Vertybių etikos analizė

1991 m. gruodžio 9 d. Vilniaus universitete L. Anilionytė apgynė filosofijos daktaro disertaciją „Vertybių problema formaliojoje ir materialinėje etikoje“. Mokslinis vadovas – doc. A. Lozuraitis, oficialieji oponentai: prof. B. Genzelis ir dr. J. Balčius. Disertacijoje aptariamos I. Kanto etikos istorinės ir dalykinės prielaidos, laisvės samprata kaip aksiologinio mąstymo principas, nagrinėjamos formaliųjų ir materialiųjų principų, laimės, pareigos, dorovinio poelgio sampratos. Analizuojama M. Schelerio etikos koncepcija: emocionaliojo apriorizmo samprata laikoma pagrindine šios koncepcijos dalimi

Non-equivalent stringency of ethical review in the Baltic States : A sign of a systematic problem in Europe?

We analyse the system of ethical review of human research in the Baltic States by introducing the principle of equivalent stringency of ethical review, that is, research projects imposing equal risks and inconveniences on research participants should be subjected to equally stringent review procedures. We examine several examples of non-equivalence or asymmetry in the system of ethical review of human research: (1) the asymmetry between rather strict regulations of clinical drug trials and relatively weaker regulations of other types of clinical biomedical research and (2) gaps in ethical review in the area of nonbiomedical human research where some sensitive research projects are not reviewed by research ethics committees at all. We conclude that non-equivalent stringency of ethical review is at least partly linked to the differences in scope and binding character of various international legal instruments that have been shaping the system of ethical review in the Baltic States. Therefore, the Baltic example could also serve as an object lesson to other European countries which might be experiencing similar problems.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Regulation of healthcare ethics committees in Europe

In this article, the question is discussed if and how Healthcare Ethics Committees (HECs) should be regulated. The paper consists of two parts. First, authors from eight EC member countries describe the status quo in their respective countries, and give reasons as to the form of regulation they consider most adequate. In the second part, the country reports are analysed. It is suggested that regulation of HECs should be central and weak. Central regulation is argued to be apt to improve HECs’ accountability, relevance and comparability. To facilitate biomedical citizenship and ethical reflection, regulation should at the same time be weak rather than strict. Independence of HECs to deliberate about ethical questions, and to give solicited and unsolicited advice, should be supported and only interfered with by way of exception. One exception is when circumstances become temporary adversarial to ethical deliberation in healthcare institutions. In view of European unification, steps should be taken to develop consistent policies for both Eastern and Western European countries

Investigation on cyclization of ethyl 3-(S-alkylisothioureido)-2-cyano-2-propenoates using three different sources of energy: thermal heating, microwave or ultrasound irradiation

Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŠvietimo akademij

Ethics committees in Croatian healthcare institutions: the first study about their structure, functions and some reflections on the major issues and problems

Objectives: In Croatia, ethics committees are legally required in all healthcare institutions by the Law on the Health Protection. This paper explores for the first time the structure and function of ethics committees in the healthcare institutions in Croatia. ----- Design: Cross-sectional survey of the healthcare institutions (excluding pharmacies and homecare institutions) to identify all ethics committees. ----- Setting: Croatia six years after the implementation of the Law on the Health Protection. ----- Main measurements: Structure and function of ethic committees in the healthcare institutions. ----- Results: 46% of the healthcare institutions in Croatia (excluding pharmacies and homecare institutions) have an ethics committee; 89% of ethics committees have 5 members 3 of whom are from medical professions and 2 come from other fields; 49% of those committees stated that their main function is the analysis of research protocols. Only a small fraction of those ethics committees sent in standing orders, working guidelines or other documents that are connected with their work. ----- Conclusions: Although there are legal provisions for ethics committees in the healthcare institutions in Croatia, there is an evidence of discrepancies between the practice and the “Law on the Health Protection,” suggesting the need for revision of the law. There is a need for creating separate networks of HECs and IRBs in Croatia. In comparison with other countries, the development of ethics committees in Croatia has some similarities with other transitional societies in Europe. Additional research should be undertaken in the work of ethics committees in Croatia in order to understand committees’ group dynamics, attitudes, and knowledge

Synthesis of 2-alkylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitriles

In this work, 2-alkylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitriles and some by-products were synthesized from ethyl (E) -3-ethoxy- and (E)-3-(S-alkylizothioureido)-2-cyano-2-propenoates using thermal, microwave and ultrasound irradiationVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŠvietimo akademij