Labour relations in research of socio-economic systems

The article is concerned with the study of the theoretical and methodological patterns of the genesis of labour relations during evolution of socio-economic systems. The approach developed by the authors makes it possible to single out the basic blocks of the labour relations system, considering the actors and objects of the relations. Adopted as a basis, such an approach makes it possible to describe the labour relations of any economic system. The allocation of mandatory elements (objects) and subjects in the structure of labour relations makes it possible to disclose the content of the category “labour relations”. The relevance of theoretical studies of the characteristics of the economy at a substantial level, the increased interest in the methodology and theory of economic knowledge is due to the inconsistency and alternativeness of the current stage of development of the world economy and global society. For Russian society, such studies are determined by the exceptional complexity of transformation processes and the prospects for its evolution.peer-reviewe

Sea buckthorn cultivars promising for mechanized harvesting by cutting fruit-bearing branches

Background. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is the main berry crop in the horticultural production of Altai Territory and occupies the largest growing area among berries in Russia. Meanwhile, further expansion of commercial plantations is limited by known bottlenecks in harvesting. In this context, new technological solutions in harvest mechanization are considered one of the primary tasks. A promising way is the cutting of fruit-bearing branches. At the same time, the development of cultivars suitable for such harvesting technique is very important.Materials and methods. Thirteen cultivars and selected forms of sea buckthorn developed at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies were taken as research material. To evaluate the productivity of top branches, three of them with a length of 70–100 cm were cut from the plants of each accession. Fruit detachment force was assessed using a Dina-2 device. Dispersion analysis was applied for statistical interpretation.Results. Productivity of top branches as well as agronomic and biological characteristics of sea buckthorn fruits were studied. Accessions 87-93-1, 111-05-3 and 378-06-1 were identified for high productivity of their top branches and for predomination of the generative part over the vegetative one. The highest number of berries per bud (5.4–5.9 pieces) was observed in accessions 87-93-4, 32-01-1, 378-06-1 and 111-05-3. Cv. ‘Afina’ demonstrated for its high level of vegetative and generative productivity. Selected forms 111-05-3, 32-01-1 and 4-93-11 with low fruit detachment force (136.8–155.1 g) are promising for shaking without prior freezing.Conclusion. Selected forms 111-05-3, 378-06-1 and 32-01-1 were recognized as most promising for harvesting by branch cutting

Keck Interferometer Nuller Data Reduction and On-Sky Performance

We describe the Keck Interferometer nuller theory of operation, data reduction, and on-sky performance, particularly as it applies to the nuller exozodiacal dust key science program that was carried out between 2008 February and 2009 January. We review the nuller implementation, including the detailed phasor processing involved in implementing the null-peak mode used for science data and the sequencing used for science observing. We then describe the Level 1 reduction to convert the instrument telemetry streams to raw null leakages, and the Level 2 reduction to provide calibrated null leakages. The Level 1 reduction uses conservative, primarily linear processing, implemented consistently for science and calibrator stars. The Level 2 processing is more flexible, and uses diameters for the calibrator stars measured contemporaneously with the interferometer’s K-band cophasing system in order to provide the requisite accuracy. Using the key science data set of 462 total scans, we assess the instrument performance for sensitivity and systematic error. At 2.0 Jy we achieve a photometrically-limited null leakage uncertainty of 0.25% rms per 10 minutes of integration time in our broadband channel. From analysis of the Level 2 reductions, we estimate a systematic noise floor for bright stars of ~0.2% rms null leakage uncertainty per observing cluster in the broadband channel. A similar analysis is performed for the narrowband channels. We also provide additional information needed for science reduction, including details on the instrument beam pattern and the basic astrophysical response of the system, and references to the data reduction and modeling tools

Формирование клиентоориентированного подхода к бизнесу: концептуальная модель

This paper focuses on the customer orientation and considers an evolution of this notion, its modern interpretation, and conceptual model of customer-centric business approach. The main goal is to identify and classify the attributes of customer-centric approach. The subject of our study is a customer-centric approach, and the objects are attributes of this approach. As a research method, we use a meta-analysis of academic papers addressing customer orientation and related concepts. The model developed contains a combination of three types of customer centricity attributes and metrics of business performance of customercentric companies. This model forms the basis for further study of customer-centric approach peculiarities in different industries, and for the evaluation of the impact of customer-centricity level on business performance.Статья посвящена изучению клиентоориентированности и включает рассмотрение эволюции этого понятия, его современного понимания, а также построение концептуальной модели клиентоориентированного подхода к бизнесу. Целью данного исследования является выявление и классификация признаков такого подхода. Предметом выступает клиентоориентированный подход к бизнесу, а объектом - признаки клиентоориентированности. В качестве метода исследования использован метаанализ академических работ по репрезентативной выборке академических публикаций, посвященных клиентоориентированности и смежным понятиям. Разработанная модель клиентоориентированного подхода к бизнесу содержит три блока признаков клиентоориентированности и показатели результативности клиентоориентированных компаний. Представленная модель формирует основу для дальнейшего изучения специфики этого подхода, присущего компаниям из разных отраслей, а также для оценки влияния уровня клиентоориентированности на результативность бизнеса

The dusty AGB star RS CrB: first mid-infrared interferometric observations with the Keck Telescopes

We report interferometric observations of the semi-regular variable star RS CrB, a red giant with strong silicate emission features. The data were among the first long baseline mid-infrared stellar fringes obtained between the Keck telescopes, using parts of the new nulling beam combiner. The light was dispersed by a low-resolution spectrometer, allowing simultaneous measurement of the source visibility and intensity spectra from 8 to 12 microns. The interferometric observations allow a non-ambiguous determination of the dust shell spatial scale and relative flux contribution. Using a simple spherically-symmetric model, in which a geometrically thin shell surrounds the stellar photosphere, we find that ~30% to ~70% of the overall mid-infrared flux - depending on the wavelength - originates from 7-8 stellar radii. The derived shell opacity profile shows a broad peak around 11 microns (tau ~ 0.06), characteristic of Mg-rich silicate dust particles.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

HP1 Recruits Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein to H3K9me3 Marked Pericentromeric Heterochromatin for Silencing of Major Satellite Repeats

H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) is a histone posttranslational modification (PTM) that has emerged as hallmark of pericentromeric heterochromatin. This constitutive chromatin domain is composed of repetitive DNA elements, whose transcription is differentially regulated. Mammalian cells contain three HP1 proteins, HP1α, HP1β and HP1γ These have been shown to bind to H3K9me3 and are thought to mediate the effects of this histone PTM. However, the mechanisms of HP1 chromatin regulation and the exact functional role at pericentromeric heterochromatin are still unclear. Here, we identify activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) as an H3K9me3 associated factor. We show that ADNP does not bind H3K9me3 directly, but that interaction is mediated by all three HP1 isoforms in vitro. However, in cells ADNP localization to areas of pericentromeric heterochromatin is only dependent on HP1α and HP1β. Besides a PGVLL sequence patch we uncovered an ARKS motif within the ADNP homeodomain involved in HP1 dependent H3K9me3 association and localization to pericentromeric heterochromatin. While knockdown of ADNP had no effect on HP1 distribution and heterochromatic histone and DNA modifications, we found ADNP silencing major satellite repeats. Our results identify a novel factor in the translation of H3K9me3 at pericentromeric heterochromatin that regulates transcription

Management of MDR-TB in HIV co-infected patients in Eastern Europe: Results from the TB:HIV study

Objectives Mortality among HIV patients with tuberculosis (TB) remains high in Eastern Europe (EE), but details of TB and HIV management remain scarce. Methods In this prospective study, we describe the TB treatment regimens of patients with multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results A total of 105 HIV-positive patients had MDR-TB (including 33 with extensive drug resistance) and 130 pan-susceptible TB. Adequate initial TB treatment was provided for 8% of patients with MDR-TB compared with 80% of those with pan-susceptible TB. By twelve months, an estimated 57.3% (95%CI 41.5\u201374.1) of MDR-TB patients had started adequate treatment. While 67% received ART, HIV-RNA suppression was demonstrated in only 23%. Conclusions Our results show that internationally recommended MDR-TB treatment regimens were infrequently used and that ART use and viral suppression was well below the target of 90%, reflecting the challenging patient population and the environment in which health care is provided. Urgent improvement of management of patients with TB/HIV in EE, in particular for those with MDR-TB, is needed and includes widespread access to rapid TB diagnostics, better access to and use of second-line TB drugs, timely ART initiation with viral load monitoring, and integration of TB/HIV care

Strains of the halophilic species Rhodobium marinum that inhabit freshwater hot springs

Two strains of budding purple bacteria. Rhodobium sp. KR-36m and KR-54m, were isolated from freshwater sulfur-rich hot springs (Kunashire Island, the Kurils) and found to belong to facultative halophiles with a salinity optimum of 1-3%. By most of phenotypic criteria, these bacteria were close to the seawater species Rbi. marinum. They oxidized sulfide to sulfur in the course of photosynthesis, and were in this respect similar to Rbi. marinum: although Rbi. marinum had been described as oxidizing sulfide to sulfur and thiosulfate, the type strain Rbi. marinum DSM 2698 used in this work was found to oxidize sulfide only to sulfur. Based on phenotypic features and data on DNA-DNA homology, strains KR-36m and KR-54m were assigned to the species Rbi. marinum. Accordingly, the diagnosis of this species should be revised as follows: (I) Rbi. marinum oxidizes sulfide to sulfur in the process of photosynthesis, (2) requires thiamine and p-aminobenzoate, (3) and can inhabit freshwater environments, specifically, freshwater sulfur-rich hot springs

Trendy w rozwoju ekonomicznego potencjału przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych sektora rolno-przemysłowego

The purpose of research is a systematic approach to the analysis of the formation of the economic potential of the processing enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex from the standpoint of "resources, maximize opportunities, and evaluation of results". The theoretical bases of formation of the economic potential of agribusiness processing companies, including: clarification of the concept of "economic potential of processing enter prises of agriculture" as a set of maximum capacity of enterprises, due to the means at their disposal resources for efficient production, goods, works and services to meet the needs of the market, taking into account factors internal and external environment. Unlike existing, this approach includes not only the capabilities and resources, but also a concrete result, which requires a systematic approach to its evaluation; identification of features of formation of the economic potential of the processing of agricultural enterprises in general, and its structural elements: resource and service. The proposed approach makes it possible to apply the system of science-based criteria and evaluation of the economic potential of indices as a separate enterprise, and in general the processing agribusiness industries.Celem badań było przeprowadzenie systemowej analizy formowania potencjału ekonomicznego przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych sektora rolno-przemysłowego pod kątem: zasobów, maksymalnych możliwości, rezultatów i oceny. Opracowano teoretyczne podstawy formowania potencjału ekonomicznego przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych sektora rolno-przemysłowego, włączające: uściślone pojęcie „ekonomiczny potencjał przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych sektora rolno-przemysłowego” jako połączenie maksymalnych możliwości przedsiębiorstwa, uwarunkowanych posiadanymi w swej dystrybucji zasobami do efektywnego przebiegu produkcji, towarów, zasobów pracowniczych, usług w celu zapewnienia potrzeb rynku z uwzględnieniem czynników wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego środowiska. W odróżnieniu od istniejących scharakteryzowane podejście uwzględnia nie tylko możliwości i zasoby, ale i konkretny rezultat, co wymaga zastosowania systemowego podejścia do jego oceny, wykazanie osobliwości formowania potencjału ekonomicznego przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych, zwłaszcza sektora rolno-przemysłowego, i ich strukturalnych elementów: zasobów materiałowych i pracowniczych. Zaprezentowane podejście pozwala wykorzystać naukowo uzasadnione kryteria i wskaźniki do oceny potencjału ekonomicznego, zarówno w odniesieniu do pojedynczych przedsiębiorstw, jak również dla całości przedsiębiorstw przetwórczych kompleksu rolno-przemysłowego