausages and minced meat semifinished products are given below. Requirements for fortification of mass consumption food products and for fortification of foods for special dietary uses are formulated in this article, the amount of fortifying components in the various groups of food products are justified, ensuring their efficiency for improving the micronutrient status and safety of its consumption. Based on the analysis of the available scientific literature, domestic and international regulatory framework of normative documents on fortification of various types of food products, recommendations have been developed for fortification of food with micronutrients

Sea buckthorn cultivars promising for mechanized harvesting by cutting fruit-bearing branches

Background. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is the main berry crop in the horticultural production of Altai Territory and occupies the largest growing area among berries in Russia. Meanwhile, further expansion of commercial plantations is limited by known bottlenecks in harvesting. In this context, new technological solutions in harvest mechanization are considered one of the primary tasks. A promising way is the cutting of fruit-bearing branches. At the same time, the development of cultivars suitable for such harvesting technique is very important.Materials and methods. Thirteen cultivars and selected forms of sea buckthorn developed at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies were taken as research material. To evaluate the productivity of top branches, three of them with a length of 70–100 cm were cut from the plants of each accession. Fruit detachment force was assessed using a Dina-2 device. Dispersion analysis was applied for statistical interpretation.Results. Productivity of top branches as well as agronomic and biological characteristics of sea buckthorn fruits were studied. Accessions 87-93-1, 111-05-3 and 378-06-1 were identified for high productivity of their top branches and for predomination of the generative part over the vegetative one. The highest number of berries per bud (5.4–5.9 pieces) was observed in accessions 87-93-4, 32-01-1, 378-06-1 and 111-05-3. Cv. ‘Afina’ demonstrated for its high level of vegetative and generative productivity. Selected forms 111-05-3, 32-01-1 and 4-93-11 with low fruit detachment force (136.8–155.1 g) are promising for shaking without prior freezing.Conclusion. Selected forms 111-05-3, 378-06-1 and 32-01-1 were recognized as most promising for harvesting by branch cutting

Soviet Recreation Park as a Project of the 1930s: Metropolitan Patterns and Provincial Practices

Статья посвящена восстановлению логики формирования сети парков культуры и отдыха в Советском Союзе и выявлению реальных условий существования провинциальных парков. Выделены ключевые черты проектов парков, показана динамика их развития. На материале протоколов общих собраний в парторганизации ЦПКиО им. В. Маяковского (г. Свердловск), которые авторы впервые вводят в научный оборот, раскрыты и описаны трудности первых лет работы парков, а именно отсутствие квалифицированного персонала, постоянные трансформации проектов парка и недостаток финансирования. Сделан вывод, что на таком проблемном фоне первоочередной задачей администрации парков являлась организация нормального функционирования, а задачи идеологической обработки посетителей с целью формирования нового советского человека на данном этапе не ставились.The article is devoted to the restoration of the logic of the formation of a network of recreation parks in the Soviet Union and the identification of the real conditions of existence of provincial parks. The key features of park projects are highlighted, the dynamics of their development is shown. The authors for the first time introduce into scientific circulation the minutes of general meetings in the party organization of the Central recreation park named after V. Mayakovsky (Sverdlovsk). The difficulties of the first years of the parks are disclosed and described on the material of these minutes, namely: the lack of qualified personnel, constant transformations of the parks project and lack of funding. It is concluded that due to such serious problems, the main task of the park administration was to organize normal functioning. The tasks of ideological influence on visitors in order to form a new Soviet person were not set at this stage.Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта РФФИ, проект № 20-411-660005 «Специфика конструирования гражданственности в 1920–2010-х гг. на материале публичных парковых пространств г. Свердловска/Екатеринбурга».The study was funded by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-411-660005 “The Specifics of the Construction of Citizenship in the 1920s–2010s. based on the material of public park spaces in Sverdlovsk/Yekaterinburg”

Pedagogical conditions of college students’ core competencies formation in the process of foreign languages learning

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The relevance of the problems stated in the article is conditioned by the fact that with the expansion of international economic relations and the increasing number of joint ventures and companies, there is an urgent need for specialists capable of intercultural communication for the implementation of the business contacts and contracts, the conclusion of economic agreements with foreign partners, cooperating with enterprises of different countries. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying and studying of the pedagogical conditions of college students’ core competencies formation in the process of foreign languages learning. The article clarifies the composition of core competencies in college students’ foreign languages learning; identifies a set of criteria for selection of the content of discipline “foreign language;” reveals the effectiveness of pedagogical technologies of college students’ core competencies formation in the foreign languages learning; provides quality monitoring technology of college students’ core competencies formation in the process of foreign languages learning

STRESS FACTORS OF THE URBAN DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT: PERSONAL DETERMINANTS OF SENSITIVITY

The purpose of the study was to assess the role of students’ personal characteristics, which determine a subjectively more acute reaction to the stress factors of the digital urban environment. The study involved 18 people. The most significant stress factors are threats to the safety and confidentiality of respondents, and the most acute reaction to the stress factors of the digital urban environment is provoked by increased anxiety, softness and psychopathy of young residents of the city.Целью проведенного исследования стала оценка роли личностных характеристик студентов, детерминирующих субъективно более острую реакцию на стресс-факторы цифровой городской среды. В исследовании приняло участие 518 человек. Наиболее значимым стрессфакторами являются угрозы для безопасности и конфиденциальности респондентов, а наиболее острую реакцию на стресс-факторы цифровой среды города провоцируют повышенная тревожность, мягкость и психопатия молодых жителей города.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 20-013-00830 «Реальное и виртуальное пространство мегаполиса: стресс и девиации поведения городской молодежи»

Удовлетворенность качеством медицинской помощи: «всем не угодишь» или «пациент всегда прав»?

Patients’ evaluation of medical care is becoming more and more important due to expanding patient-centered care. For this purpose a complex index of patient satisfaction with healthcare is used. This parameter reflects the correspondence of actual healthcare services to patient’s expectations that were formed under the influence of cultural, social, economic factors, and personal experience of each patient. Satisfaction is a subjective parameter, thus, a grade of satisfaction is barely connected with quality of healthcare services itself. Moreover, medical organizations should always take into account specific features of each patient, since they can have an influence on customer attitude to medical services.This article comprises the review of publications studying determinants of patient satisfaction. In the course of the study, we analyzed data received by research teams from different countries.According to the review, we made some conclusions. First, determinants of patient satisfaction with healthcare can be divided in two groups. The first group of factors includes patients’ characteristics such as age, gender, ethnical and cultural features. However, researches from different countries revealed that there is a difference in the importance of factors belonging to this group and their influence on satisfaction of certain patient cohorts. The second group includes factors that belong to the process of healthcare services delivery and its organization. Moreover, it was found that patient satisfaction level is changing in a waveform. Thus, medical organization should not only try to increase patient satisfaction level but also maintain it. AS a result, it necessary to monitor patient satisfaction with healthcare services. That is why there is a distinct need for the development of a new tool or adaptation of existing instrument of satisfaction measurement, which would be unitized for all medical organizations in the Russian Federation В рамках реализации концепции пациент-ориентированного здравоохранения все большее значение приобретает оценка качества услуг медицинских организации с позиции пациента. С этой целью используется комплексный показатель удовлетворенности пациентов качеством медицинской помощи, который отражает степень соответствия реальных условий оказания медицинской помощи ожиданиям пациента, сформированным под влиянием социокультурных, экономических факторов, а также личного опыта каждого потребителя медицинских услуг. Показатель удовлетворенности является субъективным, при этом степень удовлетворенности не связана непосредственно с качеством медицинской помощи. Кроме того, необходимо всегда учитывать особенности пациента, его социально-культурный и экономический статус, которые могут оказывать влияние на отношение потребителя к полученным услугам.В данной статье был проведен обзор публикаций, посвященных вопросу факторов, оказывающих влияние на уровень удовлетворенности населения медицинской помощью. В ходе работы были проанализированы данные научных коллективов разных стран с участием различных групп населения.На основании обзора был сделан ряд выводов о том, что факторы, определяющие удовлетворенность пациентов, могут быть разделены на две группы. В первую группу входят факторы, являющиеся характеристиками непосредственно пациентов, такие как пол, возраст, этнические и культурные особенности. При этом исследователи в разных странах выявляют различную значимость факторов данной группы для конкретных групп населения и медицинских организаций. Вторую группу составляют факторы, относящиеся к процессу оказания медицинской помощи, ее организации и образуют группу модифицируемых факторов. Кроме того, отмечено, что изменение удовлетворенности пациентов носит волнообразный характер с подъемами и спадами, по этой причине целесообразно проводить политику поддержания определенного уровня удовлетворенности наравне с его увеличением. С этой целью необходимо осуществлять мониторинг уровня удовлетворенности пациентов, для чего требуется разработка нового или адаптация существующего опросника по оценке удовлетворенности, который был бы унифицированным для всех медицинских организаций Российской Федерации.

Рекомендации по оказанию паллиативной помощи при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе

This article is a critical review of palliative care for ALS patients in Russia. The authors summarize the principal European guidelines, analyze local practice guidelines regarding palliative care, present their experience in ALS patients care in a multidisciplinary team (projectof the Orthodox service "Miloserdie"). Аuthors describe the main approaches for ALS symptom management available in Russia (including swallowing difficulties, breathlessness, pain, difficulties in communication).В настоящей статье представлен критический взгляд на проблему оказания паллиативной помощи пациентам с боковым амиотрофическим склерозом (БАС) в России. Авторы обобщили основные Европейские рекомендации, проанализировали нормативные документы, регламентирующие оказание паллиативной помощи, представили свой опыт работы с больными БАС, основанный на деятельности мультидисциплинарной службы помощи больным БАС в рамках проекта Православной службы «Милосердие». Также описаны основные подходы к коррекции симптомов БАС, включая нарушения глотания, одышку, боль, сложности в коммуникации

A critical appraisal of appendage disparity and homology in fishes

Fishes are both extremely diverse and morphologically disparate. Part of this disparity can be observed in the numerous possible fin configurations that may differ in terms of the number of fins as well as fin shapes, sizes and relative positions on the body. Here, we thoroughly review the major patterns of disparity in fin configurations for each major group of fishes and discuss how median and paired fin homologies have been interpreted over time. When taking into account the entire span of fish diversity, including both extant and fossil taxa, the disparity in fin morphologies greatly complicates inferring homologies for individual fins. Given the phylogenetic scope of this review, structural and topological criteria appear to be the most useful indicators of fin identity. We further suggest that it may be advantageous to consider some of these fin homologies as nested within the larger framework of homologous fin‐forming morphogenetic fields. We also discuss scenarios of appendage evolution and suggest that modularity may have played a key role in appendage disparification. Fin modules re‐expressed within the boundaries of fin‐forming fields could explain how some fins may have evolved numerous times independently in separate lineages (e.g., adipose fin), or how new fins may have evolved over time (e.g., anterior and posterior dorsal fins, pectoral and pelvic fins). We favour an evolutionary scenario whereby median appendages appeared from a unique field of competence first positioned throughout the dorsal and ventral midlines, which was then redeployed laterally leading to paired appendages.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151971/1/faf12402_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151971/2/faf12402.pd