Diaqua­bis(2-chloro­benzoato-κO)bis­(N,N-diethyl­nicotinamide-κN 1)manganese(II)

In the monomeric title complex, [Mn(C7H4ClO2)2(C10H14N2O)2(H2O)2], the MnII atom is located on a crystallographic centre of inversion. The asymmetric unit contains one 2-chloro­benzoate (CB) ligand, one diethyl­nicotinamide (DENA) ligand and one coordinated water mol­ecule, all ligands being monodentate. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the Mn atom form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination is completed by the two pyridine N atoms of the DENA ligands in the axial positions. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl group and the adjacent benzene ring is 77.9 (11)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 45.94 (5)°. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite chains

Available bit rate traffic engineering in MPLS networks with flow-based multipath routing

In this paper, we propose a novel traffic engineering architecture for IP networks with MPLS backbones. In this architecture, two link-disjoint label switched paths, namely the primary and secondary paths, are established among every pair of IP routers located at the edges of an MPLS backbone network. As the main building block of this architecture, we propose that primary paths are given higher priority against the secondary paths in the MPLS data plane to cope with the so-called knock-on effect. Inspired by the ABR flow control mechanism in ATM networks, we propose to split traffic between a source-destination pair between the primary and secondary paths using explicit rate feedback from the network. Taking into consideration the performance deteriorating impact of packet reordering in packet-based load balancing schemes, we propose a traffic splitting mechanism that operates on a per-flow basis (i.e., flow-based multipath routing). We show via an extensive simulation study that using flow-based multipath traffic engineering with explicit rate feedback not only provides consistently better throughput than that of a single path but is also void of out-of-order packet delivery

Supramolecular Gag-Like Self-Assembled Glycopeptide Nanofibers Induce Chondrogenesis and Cartilage Regeneration

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and glycoproteins are vital components of the extracellular matrix, directing cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration and tissue homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate supramolecular GAG-like glycopeptide nanofibers mimicking bioactive functions of natural hyaluronic acid molecules. Self-assembly of the glycopeptide amphiphile molecules enable organization of glucose residues in close proximity on a nanoscale structure forming a supramolecular GAG-like system. Our in vitro culture results indicated that the glycopeptide nanofibers are recognized through CD44 receptors, and promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. We analyzed the bioactivity of GAG-like glycopeptide nanofibers in chondrogenic differentiation and injury models because hyaluronic acid is a major component of articular cartilage. Capacity of glycopeptide nanofibers on in vivo cartilage regeneration was demonstrated in microfracture treated osteochondral defect healing. The glycopeptide nanofibers act as a cell-instructive synthetic counterpart of hyaluronic acid, and they can be used in stem cell-based cartilage regeneration therapies

1, 1',3,3'-tetraalkyl-2,2'-biperimidinylidenes: Unexpected substituent effects on the reactivity of carbon-carbon double bond

C2 deprotonation of 1, 3-dibutylperimidinium bromide (1a) with sodium hydride and a catalytic amount of potassium tert-butoxide in dry THF led to the formation of the exceptionally inert tetraaminoalkene 2a. In contrast, isostructural tetrakis(2-methoxyethyl)-tetraaminoalkene (2b) instantaneously reacted with O2 to yield urea 3b, and silver nitrate was readily reduced with 2b to form a silver mirror. Compound 2a has been characterized by X-ray diffraction studies; the naphtho-pyrimidine skeleton imposes structural constraints and some rigidity to the C=C bonding. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

2-Hydroxy­Imino-1-Phenyl­Ethanone Thio­Semicarbazone Monohydrate

In the title thio­semicarbazone derivative, C9H10N4OS·H2O, intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds result in the formation of two nearly coplanar five- and six-membered rings, which are also almost coplanar with the adjacent phenyl ring. The oxime group has an E configuration and is involved in inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding as a donor. In the crystal structure, intra­molecular O—H⋯S and N—H⋯N and inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds generate edge-fused R 2 2(8) and R 4 1(11) ring motifs. The hydrogen-bonded motifs are linked to each other to form a three-dimensional supra­molecular network.PubMedWoSScopu

4-(4-Methoxybenzoyl)-5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2,3-Dihydro-2,3-Furandione

The title compound, C19H14O6, is a derivative of 2,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydrofuran. The furan ring is essentially planar and the phenyl rings in the methoxyphenyl and methoxybenzoyl groups are not parallel to each other. The furan and phenyl rings are not coplanar. In the crystal, there are two weak C-H . . . O-type intermolecular interactions.Wo