Local null controllability of the N-dimensional Navier-Stokes system with N-1 scalar controls in an arbitrary control domain

In this paper we deal with the local null controllability of the N-dimensional Navier-Stokes system with internal controls having one vanishing component. The novelty of this work is that no condition is imposed on the control domain

YOUTH AND COMMUNITY BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH: SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is becoming popular in the field of public health. While many studies focus on including adults in the CBPR process, far fewer have utilized the input and expertise of children and adolescents. Successful CBPR projects are important to the field of public health due to their ability to open the doorway to the health needs and experiences of youth. This review paper first provides relevant background information regarding the health of youth living in the United States, the importance of adopting a life course approach to public health interventions, and the field of Community Based Participatory Research. It then explains the review methodology utilized and presents the results of the literature review. Specific attention is paid to summarizing CBPR work conducted with youth and the key issues related to such work. This review concludes by providing suggestions for future successful applications of CBPR with youth populations, and discusses the benefits and challenges of conducting this type of research. Results from this review contribute to a better understanding of the importance of utilizing ideas and insights of young people in order to create programming and policy changes that effectively address their needs

Twelve Years a Terror: U.S. Impact in the 12-Year Civil War in El Salvador

This essay explores the impacts of the United States government and military in the civil war in El Salvador in a comprehensive historical study. Through the presence of monetary aid, a disregard for the human rights of people in El Salvador, and the presence of U.S. trained soldiers at the then School of Americas and the current Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, the U.S. prolonged and augmented the negative effects of the Salvadoran Civil War

State and Federal Powers Clash Over Medical Marijuana in United States v. McIntosh

The unanimous opinion in United States v. McIntosh held that a spending rider approved by Congress in 2014 and 2015 prohibits the United States Department of Justice (the Department) from prosecuting marijuana suppliers who fully comply with state laws allowing the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. The Department argued that the rider only prohibits litigation against the states themselves, rather than prosecution of individuals who provide marijuana for medicinal purposes, because the language of the rider indicates that the Department may not use appropriated money to prevent states from implementing their medical marijuana laws. The three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejected this interpretation, holding that the rider prohibits the Department from spending funds from relevant appropriations acts for the prosecution of individuals who engaged in conduct permitted by state medical marijuana laws and who fully complied with such laws. Individuals who do not strictly comply with all state-law conditions regarding the use, distribution, possession, and cultivation of medical marijuana, on the other hand, have engaged in conduct that is unauthorized. Thus, prosecuting individuals such as these does not violate the rider. However, if the Department wishes to continue these prosecutions, the defendants are entitled to evidentiary hearings at which they may demonstrate that their actions were authorized by state law. The Ninth Circuit’s ruling represents the highest judicial holding that this omnibus legislation does indeed curb federal crackdowns on state-legal medical marijuana programs

Sources and Long-term Trends in Fecal Bacteria Contamination in the Fresh and Marine Waters of the Grand Strand

Microbial water quality is of significant concern in the two watersheds of the Grand Stand. Polluted runoff, malfunctioning septic tanks, and centralized sanitary sewer failures are common sources of fecal bacteria contamination in coastal areas and pose a threat to human health through recreational use of waterbodies and shellfish consumption. Volunteer water quality monitoring programs are crucial in expanding upon assessments of fecal bacteria contamination by regulatory monitoring. Bacteria monitoring data collected by volunteers and Coastal Carolina University’s Environmental Quality Laboratory has been used to identify sites to be investigated by microbial source tracking. Microbial source tracking has been used throughout the Grand Strand to identify nonpoint sources of fecal bacteria pollution. Findings from such studies have been used to develop management plans for reducing fecal pollution in the coastal region This thesis focuses on three projects aimed towards improving MST in the waters of the Grand Strand: (1) a cross comparison study between the Escherichia coli enumeration methods currently used by local monitoring programs, (2) a microbial source tracking study in Murrells Inlet Estuary to investigate fecal pollution sources at contaminated sites identified by the local volunteer water quality monitoring, and (3) synthesis of reports from local coastal MST studies conducted throughout the Grand Strand over the past two decades. The results from the three research projects presented in this thesis are intended to aid in selection of suitable management approaches and in optimization of future monitoring and microbial source tracking work in the waters of coastal northeastern South Carolina

Training to avoid distractions

Introduction: Auditory training has been extensively studied and applied to training software that is currently available for children with attention, hearing, or speech/language difficulties. The extent to which training generalizes, or transfers to an untrained task, is of great theoretical value. To our knowledge, there has not been a study that examines transference to a non-sensory masking task. Methods: 16 adults without ADHD were trained in a contralateral masking task over the course of two days, with 900 trials per day. False alarm rates, thresholds, and reaction times were measured. Pre- and post-tests of contralateral and informational masking were conducted to evaluate improvement on the untrained task following training. Results: Training generalized to the untrained task of informational masking. The results showed that informational and contralateral thresholds significantly improved following training. Discussion: This paper demonstrates transference of learning across two non-sensory masking tasks. This is the beginning of determining the extent of generalization and limiting distractibility in non-sensory masking, and how that may influence the development of auditory training software

Examining the Effects of Slavery in Toni Morrison\u27s Beloved

Slavery is a part of our history that no one wants to remember. Toni Morrison struggled when writing Beloved with the natural “tension between needing to bury the past and needing to revive it,” as put by Ashraf Rushdy in Daughters Signifyin(g) History: The Example of Toni Morrison\u27s Beloved (39). The characters in Beloved feel this dual need, especially Sethe, who wants to forget what she did but knows she cannot, who longs to have with her again the daughter she killed to save from slavery. Nicole M. Coonradt in To Be Loved: Amy Denver And Human Need-Bridges To Understanding In Toni Morrison\u27s Beloved says, “As her characters\u27 lives are shattered as a result of their slave experience, so too are their stories. By piecing them together, a clearer, more complete version of their painful history emerges” (171). All the characters in this work are influenced by slavery, and we see its effects through Morrison’s retrieved history; by examining the actions of the characters and relationships among the characters—especially the mother-daughter relationship between Sethe and her daughters—we are shown how to remember the sordid past of slavery and how to heal