Aphid resistance in potato

The problem of aphid resistance of potato genetic resources is discussed. Generally, resistance to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) is analyzed in all available literature sources. The Solanum tuberosum L. gene pool contains very few resistant forms. Accessions highly resistant to M. persicae were revealed among 36 of 86 examined wild potato species. The largest number of resistant forms was found among S. bulbocastanum Dun., S. tarijense Hawkes, S. infundibuliforme Phil., S. canasense Hawkes and S. stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché. The forms highly resistant to M. euphorbiae belong to 24 of 85 studied species, namely to 10 of 18 series; the species S. bulbocastanum, S. stoloniferum and S. demissum Lindl. include the maximum number of resistant forms. Wild species accessions with specific and group resistance to aphids were revealed. Glandular pubescence of leaves and stems in such species as S. polyadenium Greenm., S. tarijense and S. berthaultii Hawkes is considered as the main mechanism of resistance. Hybrids between S. tuberosum and S. berthaultii were widely used in breeding programs; however, the presence of glandular trichomes was linked to a number of undesirable characters. It is expected that association between the trichome conditioned insect resistance of S. berthaultii and undesirable agronomic traits could be overcome with the use of molecular genetic methods. Studies of the antifeedant activity of potato glycoalkaloids and their aglucons produced controversial results. In numerous works the aphid resistance of potato is connected with plant physiological state. Differences among wild potato accessions in the localization of resistance factors (leaf surface, epidermis, mesophyll, floema) were found that were indicative of differences of resistance mechanisms in the studied forms. Works on investigating induced aphid resistance in potato have great theoretical and practical significance

Modern approaches to the training and retraining of personnel for mechanical engineering

The successful functioning of the organization implies the need for training of workers at the enterprise. It is necessary to lay the costs of staff training as an investment in fixed capital, which allow the most effective use of the latest technologiesНеобходимость обучения рабочих на предприятии рассматривается как условие успешного функционирования организации. Доказывается, что необходимо закладывать затраты на подготовку персонала как инвестиции в основной капитал, которые позволяют наиболее эффективно использовать новейшие технологи

Features of an estimation of quality of educational services at the university

Успешная организация подготовки студентов в вузе определяется качеством образовательных услуг. Одной из важных задач в системе высшего образования является разработка научно-методического сопровождения процесса управления качеством образования на основе анализа его развития, мониторинга и прогнозированияSuccessful training of University students is determined by the quality of educational services. One of the important tasks in higher education is to develop scientific-methodical support of the process of education quality management on the basis of analysis of its development, monitoring and forecastin

Master class as a form influencing design of professional activity of bachelor-welder

The article deals with the design of the professional future of bachelors on the means of the use of offensive technologies. One of the important tasks in the system of higher education is the development of classes using interactive learning technologiesРассматриваются вопросы проектирования профессионального будущего бакалавров посредством применения интерактивных технологий. Одной из важных задач в системе высшего образования является разработка занятий с использованием интерактивных технологий обучени

System of training, retraining and advanced training of workers in the profession «WELDER» in the conditions of the enterprise

The successful operation of an industrial enterprise implies the need for corporate training of workers in the profession of «Welder» in order to increase the efficiency of the industrial enterpriseУспешное функционирование промышленного предприятия предполагает необходимость корпоративного обучения рабочих по профессии «Сварщик» с целью повышения эффективности работы промышленного предприяти

Approaches to training and retraining of workers for machine-building enterprises

Необходимость обучения рабочих на предприятии рассматривается как условие успешного функционирования предприятия. Необходимо закладывать затраты на подготовку и переподготовку рабочих на предприятии. В программах обучения наиболее эффективно использовать новейшие технологии.The successful functioning of the organization implies the need for training of workers at the enterprise. It is necessary to lay the costs of staff training as an investment in fixed capital, which allow the most effective use of the latest technologies

Statistical analysis and forecast of assessing the development of grain market on the south of Russia

Purpose: The article aims to identify the trends in the development of grain production in the Rostov region. The expert assessment of the production and export of grain, with a breakdown of the main achievements, is very important from the point of view of forecasting the development of the results of agricultural production of farmers in this region. Design/Methodology/Approach: To identify the prospects for the development of production for grain crops in the Rostov region, it is necessary: first, to identify the main directions of their development, second, to identify negative phenomena in this sector and third to identify the main activities that will help to eliminate agricultural sector reform. Findings: To identify trends in the development of grain production in the Rostov region, as well as assess the export volume of grain abroad, detailing the main achievements and results of agricultural production of farmers, a large array of statistical data from leading Russian and international analytical agencies were used. By expert evaluation, they were processed, which allowed the authors to make a forecast of grain production and export. Practical Implications: The results of the study can be used to draw up sound plans for the volumes of grain production and grain exports, as well as to further assess the forecasts for the development of agricultural production. Originality/Value: The study made it possible to draw a conclusion on the development of agricultural production in part of the grain market in a single region.peer-reviewe

Donors of effective genes for scald resistance in barley

Background. One of the most harmful diseases of barley in all areas of its cultivation is scald. The causal agent Rhynchosporium commune Zaffarano, B.A. McDonald & A. Linde (formerly – Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis) is characterized by a high level of variability, which leads to the emergence of new pathotypes and the loss of resistance of a number of cultivars. Most barley cultivars recommended for cultivation are highly affected by the pathogen. The aim of the study was to find new donors of effective barley resistance genes to R. commune.Materials and methods. Resistance to the fungus was tested in 99 accessions of barley landraces from 18 countries under laboratory and field conditions. The experiments employed isolates and clones of R. commune isolated from plants collected in Leningrad Province. Plant resistance was scored using point scales. Genetic control of fungal resistance was studied in the selected accessions using hybridological analysis.Results and conclusions. We identified 3 accessions of barley landraces, which retained high resistance to the fungus for six years of study in the field under inoculation with different populations of R. commune. Accessions k-31504 (Macedonia), k-31505 (Ethiopia) and k-31503 (India) are protected by R. commune resistance genes, which differ from each other, are not allelic to the previously identified effective Rrs9 gene, and manifest themselves throughout all stages of barley ontogenesis. Each of accessions k-31504 and k-31505 incorporates 2 recessive pathogen resistance genes; k-31503 carries 3 recessive resistance genes

THE EFFECT OF HOST PLANT REPLACEMENT ON THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE KRASNODAR GREENBUG <i> SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM </i> RONDANI (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) POPULATION

Characteristics of the new malting spring barley cultivar ‘Omsky 100’ are presented. This cultivar, bred at the Siberian Research As a result of studying the Krasnodar Schizaphis graminum population, a high level of the insect’s overall and seasonal variability in its virulence to sorghum resistance genes was detected. The greenbug population feeding on sorghum was shown to be labile in virulence to barley accessions as well. The selection of S. graminum genotypes specifically adapted to host plant species was observed. During the reproduction of the insect on barley plants, the individuals without “redundant” genes of virulence to sorghum had an advantage in competition. Replacement of the host led to rapid accumulation of clones virulent to the sorghum resistance genes Sgr1 - Sgr4 and Sgr12

People's trust in the field of pensions: the sociological analysis

Авторы статьи анализируют такую характеристику социального взаимодействия органов власти граждан и предпринимателей как доверие. Ими обоснованы методологические подходы, применяемые при изучении доверия. Также они приводят результаты проведения фокус-групп, посвященных пенсионной реформе и действиям граждан относительно пенсионных накоплений.The authors analyze a characteristic of social interaction of citizens and government and business as a trust. They justifies the methodological approaches, used in the study of trust. They also report the results of the focus - groups, dealing with pension reform and citizens' actions with respect to pension savings