1,234 research outputs found
Cross‐scale seismic anisotropy analysis in metamorphic rocks from the COSC‐1 borehole in the Scandinavian Caledonides
Metamorphic and deformed rocks in thrust zones show particularly high seismic anisotropy causing challenges for seismic imaging and interpretation. A good example is the Seve Nappe Complex in central Sweden, an old exhumed orogenic thrust zone that is characterized by a strong but incoherent seismic reflectivity and considerable seismic anisotropy. However, only little is known about their origin in relation to composition and structural influences on measurements at different seismic scales. Here, we present a new integrative study of cross‐scale seismic anisotropy analyses combining mineralogical composition, microstructural analyses and seismic laboratory experiments from the COSC‐1 borehole, which sampled a 2.5 km‐deep section of metamorphic rocks deformed in an orogenic root now preserved in the Lower Seve Nappe. While there is strong crystallographic preferred orientation in most samples in general, variations in anisotropy depend mostly on bulk mineral composition and dominant core lithology as shown by a strong correlation between these. This relationship enables to identify three distinct seismic anisotropy facies providing a continuous anisotropy profile along the borehole. Moreover, comparison of laboratory seismic measurements and electron‐backscatter diffraction data reveals a strong scale‐dependence, which is more pronounced in the highly deformed, heterogeneous samples. This highlights the need for comprehensive cross‐validation of microscale anisotropy analyses with additional lithological data when integrating seismic anisotropy over seismic scales
Good Quantum Convolutional Error Correction Codes And Their Decoding Algorithm Exist
Quantum convolutional code was introduced recently as an alternative way to
protect vital quantum information. To complete the analysis of quantum
convolutional code, I report a way to decode certain quantum convolutional
codes based on the classical Viterbi decoding algorithm. This decoding
algorithm is optimal for a memoryless channel. I also report three simple
criteria to test if decoding errors in a quantum convolutional code will
terminate after a finite number of decoding steps whenever the Hilbert space
dimension of each quantum register is a prime power. Finally, I show that
certain quantum convolutional codes are in fact stabilizer codes. And hence,
these quantum stabilizer convolutional codes have fault-tolerant
implementations.Comment: Minor changes, to appear in PR
New high magnetic field phase of the frustrated chain compound LiCuVO
Magnetization of the frustrated chain compound LiCuVO, focusing
on high magnetic field phases, is reported. Besides a spin-flop transition and
the transition from a planar spiral to a spin modulated structure observed
recently, an additional transition was observed just below the saturation
field. This newly observed magnetic phase is considered as a spin nematic
phase, which was predicted theoretically but was not observed experimentally.
The critical fields of this phase and its dM/dH curve are in good agreement
with calculations performed in a microscopic model (M. E. Zhitomirsky and H.
Tsunetsugu, preprint, arXiv:1003.4096v2).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Functional and Biogenetical Heterogeneity of the Inner Membrane of Rat-Liver Mitochondria
Rat liver mitochondria were fragmented by a combined technique of swelling, shrinking, and sonication. Fragments of inner membrane were separated by density gradient centrifugation. They differed in several respects: electronmicroscopic appearance, phospholipid and cytochrome contents, electrophoretic behaviour of proteins and enzymatic activities.
Three types of inner membrane fractions were isolated. The first type is characterized by a high activity of metal chelatase, low activities of succinate-cytochrome c reductase and of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, as well as by a high phospholipid content and low contents of cytochromes aa3 and b.
The second type displays maximal activities of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase and metal chelatase, but contains relatively little cytochromes and has low succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity.
The third type exhibits highest succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity, a high metal chelatase activity and highest cytochrome contents. However, this fraction was low in both glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase activity and phospholipid content. This fraction was also richest in the following enzyme activities: cytochrome oxidase, oligomycin-sensitive ATPase, proline oxidase, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase.
Amino acid incorporation in vitro and in vivo in the presence of cycloheximide occurs predominantly into inner membrane fractions from the second type.
These data suggest that the inner membrane is composed of differently organized parts, and that polypeptides synthesized by mitochondrial ribosomes are integrated into specific parts of the inner membrane
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Flavor Symmetries and Consequences in Accelerators and Cosmology (FLASY12)
These are the proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Flavor Symmetries and
Consequences in Accelerators and Cosmology, held 30 June 2012 - 4 July 2012,
Dortmund, Germany.Comment: Order 400 pages, several figures including the group picture v2:
corrected author list and contributio
Relaxed fine-tuning in models with non-universal gaugino masses
We study, in a bottom-up approach, the fine-tuning problem between soft SUSY
breaking parameters and the -term for the successful electroweak symmetry
breaking in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. It is shown that certain
nontrivial ratios between gaugino masses, that is non-universal gaugino masses,
are necessary at the GUT scale, in order for the fine-tuning to be reduced
above 10 % order. In addition, when all the gaugino masses should be regarded
as independent ones in their origins, a small gluino mass
GeV and a non-vanishing -term associated to top squarks
are also required at the GUT scale as well as the non-universality. On the
other hand, when we consider some UV theory, which fixes ratios of soft SUSY
breaking parameters as certain values with the overall magnitude, heavier
spectra are allowed. It is favored that the gluino and wino masses are almost
degenerate at the weak scale, while wider region of bino mass is favorable.Comment: 17 pages, 29 figure
Observations of whistler mode waves with nonlinear parallel electric fields near the dayside magnetic reconnection separatrix by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission
We show observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission of whistler mode waves in the Earth's low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) during a magnetic reconnection event. The waves propagated obliquely to the magnetic field toward the X line and were confined to the edge of a southward jet in the LLBL. Bipolar parallel electric fields interpreted as electrostatic solitary waves (ESW) are observed intermittently and appear to be in phase with the parallel component of the whistler oscillations. The polarity of the ESWs suggests that if they propagate with the waves, they are electron enhancements as opposed to electron holes. The reduced electron distribution shows a shoulder in the distribution for parallel velocities between 17,000 and 22,000 km/s, which persisted during the interval when ESWs were observed, and is near the phase velocity of the whistlers. This shoulder can drive Langmuir waves, which were observed in the high-frequency parallel electric field data
Genome Sequence of Kitasatospora setae NBRC 14216T: An Evolutionary Snapshot of the Family Streptomycetaceae
Kitasatospora setae NBRC 14216T (=KM-6054T) is known to produce setamycin (bafilomycin B1) possessing antitrichomonal activity. The genus Kitasatospora is morphologically similar to the genus Streptomyces, although they are distinguishable from each other on the basis of cell wall composition and the 16S rDNA sequence. We have determined the complete genome sequence of K. setae NBRC 14216T as the first Streptomycetaceae genome other than Streptomyces. The genome is a single linear chromosome of 8 783 278 bp with terminal inverted repeats of 127 148 bp, predicted to encode 7569 protein-coding genes, 9 rRNA operons, 1 tmRNA and 74 tRNA genes. Although these features resemble those of Streptomyces, genome-wide comparison of orthologous genes between K. setae and Streptomyces revealed smaller extent of synteny. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences unequivocally placed K. setae outside the Streptomyces genus. Although many of the genes related to morphological differentiation identified in Streptomyces were highly conserved in K. setae, there were some differences such as the apparent absence of the AmfS (SapB) class of surfactant protein and differences in the copy number and variation of paralogous components involved in cell wall synthesis
Peptide and Peptide-Like Modulators of 20S Proteasome Enzymatic Activity in Cancer Cells
The involvement of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in the degradation of critical intracellular regulatory proteins suggested a few years ago the potential use of proteasome inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents being applicable in many different disease indications, and in particular for cancer therapy. This article reviews recent salient medicinal chemistry achievements in the design, synthesis, and biological characterization of both synthetic and natural peptide-like proteasome inhibitors, updating recent reviews on this class of agents. As shown herein, different compound classes are capable of modulating the subunit-specific proteolytic activities of the 20S proteasome in ways not previously possible, and one of them, bortezomib, has provided proof-of-concept for this therapeutic approach in cancer clinical settings
Effect of cytisine on some brain and hepatic biochemical parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for variety of cardio-vascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke and many others. It is of great importance for hypertensive patients to stop smoking. One of the medicines widely used for smoking cessation in Bulgaria is the original Bulgarian product Tabex®, which is developed on the basis of natural plant alkaloid cytisine. The aim of the following study was to ivestigate the effects of cytisine on some brain and hepatic biochemical parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an widely used rodent model for human essential hypertension, and to compare the obtained results with their age-matched normotensive controls Wistar Kyoto (WKY). Multiple cytisine administration did not affect the activity of ethylmorphine-N-demethylase (EMND) and anylinehydroxylase (AH), as well as the quantity of cytochrome P 450, nor in WKY neither in SHR In the liver cytisine increased the MDA quantity both in SHR and in WKY, by 25% (p<0.05) and by 29% (p<0.05) respectively, while the GSH level was not significantly changed by the compound in both strains. In contrast, on the brain level, cytisine administration to SHR caused more prominent toxicity, resulted in GSH depletion and increased MDA quantity, while in WKY strain did not exert any toxicity. Cytisine did not significantly affect ALAT and ASAT activity in both strains. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest higher brain toxicity of cytisine in spontaneously hypertensive rats, that might be due to their pathophysiological characteristics
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