2,413 research outputs found
On the critical group of matrices
Given a graph G with a distinguished vertex s, the critical group of (G,s) is
the cokernel of their reduced Laplacian matrix L(G,s). In this article we
generalize the concept of the critical group to the cokernel of any matrix with
entries in a commutative ring with identity. In this article we find diagonal
matrices that are equivalent to some matrices that generalize the reduced
Laplacian matrix of the path, the cycle, and the complete graph over an
arbitrary commutative ring with identity. We are mainly interested in those
cases when the base ring is the ring of integers and some subrings of matrices.
Using these equivalent diagonal matrices we calculate the critical group of the
m-cones of the l-duplications of the path, the cycle, and the complete graph.
Also, as byproduct, we calculate the critical group of another matrices, as the
m-cones of the l-duplication of the bipartite complete graph with m vertices in
each partition, the bipartite complete graph with 2m vertices minus a matching.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
Managerial appraisal and compensation: The case of Spain
This paper explores some fundamental tasks associated with corporate governance: manager appraisal and compensation. Most of the empirical research in this area has been centered on Anglo-Saxon countries. Some European countries, such as Spain, have a very different governance tradition. Given this context, the work presented here has two objectives: 1.- To describe existing appraisal and compensation practices in Spain, comparing them with those used in the USA. 2.- To study the determinants of CEO compensation, and the relationship between CEO compensation and certain Board practices, using agency theoryAppraisal; compensation; agency
On the critical ideals of graphs
We introduce some determinantal ideals of the generalized Laplacian matrix
associated to a digraph G, that we call critical ideals of G. Critical ideals
generalize the critical group and the characteristic polynomials of the
adjacency and Laplacian matrices of a digraph. The main results of this article
are the determination of some minimal generator sets and the reduced Grobner
basis for the critical ideals of the complete graphs, the cycles and the paths.
Also, we establish a bound between the number of trivial critical ideals and
the stability and clique numbers of a graph.Comment: 23 pages. Some changes over the previous version. Accepted in Linear
algebra and its Application
Aportaciones al conocimiento de la flora de Córdoba. Algunas especies interesantes de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Bembézar
Se incluyen en este trabajo las citas de 47 taxones en el área que comprende la cuenca hidrográfica del río Bembézar, parte de las cuales constituyen novedades para la provincia de Córdoba y algunas para Andalucía Occidental. Las citas se acompañan de comentarios bibliográficos acerca de la corología de dichos taxones.In this paper the records of 47 taxa from the bassim of the Bembézar river in Cordoba are included. Most of them are new for the Flora of Córdoba and for Wester Andalucia. Chorological and bibliographical remarks about the plants are also included
Factors impacting sustainability in rural drinking water: an integrated approach in Paraguay
The research assesses the sustainability of a program intervention in drinking-water supply in 100 rural communities in Paraguay and identifies the main factors and good practices that could correlate with higher levels of sustainability for drinking-water supply systems. The research includes an integrated assessment of the technical systems, the governance of the community-based provider, and the user’s participation. A total of 100 drinking-water systems built between 2006 and 2010 were technically and operationally revised. Surveys were conducted to 100 community-based sanitation boards (SB) and 450 beneficiary households, using systematic random sampling in 30 rural communities. Preliminary results suggest that participation of the users, the institutional capacity of the SB, the external support of a public institution – as SENASA in this case - and the reinforcement of maintenance activities seem to be key aspects to keep sustainability in rural water systems in the medium and long term
Congestión vehicular en Medellín: una posible solución desde la Economía
Según la teoría económica el mecanismo de precios es una herramienta adecuada para solucionar el problema de congestión vehicular. El objetivo de este artículo es diagnosticar el grado de congestión vehicular de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) y proponer alternativas que den solución a dicho problema desde la óptica de la teoría económica. A diferencia de otros estudios, esta investigación analizó la relación entre el gasto de las familias en transporte y la elección de transporte (público o privado) a través la metodología de elasticidades. Se encontró evidencia a favor de la hipótesis de los precios como mecanismos para desincentivar el uso del automóvil privado, pues a medida que aumenta el nivel de gasto en transporte (asociado a un supuesto peaje urbano), la probabilidad de usar transporte privado disminuye, mientras que la probabilidad de utilizar transporte público aumenta.According to the Economic theory, prices are the most accurate mechanism to solution the traffic congestion problem in urban areas. This article presents a diagnosis on the mobility issue in the city of Medellín (Colombia) and a solution is proposed based on Economic theory. The household expenditures in transportation and the choice between public and private transport were analyzed through the method of elasticity. Evidence has been found proving that the prices mechanism is an efficient mechanism to disincentive the usage of private vehicles, since a rise in the expenditure in transport (due to an hypothetic intra- urban toll) results in a lower probability to use private vehicle and a higher probability to use public transportation
Dust in the Circumgalactic Medium of Low-Redshift Galaxies
Using spectroscopically selected galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
we present a detection of reddening due to dust in the circumgalactic medium of
galaxies. We detect the mean change in the colors of "standard crayons"
correlated with the presence of foreground galaxies at z ~0.05 as a function of
angular separation. Following Peek & Graves (2010), we create standard crayons
using passively evolving galaxies corrected for Milky Way reddening and
color-redshift trends, leading to a sample with as little as 2% scatter in
color. We devise methods to ameliorate possible systematic effects related to
the estimation of colors, and we find an excess reddening induced by foreground
galaxies at a level ranging from 10 to 0.5 millimagnitudes on scales ranging
from 30 kpc to 1 Mpc. We attribute this effect to a large-scale distribution of
dust around galaxies similar to the findings of Menard et al. 2010. We find
that circumgalactic reddening is a weak function of stellar mass over the range
-- and note that this
behavior appears to be consistent with recent results on the distribution of
metals in the gas phase.Comment: Submitted to Ap
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