142 research outputs found
Atmospheric black carbon and sulfate concentrations in Northeast Greenland
Measurements of equivalent black carbon (EBC) in aerosols at the high Arctic
field site Villum Research Station (VRS) at Station Nord in North Greenland
showed a seasonal variation in EBC concentrations with a maximum in winter
and spring at ground level. Average measured concentrations were about
0.067 ± 0.071 for the winter and 0.011 ± 0.009 for the summer
period. These data were obtained using a multi-angle absorption photometer
(MAAP). A similar seasonal pattern was found for sulfate concentrations with
a maximum level during winter and spring analyzed by ion chromatography.
Here, measured average concentrations were about 0.485 ± 0.397 for the
winter and 0.112 ± 0.072 for the summer period. A correlation between
EBC and sulfate concentrations was observed over the years 2011 to 2013
stating a correlation coefficient of <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.72. This finding gives the
hint that most likely transport of primary emitted BC particles to the Arctic
was accompanied by aging of the aerosols through condensational processes. BC
and sulfate are known to have only partly similar sources with respect to
their transport pathways when reaching the high Arctic. Aging processes may
have led to the formation of secondary inorganic matter and further transport
of BC particles as cloud processing and further washout of particles is less
likely based on the typically observed transport patterns of air masses
arriving at VRS. Additionally, concentrations of EC (elemental carbon) based
on a thermo-optical method were determined and compared to EBC measurements.
EBC measurements were generally higher, but a correlation between EC and EBC
resulted in a correlation coefficient of <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.64.
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Model estimates of the climate forcing due to BC in the Arctic are based on
contributions of long-range transported BC during spring and summer. The
measured concentrations were here compared with model results obtained by the
Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model, DEHM. Good agreement between measured and modeled
concentrations of both EBC/BC and sulfate was observed. Also, the correlation
between BC and sulfate concentrations was confirmed based on the model
results observed over the years 2011 to 2013 stating a correlation
coefficient of <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.74. The dominant source is found to be combustion
of fossil fuel with biomass burning as a minor, albeit significant source
Ação Coletiva Transnacional e o Sucesso na Construção de um Regime Internacional de Proteção da Pessoa Humana: Da Cruz Vermelha ao TPI
Geographies of responsibility
Issues of space, place and politics run deep. There is a long history of the entanglement of the conceptualisation of space and place with the framing of political positions. The injunction to think space relationally is a very general one and, as this collection indicates, can lead in many directions. The particular avenue to be explored in this paper concerns the relationship between identity and responsibility, and the potential georaphies of both
Politics in Spain: A Case of Monitory Democracy
Analysing the current political context in Spain is a major challenge to political theory. Spain is experiencing the accumulation of trends that in recent years have focused the attention of most theorists and political scientists: discrediting of the major parties, falling numbers of party members, disaffection, etc. In parallel, this trend has been accompanied by citizen mobilisations that, since 15 May 2011, are manifest in numerous channels and strategies. The aim of this paper was to analyse the complex Spanish context from the monitory democracy proposal. The results show how in recent years processes of public scrutiny have been consolidated through a range of citizen initiatives. The study offers an in-depth analysis of the main characteristics of the most notable cases and monitoring initiatives, and also reflects on their democratising potential.El análisis del contexto político actual en España es un reto importante para la teoría política. España está experimentando la acumulación de tendencias que en años recientes han centrado la atención de la mayor parte de teóricos y científicos políticos: desacreditación de los principales partidos, caída del número de miembros de los partidos, desafección, etc. Paralelamente, esta tendencia se ha visto acompañada por movilizaciones ciudadanas que, desde el 15 de mayo de 2011, son manifiestas en numerosos canales y estrategias. El objetivo de este documento es analizar el complejo contexto español desde la propuesta de democracia monitorizada. Los resultados muestran que en años recientes se han consolidado los procesos de escrutinio público mediante una serie de iniciativas ciudadanas. El estudio ofrece un análisis en profundidad de las principales características de los casos e iniciativas de monitorización más notables, y reflexiona también sobre su potencial democratizador
Blogging the Virtual: New Geographies of Domination and Resistance In and Beyond Russia
Russia’s accelerating authoritarian turn has not ignored the internet, and in recent years, the Russian state has clamped down on internet activities that diverge from the statist line, employing a variety of strategies to dominate online spaces. Nevertheless, oppositional voices flourish on the Russian internet, taking shape in independent blogs and videos. This paper explores three political bloggers through surveillant and resistance assemblages, making sense of this contestation through an interpretation of the Deleuzian virtual that underscores the emancipatory potential of online activities for producing more egalitarian configurations, but also taking stock of the ways that these technologies have increased domination. Encompassing the blurriness between digital and corporeal spaces, the paper contributes by revealing new geographies of contestation against state strategies to dominate the Russian internet. Overlapping with but not corresponding to Russian territorial boundaries, these dynamics highlight shifting spaces of power and resistance in the increasingly illiberal world
Do Associations Support Authoritarian Rule? Tentative Answers from Algeria, Mozambique, and Vietnam
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