Status of the Instream Flow Issue in Arkansas, 1987

Expansion of Arkansas\u27 population with concurrent increases in the state\u27s domestic, industrial, and agricultural water uses and possible out-of-state diversion are placing substantial demands on the state\u27s water resources. In an attempt to address this growing concern, Act 1051 (1985) of the Arkansas legislature was passed requiring the determination of present and future state water needs. A specific area of this mandate was the quantification of instream flow requirements. Basic instream flow needs are maintenance of the aquatic ecosystem and dependent riparian environment. Flow reservation may compliment other instream uses such as recreation, navigation, water quality, and groundwater recharge. However, offstream uses (e.g. irrigation and industry) may compete for these same flows and often at the most critical time of year. In order to answer questions concerning instream flow requirements, over 40 methods of instream flow determination have been developed, the majority in the semi-arid western United States. These individual procedures may be classified into four major methodologies: (1) discharge, (2) single transect, (3)multiple transect, and (4) regression analysis of historical data. Requirements of these four types vary according to necessary level of expertise, time and effort expended, and monetary outlay. In one year, requests for fish and wildlife instream flow needs for approximately 60 stream reaches throughout Arkansas limited the possible options. Modification and further development of a well-known method is outlined as an initial step in the process of quantifying Arkansas\u27 instream flow needs. Examples are given for some of the major river basins throughout the state

Double Bragg diffraction: A tool for atom optics

The use of retro-reflection in light-pulse atom interferometry under microgravity conditions naturally leads to a double-diffraction scheme. The two pairs of counterpropagating beams induce simultaneously transitions with opposite momentum transfer that, when acting on atoms initially at rest, give rise to symmetric interferometer configurations where the total momentum transfer is automatically doubled and where a number of noise sources and systematic effects cancel out. Here we extend earlier implementations for Raman transitions to the case of Bragg diffraction. In contrast with the single-diffraction case, the existence of additional off-resonant transitions between resonantly connected states precludes the use of the adiabatic elimination technique. Nevertheless, we have been able to obtain analytic results even beyond the deep Bragg regime by employing the so-called "method of averaging," which can be applied to more general situations of this kind. Our results have been validated by comparison to numerical solutions of the basic equations describing the double-diffraction process.Comment: 26 pages, 20 figures; minor changes to match the published versio

Hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals with broad-range blue phases

We report a modular supramolecular approach for the investigation of chirality induction in hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals. An exceptionally broad blue phase with a temperature range of 25 °C was found, which enabled its structural investigation by solid state 19F-NMR studies and allowed us to report order parameters of the blue phase I for the first time

The Assessment and Application of Patient Satisfaction Variables in Marketing a Psychiatric Practice

As the health care industry becomes increasingly more competitive, marketing functions will take on increasingly more importance. At the core of the marketing concept is the pursuit of customer satisfaction, or, for medical services, patient satisfaction. This study reports on the administration of a 33-item patient satisfaction questionnaire to the consumers of services in four outpatient offices of a large, group private psychiatric practice. Data are analyzed descriptively and recommendations are made for improvements of service delivery based on the findings of the survey

Cooling dynamics of a dilute gas of inelastic rods: a many particle simulation

We present results of simulations for a dilute gas of inelastically colliding particles. Collisions are modelled as a stochastic process, which on average decreases the translational energy (cooling), but allows for fluctuations in the transfer of energy to internal vibrations. We show that these fluctuations are strong enough to suppress inelastic collapse. This allows us to study large systems for long times in the truely inelastic regime. During the cooling stage we observe complex cluster dynamics, as large clusters of particles form, collide and merge or dissolve. Typical clusters are found to survive long enough to establish local equilibrium within a cluster, but not among different clusters. We extend the model to include net dissipation of energy by damping of the internal vibrations. Inelatic collapse is avoided also in this case but in contrast to the conservative system the translational energy decays according to the mean field scaling law, E(t)\propto t^{-2}, for asymptotically long times.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, Latex; extended discussion, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

A Tableaux Calculus for Reducing Proof Size

A tableau calculus is proposed, based on a compressed representation of clauses, where literals sharing a similar shape may be merged. The inferences applied on these literals are fused when possible, which reduces the size of the proof. It is shown that the obtained proof procedure is sound, refutationally complete and allows to reduce the size of the tableau by an exponential factor. The approach is compatible with all usual refinements of tableaux.Comment: Technical Repor

A toy model of fractal glioma development under RF electric field treatment

A toy model for glioma treatment by a radio frequency electric field is suggested. This low-intensity, intermediate-frequency alternating electric field is known as the tumor-treating-field (TTF). In the framework of this model the efficiency of this TTF is estimated, and the interplay between the TTF and the migration-proliferation dichotomy of cancer cells is considered. The model is based on a modification of a comb model for cancer cells, where the migration-proliferation dichotomy becomes naturally apparent. Considering glioma cancer as a fractal dielectric composite of cancer cells and normal tissue cells, a new effective mechanism of glioma treatment is suggested in the form of a giant enhancement of the TTF. This leads to the irreversible electroporation that may be an effective non-invasive method of treating brain cancer.Comment: Submitted for publication in European Physical Journal

Training needs for metal tradesmen in Iowa

This study was undertaken to assist area schools and the State Board of Public Instruction by identifying the industrial training needs for semi-skilled and skilled metal tradesmen. One of the problems confronting the administrators of the area community colleges, vocational schools, and high schools in Iowa is that of identifying the industrial training needs of manufacturers and business firms in the state. This need identification is necessary so that students trained in occupational curricula in the area-community colleges and vocational schools, and local high schools will find jobs available in their field of specialization when they graduate. The area schools in Iowa are established to serve the population of two or more counties in the state. These multi-county school districts receive support and direction from the population within their districts. At the time of this writing, all but seven of the ninety-nine counties in the state were included in area school districts. Eleven of the area schools are organized as community colleges while four are vocational schools. More specifically this study attempted to identify: 1. How many new and replacement metal tradesmen should be trained in each merged area and in the state to fill the needs of Iowa manufacturing firms in 1968, 1970, and 1972. 2. How many persons are employed in metalworking trades at the present time. 3. What classes are needed to upgrade metal tradesmen presently employed by Iowa firms. 4. How many replacement workers were employed during the past year in each of the job classifications to be included in this study