INTERNET COMMUNICATION TOOLS: THE WAY OF CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY OR FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN THE DIGITAL AGE

With the introduction of almost every sphere of human activity computer technologies, there is a need for the formation of holistic scientific position in determining further cultural development of the human being. An assumption has been made, that a resourceful basis for communication research via the Internet are philosophical categories and cultural-historical psychology, because its statements allow to conceptualize the Internet communication tools as indirect activity. The specific features of electronic interactions, which have a significant impact on development of the of the personality have been highlighted and analyzed in the article: a lack of tactile sensations, increasing the volume and speed of information transfer, the introduction of artificial intelligence in communication tools

СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИРОДНЫХ И ОБОГАЩЕННЫХ КАОЛИНОВ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ

IR-spectroscopic results of study of primary kaolins of the Belarusian deposits «Sitnica» and «Dedovka» in a natural state and enriched by hydraulic sieve method are presented. The structural features of Belarusian kaolins as compared with known high-quality kaolin of Ukrainian deposits «Prosyanovskoe» are revealed, the values of crystallinity index are determined. Analysis of IR-spectra in the high-frequency region allowed us to establish the water connection forms in natural and enriched kaolins, the presence of OH-groups in the interlayer space, inside and on the surface of the octahedral layer and adsorbed water molecules, which can affect the rheology of kaolin suspensions. Silicate absorption band of kaolin, as well as intense peaks of deformation vibrations of quartz, typical for unenriched natural kaolin of Belarusian deposits, are in the lowfrequency region. Investigation using IR-spectroscopy made it possible to establish the structural features of natural kaolins related to the presence in the primary kaolin of the «Sitnitsa» and «Dedovka» deposits of the mineral of the kaolinite group of dikkite. The crystallinity index values (according to Hinckley) are established for natural and enriched kaolins «Sitnica» (0.94 and 1.11) and «Dedovka» (0.98 and 1.04) in comparison with kaolins of Prosyanovskoye deposit (1.31). Представлены результаты ИК-спектроскопического исследования первичных каолинов белорусских месторождений «Ситница» и «Дедовка» в природном состоянии и обогащенном гидравлическим ситовым способом. Выявлены структурные особенности каолинов Республики Беларусь по сравнению с известным высококачественным каолином украинского месторождения «Просяновское», определены значения индекса кристалличности. Анализ ИК-спектров в высокочастотной области позволил установить формы связи воды в природном и обогащенном каолинах, наличие ОН-групп в межслоевом пространстве, внутри и на поверхности октаэдрического слоя, а также адсорбированных молекул воды, что может оказать влияние на реологические свойства каолиновых суспензий. В низкочастотной области сосредоточены полосы поглощения силикатных структур каолинов, а также интенсивные пики деформацинных колебаний кварца, характерные для природных необогащенных каолинов белорусских месторождений. Исследование с помощью ИК-спектроскопии позволило установить структурные особенности природных каолинов, связанные с присутствием в первичных каолинах месторождений «Ситница» и «Дедовка» минерала каолинитовой группы диккита. Определены значения показателя индекса кристалличности (по Хинкли) для природных и обогащенных каолинов «Ситница» (0,94 и 1,11) и «Дедовка» (0,98 и 1,04) в сравнении с известным просяновским каолином (1,31).

Применение самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза для получения защитно-упрочняющих алюмосиликатных покрытий

This article shows the possibility of using the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis to obtain protective and hardening coatings for the lining of various thermal installations. The development of compositions of ceramic masses for the production of SHS coatings was carried out on the basis of aluminum powder, clay raw materials, exhausting and fluxing components as well as mineralizing additives. The prepared suspension including pre-prepared and thoroughly mixed raw materials was applied with a brush or a spray gun onto the previously cleaned and moistened surface of an aluminosilicate refractory. The firing of the coating was carried out in accordance with the mode of removing the thermal unit at the operating temperature. The temperature of the initiation of the SHS process, previously established using differential thermal analysis, was in the range of 570–720 °C and depended on the chemical composition of the charge. It has been established that the presence of crystalline phases of silica, corundum, hematite and a number of solid solutions (mainly calcium and sodium aluminosilicates) in the coating structure provides the necessary combination of the thermomechanical and thermophysical characteristics of the coatings. On the basis of the conducted research, the expediency of applying the technology of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis for the production of protective and hardening coatings on the lining of thermal units is demonstrated, which is confirmed by industrial tests in the conditions of the Minsk Ceramic Factory OJSC «Keramin».Показана возможность использования метода самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза для получения защитно-упрочняющих покрытий по футеровке различных тепловых установок. Разработка составов керамических композиций для получения СВС-покрытий осуществлялась на основе алюминиевой пудры, глинистого сырья, отощающих и флюсующих компонентов, а также минерализующих добавок. Приготовленную суспензию, включающую предварительно подготовленные и тщательно перемешанные сырьевые компоненты, с помощью кисти или пульверизатора наносили на предварительно очищенную и увлажненную поверхность алюмосиликатного огнеупора. Обжиг покрытия осуществляли в соответствии с режимом выведения теплового агрегата на рабочую температуру. Температура инициирования процесса СВС, предварительно установленная с помощью дифференциально-термического анализа, находилась в интервале 570–720 °С и зависела от химического состав шихты. Установлено, что наличие в структуре покрытий кристаллических фаз кремнезема, корунда, гематита, а также ряда твердых растворов (преимущественно алюмосиликаты кальция и натрия) обеспечивает необходимое сочетание термомеханических и теплофизических характеристик покрытий. На основании проведенных исследований показана целесообразность применения технологии СВС для получения защитно-упрочняющих покрытий по футеровке тепловых агрегатов, что подтверждено промышленными испытаниями в условиях Минского керамического завода ОАО «Керамин»

Protected Long-Distance Guiding of Hypersound Underneath a Nanocorrugated Surface

In nanoscale communications, high-frequency surface acoustic waves are becoming effective data carriers and encoders. On-chip communications require acoustic wave propagation along nanocorrugated surfaces which strongly scatter traditional Rayleigh waves. Here, we propose the delivery of information using subsurface acoustic waves with hypersound frequencies of ∼20 GHz, which is a nanoscale analogue of subsurface sound waves in the ocean. A bunch of subsurface hypersound modes are generated by pulsed optical excitation in a multilayer semiconductor structure with a metallic nanograting on top. The guided hypersound modes propagate coherently beneath the nanograting, retaining the surface imprinted information, at a distance of more than 50 μm which essentially exceeds the propagation length of Rayleigh waves. The concept is suitable for interfacing single photon emitters, such as buried quantum dots, carrying coherent spin excitations in magnonic devices and encoding the signals for optical communications at the nanoscale

Hybrid nanoparticles based on sulfides, oxides, and carbides

The methods for synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles based on sulfides, oxides, and carbides of heavy and transition metals were considered. The problem of the influence of the method of synthesis of the hybrid nanoparticles on their atomic structure, morphology of the nanomaterials, and functional properties was analyzed. The areas of practical use of the hybrid nanoparticles were proposed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Origin of Axial and Radial Expansions in Carbon Nanotubes Revealed by Ultrafast Diffraction and Spectroscopy

The coupling between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in low-dimensional, nanoscale systems plays a fundamental role in shaping many of their properties. Here, we report the disentanglement of axial and radial expansions of carbon nanotubes, and the direct role of electronic and vibrational excitations in determining such expansions. With subpicosecond and subpicometer resolutions, structural dynamics were explored by monitoring changes of the electron diffraction following an ultrafast optical excitation, whereas the transient behavior of the charge distribution was probed by time-resolved, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Our experimental results, and supporting density functional theory calculations, indicate that a population of the excited carriers in the antibonding orbitals of the nanotube walls drives a transient axial deformation in ∼1 ps; this deformation relaxes on a much longer time scale, 17 ps, by nonradiative decay. The electron-driven expansion is distinct from the phonon-driven dynamics observed along the radial direction, using the characteristic Bragg reflections; it occurs in 5 ps. These findings reveal the nonequilibrium distortion of the unit cell at early times and the role of the electron(phonon)-induced stress in the lattice dynamics of one-dimensional nanostructures

Nanoscale ceramic materials for power-efficient semiconductor gas sensors for carbon dioxide detection

In this paper investigated materials based on 0.9Ba1-xLaxTi1-yRyO3–0.1LaOCl (where R – Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) as sensing elements of power-efficient semiconductor CO2 gas sensors. During research found that the sensors on the basis of BLT with copper and nickel ions are characterized by the low values of energy consumption in comparison with other materials. Power consumption of equal fabricated sensors (70-90 mW) allows their use in energy-efficient autonomous alarm systems. In this paper were synthesized and investigated semiconductor nanomaterials based on doped barium-lanthanum titanate. The phase composition, structure and properties of the materials and operational characteristics of CO2 gas sensors on their base have been studied.Белорусский Республиканский Фонд Фундаментальных Исследовани

Nanoscale ceramic materials for power-efficient semiconductor gas sensors for carbon dioxide detection

In this paper investigated materials based on 0.9Ba1-xLaxTi1-yRyO3–0.1LaOCl (where R – Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) as sensing elements of power-efficient semiconductor CO2 gas sensors. During research found that the sensors on the basis of BLT with copper and nickel ions are characterized by the low values of energy consumption in comparison with other materials. Power consumption of equal fabricated sensors (70-90 mW) allows their use in energy-efficient autonomous alarm systems. In this paper were synthesized and investigated semiconductor nanomaterials based on doped barium-lanthanum titanate. The phase composition, structure and properties of the materials and operational characteristics of CO2 gas sensors on their base have been studied.Белорусский Республиканский Фонд Фундаментальных Исследовани