The influence of a major sporting event upon emergency department attendances; A retrospective cross-national European study

Major sporting events may influence attendance levels at hospital emergency departments (ED). Previous research has focussed on the impact of single games, or wins/losses for specific teams/countries, limiting wider generalisations. Here we explore the impact of the Euro 2016 football championships on ED attendances across four participating nations (England, France, Northern Ireland, Wales), using a single methodology. Match days were found to have no significant impact upon daily ED attendances levels. Focussing upon hourly attendances, ED attendances across all countries in the four hour pre-match period were statistically significantly lower than would be expected (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99) and further reduced during matches (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.97). In the 4 hour post-match period there was no significant increase in attendances (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.04). However, these impacts were highly variable between individual matches: for example in the 4 hour period following the final, involving France, the number of ED attendances in France increased significantly (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13–1.42). Overall our results indicate relatively small impacts of major sporting events upon ED attendances. The heterogeneity observed makes it difficult for health providers to predict how major sporting events may affect ED attendances but supports the future development of compatible systems in different countries to support cross-border public health surveillance

Construction techniques and performances of a full size prototype Micromegas chamber for the ATLAS muon spectrometer upgrade

A full scale prototype of a Micromegas precision tracking chamber for the upgrade of the ATLAS detector at the LHC Collider has been built between October 2015 and April 2016. This paper describes in detail the procedures used in constructing the single modules of the chamber in various INFN laboratories and the final assembly at the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF). Results of the chamber exposure to the CERN H8 beam line in June 2016 are also presented. The performances achieved in the construction and the results of the test beam are compared with the requirements, which are imposed by the severe environment during the data-taking of the LHC foreseen for the next years

Small-Ring Compounds. XXXV. Studies of Rearrangements in the Nitrous Acid Deaminations of Methyl-substituted Cyclobutyl-, Cyclopropylcarbinyl- and Allylcarbinylamines

The compositions of the alcohol mixtures formed in nitrous acid deaminations of cyclopropylmethylcarbinylamine, (2-methylcyclopropyl)-carbinylamine, 2-methylcyclobutylamine, 3-methylcyclobutylamine, crotylcarbinylamine and allylmethylcarbinylamine have been determined. These results and the behavior of the corresponding alcohols under isomerization conditions in strongly acidic media may be explained by assuming formation of three non-equivalent, unsymmetrical, non-classical cationic intermediates analogous to those previously proposed for the carbonium ion reactions of other small ring derivatives

Small-Ring Compounds. XXVI. Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of Some Halogen-substituted Phenylcyclobutenones

Displacement reactions between alkali hxlides and several cyclic allylic-type halides, namely, 2,2-dihalo-3-phenylcyclo,-butenones, have been found to proceed with rearrangement to give 2,4-dihalo-3-phenylcyclobutenones. The 2,2-dihalocompounds also were found to rearrange to the corresponding allylic isomers on heating with triethylamine. The allylic iodides, 2-fluoro-4-iodo- and 2-chloro-4-iodo-3-plienyl-2-cyclobutenones,rearranged in reactions with halogens to form 2,2-dihalo-3-phenylcyclobutenones. Evidence is presented for the stereospecific nature of these reactions

A narrative review on assessment of pain in dementia patients

A review on assessment of pain in dementia patient

Syndromic surveillance of air pollution incidents across international borders

ObjectiveTo assess the impact on human health observed in associationwith periods of poor air quality which extended across internationalborders, affecting both London (UK) and Paris (France).In particular to quantify increased levels of emergency department(ED) attendances for asthma and wheeze/ difficulty breathing, andhow different age groups were affected. Here, using ED syndromicsurveillance from England and France, we aimed to identify anddescribe the acute impact of periods of particularly poor air qualityduring 2014 on human health in both London and Paris.IntroductionThe impact of poor air quality (AQ) on human health is a globalissue, with periods of poor AQ known to occur in multiple locations,across different countries at, or around the same time.The Public Health England (PHE) Emergency DepartmentSyndromic Surveillance System (EDSSS) is a public health legacyof the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, monitoringanonymised daily attendance data in near real-time from a sentinelnetwork of up to 38 EDs across England and Northern Ireland during2014.The Organisation de la Surveillance COordonnée des URgences(OSCOUR®) is a similar ED system coordinated by Santé publiqueFrance and has been running in France since 2004, establishedfollowing a major heatwave in 2003 to improve real-time publichealth surveillance capabilities. This truly national network includedaround 540 EDs in 2014.MethodsPeriods of poor AQ during 2014 in both London and Paris, whichwere likely to have an acute impact on human health were identifiedfrom the daily particulate monitoring data made available by themonitoring authorities in each location.1,2Daily ED syndromic surveillance data for selected health indicators(asthma, difficulty breathing type attendances and myocardialischaemia (MI)) were gathered from EDSSS and OSCOUR®forLondon and Paris respectively.The standard method used for the daily statistical analysis ofEDSSS(RAMMIE method),3was also applied to OSCOUR®and usedto identify days where the numbers of attendances reported in boththe EDSSS and OSCOUR®systems were statistically significantlydifferent to the historical data, based on the previous 2 years.ResultsDistinct differences were identified between the impact observedon different age groups, with increased asthma ED attendances forchildren during/ following some AQ events, though a greater impactwas observed in adults around other AQ events.Increases in ED attendances for asthma were identified at severalpoints where no AQ events were reported, both short lived spikesduring the summer period in particular and a more sustained increasetowards the start of autumn.ConclusionsDespite EDSSS and OSCOUR®having been developed in differentcountries, at different times and resulting from different drivers, bothsystems use very similar syndromic indicators to identify asthma,difficulty breathing and MI attendances. Using these systems theshort term impacts of multiple AQ events which crossed internationalboundaries were successfully identified and investigated by Englishand French public health authorities.Periods of poor AQ are not the only events that can affect asthmatype attendances as identified here, thunderstorm activity and thebeginning of a new academic year also coincided with increasedattendances in both London and Paris.Harmonisation of surveillance methods across differentinternational jurisdictions is possible and there is the potential forfuture cross border surveillance and harmonisation of methodsbetween countries to improve international health surveillance andearly warning of potential public health threats affecting multiplecountries