166 research outputs found
Евразийские элиты: состояние и перспективы развития
В современных геополитических условиях проблематика исследований и выстраивания моделей элитообразования приобретает особую значимость. Со сменой мирового лидерства США расширяются институты нового мирохозяйственного уклада, создаются новые взаимосвязи и международные организации. Глобальная регионализация актуализирует предпосылки региональной кооперации и интеграции на евразийском пространстве, включая процессы развития Евразийской концепции элит.
Евразийство как историко-философская и политическая теория приобретает новые очертания и толкования. Существенно возрастает геополитический и - экономический потенциал стран Евразийского континента, который обосновывает необходимость встраивания этих государств в систему сопряжения глобального и регионального международного сотрудничества, отвечающих объективным потребностям развития внутренних и внешних акторов и элит.
Развивающееся евразийское пространство, в ареале которого формируются ведущие экономики мира как новые культурно-цивилизационные центры
мироздание (Китай, Индия, страны АСЕАН, ШОС, ЕАЭС и др.), затрагивает практически все сферы жизнедеятельности населения планеты, провозглашая принцип четырех свобод - свободы движения товаров, услуг, капитала и рабочей силы.
Совокупность указанных факторов свидетельствует, что интеграционные процессы выступают приоритетными в системе формирования новых моделей элитообразования. В рамках данной проблематики евразийское пространство может рассматривать в различных аспектах, как в узком понимании (Евразийский экономический союз, страны постсоветского пространства и др.), так и в более широком толковании, исходя из ареалов его развития (страны Шанхайской организации сотрудничества, Большое Евразийское партнёрство). Приоритетное внимание в работе уделено вопросам интеграционного развития Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) во взаимосвязи с государствами Содружества Независимых Государств (СНГ) и ШОС
Элиты в современном социальном пространстве
Цель настоящей статьи – исследование базовых основ научно-методического аппарата оценки качества элит, предложенного университетом Санкт-Галлена (Швейцария), и его использование для сравнительных измерений качественного состояния национальных элит Европейского и Евразийского экономического союзов на основе ранжирования, входящих в них государств.
Основными шагами достижения цели являются процессы изучения: элит в современных социальных исследованиях, структурной оценки состояния элит, «барометра» как матрицы создания ценности, сравнительных характеристик элитного качества.
Результаты теоретического анализа подтвердили исследовательский интерес к данной проблеме, которая может рассматриваться как с формально-концептуальных (политических) позиций, так и в условиях фактического формирования многополярного миропорядка (геоэкономического положения). Контуры указанных измерений отличаются историческими процессами, типологией государств и современных элит, являющихся неоднородными и разновеликими, что допускает определенные оценочные условности.
Согласно приоритетным принципам формирования индекса качества элит и политико-экономической оценки воздействия элитного качества на общественное развитие, используется широкая комбинация разновеликих показателей, «доводка» которых осуществляется на основе экспертных оценок участников. Сравнительный анализ позволяет сделать вывод о субъективности и политизации, отдельных наиболее важных показателей. Поэтому предлагаемая методология нуждается в совершенствовании инструментария и использовании дополнительных оценочных компонентов, представленных, например, глобальными рейтингами по уровню процветанию, ВВП на душу населения и др
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in a heart transplant recipient: a case report
The article presents a case report of developing the classic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in a 66-year-old male heart transplant recipient within 5 years after orthotopic heart transplantation. The characteristics of this pathology are discussed
Impact of growing conditions on the gum properties of different genotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)
Galactomannan (gum), a water-soluble polysaccharide, is widely used as a gelling agent in liquids, including in the oil and gas industry for hydraulic fracturing. The most effective source of this valuable plant material is seeds of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), a legume crop new for Russia. Although in recent years progress has been made in the selection of guar varieties adapted to the conditions of the Russian Federation, the question of the most appropriate region for the cultivation of this crop remains open. The purpose of the study was to investigate how a region and technology of guar cultivation can affect the main indicators of the final target product: the content and viscosity of guar gum extracted from the seeds of various guar genotypes. To understand this, ecogeographical tests of 13 guar accessions from the VIR collection were conducted at the experimental stations of the Vavilov Institute (VIR), where climatic conditions correspond to the temperature requirements of the crop. To compare the properties of gum extracted from the seeds of various genotypes, a fast-tracked laboratory method was suggested allowing gum extracts to be obtained for assessing their viscosity. The method allows fast screening of the breeding material and selecting guar genotypes with beneficial properties of guar gum which are in demand by the oil industry. Applying the fast laboratory method for assessing the properties of gum in seeds of 13 guar varieties showed that the content and viscosity of gum of the same variety vary greatly depending on growing conditions. The same set of 13 guar accessions was grown in 2018 at the Volgograd, Astrakhan, Dagestan and Kuban VIR experimental stations. As a result, the maximum viscosity values were obtained for the seeds reproduced at the Astrakhan region, where the guar was grown on irrigated lands. On the other hand, the maximum gum content in the seeds of all accessions was recorded when they were grown in the Volgograd region. The results showed that the guar gum extracted from seeds of guar plants grown in the Russian Federation can be used as a gelling agent in the processes of intensification of oil production by the method of hydraulic fracturing. This experience is new to the Russian Federation
Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves
How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives—self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care—are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 41 countries (N=15,885) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N=11,095) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from 2016 through mid-2019 (32 countries, N=9353; 3537 male, 5574 female; Mage=24.58, SD=8.07). Wave 2 was collected from May through October 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (N=6532; 2194 male, 4165 female; Mage=28.82, SD=11.49). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people’s fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes
Lower Blood Calcium Associates with Unfavorable Prognosis and Predicts for Bone Metastasis in NSCLC
Ionized calcium was involved in various cellular signal pathways,and regulates many cellular processes, including those relevant to tumorigenesis. We hypothesis that imbalance of calcium homeostasis is correlated with development of lung carcinomas. We collected the clinical data of 1084 patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated in Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between calcium levels and clinical characteristics, and COX regression and Kaplan-Meier model were applied to analyze risk factors on overall survival. Blood electrolytes were tested before treatment; and nearly 16% patients with NSCLC were complained with decreased blood calcium, which is more frequent than that in other electrolytes. Further, Multivariate logistic regression analysis disclosed that there were significant correlation between blood calcium decrease and moderate and poor differentiation (P = 0.012, OR = 1.926 (1.203–4.219)), squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.024, OR = 1.968(1.094–3.540)), and bone metastasis (P = 0.032, OR = 0.396(0.235–0.669)). In multivariate COX regression analysis, advanced lymph node stage and decreased blood calcium were significantly and independent, unfavorable prognostic factors (P<0.001). Finally, the Kaplan-Meier Survival curve revealed that blood calcium decrease was associated with shorter survival (Log-rank; χ2 = 26.172,P<0.001). Our finding indicates that lower blood calcium levels are associated with a higher risk of unfavorable prognosis and bone metastasis of NSCLC
G protein-coupled receptor-mediated calcium signaling in astrocytes
Astrocytes express a large variety of G~protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
which mediate the transduction of extracellular signals into intracellular
calcium responses. This transduction is provided by a complex network of
biochemical reactions which mobilizes a wealth of possible calcium-mobilizing
second messenger molecules. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is probably the best
known of these molecules whose enzymes for its production and degradation are
nonetheless calcium-dependent. We present a biophysical modeling approach based
on the assumption of Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics, to effectively describe
GPCR-mediated astrocytic calcium signals. Our model is then used to study
different mechanisms at play in stimulus encoding by shape and frequency of
calcium oscillations in astrocytes.Comment: 35 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 3 appendices (book chapter
ВИРУС ПАПИЛЛОМЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА КАК ФАКТОР РИСКА ПРИ РАКЕ МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ
The paper reviews the data available in the literature on the possible involvement of human papillomavirus in the induction of bladder cancer (BC). The results of the authors studies in this area are summarized. The data obtained in clinical and experimental studies in vivo and in vitro count in favor of the idea that human papillomavirus may be implicated in the genesis of BC.Представлен обзор литературы по проблеме возможного участия вируса папилломы человека в индукции рака мочевого пузыря (РМП). Суммированы результаты собственных исследований в этой области. Данные, полученные на клиническом материале и экспериментальных моделях in vivo и in vitro, свидетельствуют в пользу точки зрения, согласно которой вирус папилломы человека может участвовать в генезе РМП
Distinct Effects of IL-18 on the Engraftment and Function of Human Effector CD8+ T Cells and Regulatory T Cells
IL-18 has pleotropic effects on the activation of T cells during antigen presentation. We investigated the effects of human IL-18 on the engraftment and function of human T cell subsets in xenograft mouse models. IL-18 enhanced the engraftment of human CD8+ effector T cells and promoted the development of xenogeneic graft versus host disease (GVHD). In marked contrast, IL-18 had reciprocal effects on the engraftment of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the xenografted mice. Adoptive transfer experiments indicated that IL-18 prevented the suppressive effects of Tregs on the development of xenogeneic GVHD. The IL-18 results were robust as they were observed in two different mouse strains. In addition, the effects of IL-18 were systemic as IL-18 promoted engraftment and persistence of human effector T cells and decreased Tregs in peripheral blood, peritoneal cavity, spleen and liver. In vitro experiments indicated that the expression of the IL-18Rα was induced on both CD4 and CD8 effector T cells and Tregs, and that the duration of expression was less sustained on Tregs. These preclinical data suggest that human IL-18 may have use as an adjuvant for immune reconstitution after cytotoxic therapies, and to augment adoptive immunotherapy, donor leukocyte infusions, and vaccine strategies
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