Novel insights on pink discoloration in cheese: The case of Pecorino Toscano

Pink discoloration in cheese has been the subject of wide research, but the basis for this phenomenon remains elusive. This defect impacts a wide range of ripened cheeses, resulting in the rejection of cheese and a consequent economic loss for dairy industries. As multiple causes for pink discoloration have been reported for different cheeses in the literature, the aim of this research was to investigate the cause of a pink discoloration found on Pecorino Toscano cheese rind. The results of microbiological analysis revealed the presence of high microbial counts associated to the rind and the nearest inner part. Strains isolated from the coloured part were mainly identified as Serratia liquefaciens, suggesting that an environmental contamination of the cheese rind by this species could be the cause of the observed defect and expanding the knowledge related to pink discoloration in cheeses

Wild Lactobacillus casei Group Strains: Potentiality to Ferment Plant Derived Juices

Plant derived beverages have recently gained consumers’ interest, particularly due to their intrinsic functional properties. They can also act as non-dairy carriers for probiotics and prebiotics, meeting the needs of lactose allergic/intolerant people and vegans. Direct fermentation of fruit and vegetables juices by probiotic lactic acid bacteria could be a tool to increase safety, shelf-life, nutrients bioavailability and to improve sensorial features of plant derived juices. This study aims to screen wild Lactobacillus casei-group strains isolated from dairy matrices for probiotic features, such as acid and bile salts resistance, and test them for the potentiality to ferment celery and orange juices. Strains’ ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) in situ is also checked. These evaluations were performed for the first time in fruit and vegetables matrices by means of an impedometric analysis, recently shown to be a suitable and rapid method to measure microorganisms’ growth, acidification performances and EPS production. This study allowed the selection of three potentially probiotic L. casei-group wild strains able to ferment fruit and vegetable juices and also producing EPS. These strains with three-in-one abilities could be used to produce new functional fermented plant derived juices

Eating fermented: Health benefits of lab-fermented foods

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are involved in producing a considerable number of fermented products consumed worldwide. Many of those LAB fermented foods are recognized as beneficial for human health due to probiotic LAB or their metabolites produced during food fermentation or after food digestion. In this review, we aim to gather and discuss available information on the health-related effects of LAB-fermented foods. In particular, we focused on the most widely consumed LAB-fermented foods such as yoghurt, kefir, cheese, and plant-based products such as sauerkrauts and kimchi

Audio-Tactile Integration in Congenitally and Late Deaf Cochlear Implant Users

Several studies conducted in mammals and humans have shown that multisensory processing may be impaired following congenital sensory loss and in particular if no experience is achieved within specific early developmental time windows known as sensitive periods. In this study we investigated whether basic multisensory abilities are impaired in hearing-restored individuals with deafness acquired at different stages of development. To this aim, we tested congenitally and late deaf cochlear implant (CI) recipients, age-matched with two groups of hearing controls, on an audio-tactile redundancy paradigm, in which reaction times to unimodal and crossmodal redundant signals were measured. Our results showed that both congenitally and late deaf CI recipients were able to integrate audio-tactile stimuli, suggesting that congenital and acquired deafness does not prevent the development and recovery of basic multisensory processing. However, we found that congenitally deaf CI recipients had a lower multisensory gain compared to their matched controls, which may be explained by their faster responses to tactile stimuli. We discuss this finding in the context of reorganisation of the sensory systems following sensory loss and the possibility that these changes cannot be "rewired" through auditory reafferentation

Atp bioluminescence for rapid and selective detection of bacteria and yeasts in wine

Microbial contamination may represent a loss of money for wine producers as several defects can arise due to a microorganism’s growth during storage. The aim of this study was to implement a bioluminescence assay protocol to rapidly and simultaneously detect bacteria and yeasts in wines. Different wines samples were deliberately contaminated with bacteria and yeasts at different concentrations and filtered through two serial filters with decreasing mesh to separate bacteria and yeasts. These were resuscitated over 24 h on selective liquid media and analyzed by bioluminescence assay. ATP measurements discriminated the presence of yeasts and bacteria in artificially contaminated wine samples down to 50 CFU/L of yeasts and 1000 CFU/L of bacteria. The developed protocol allowed to detect, rapidly (24 h) and simultaneously, bacteria and yeasts in different types of wines. This would be of great interest for industries, for which an early detection and discrimination of microbial contaminants would help in the decision‐making proces

Microvascular dysfunction in pediatric patients with SARS-COV-2 pneumonia: report of three severe cases

The coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected hundreds of millions of people worldwide: in most of cases children and young people developed asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic clinical pictures. However authors have showed that there are some categories of childhood more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection such as newborns or children with comorbidities. We report for the first time to the best of our knowledge about microvascular dysfunction in three pediatric clinical cases who developed COVID-19 infections with need of pediatric critical care. We found that sublingual microcirculation is altered in children with severe COVID-19 infection. Our findings confirmed most of data already observed by other authors in adult population affected by severe COVID-19 infection, but with distinct characteristics than microcirculation alterations previous observed in a clinical case of MIS-C. However we cannot establish direct correlation between microcirculation analysis and clinical or laboratory parameters in our series, by our experience we have found that sublingual microcirculation analysis allow clinicians to report directly about microcirculation dysfunction in COVID-19 patients and it could be a valuable bedside technique to monitor thrombosis complication in this population

Primjena Sponheuerovog i Blakeovog modela pri procjeni seizčkog hazarda: Slučaj Mesinskog tjesnaca

Attenuation is fundamental in the description of a seismic event, determining the spatial distribution of intensity associated with it. Knowing the influence of the attenuation coefficients on the values of the maximum expected intensity for North-Eastern Sicily, the necessity arises to quantify the “weight” of the attenuation models and of the respective coefficients on the intensity estimates. The first evaluation is presented here using the Sponheuer and Blake models. The comparison of the maps of expected intensity, obtained from the cross-use of the laws allows the first critical estimate, showing the greater adaptability of the Sponheuer model to describe the attenuation of intensity for the investigated area

Radio echo sounding data analysis of the Shackleton Ice Shelf

In this study, our initial results are presented for the interpretation of the radio echo sounding data collected over the Shackleton Ice Shelf and adjacent ice sheet (East Antarctica) during the 2003/2004 Australian- Italian expedition. The Shackleton Ice Shelf is one of the larger ice shelves of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The radar survey provided data relating to ice thickness and bed morphology of the outlet glaciers, and thickness of their floating portions. The glacier grounding lines were determined by assessment of the basal echo characters. The information derived is compared with data from the BEDMAP database and from other sources

Modelling aspects of terrestrial ecology in an italian endemic salamander, Salamandrina perspicillata

Density and other aspects of terrestrial activity were studied in a population of Salamandrina perspicillata from central Italy (Vejo Natural Park, province of Rome). Salamander density was studied by line-transect methodology with Distance modelling procedures. Linear distance of each salamander from water was also measured, as well as the correlations between population density, distance of salamanders from water, and some habitat variables. In total, a sample of 227 captures was collected and analysed. The distance of salamanders from water increased significantly with time (number of days after the beginning of the study, i.e. 13 April), considering either as dependent variable the mean distance of salamanders on each day of survey or the individual distances recorded for all the salamanders captured during the present investigation. After subdividing the stream into various sectors classifi ed on the basis of their morphological and habitat variables, a General Linear Model (full factorial design) showed that the salamander distance from water varied significantly among sectors of the stream, with also an effect of time elapsed since the first day of survey and an effect of stream sector*time. Estimated density varied remarkably with day-of-survey, ranging from 0 to over 55 individuals/ha. The mean density of salamanders was 24.6 ± 14.7 individuals/ha, similar to that of many other salamander species studied so far. According to both multivariate analyses and logistic regression models, two habitat variables (inclination of the slopes surrounding the stream and type of stream banks) significantly affected the population densityModélisation d'aspects de l'écologie terrestre d'une salamandre endémique italienne, Salamandrina perspicillata.- La densité et d'autres aspects de l'activité terrestre ont été étudiés dans une population de Salamandrina perspicillata du centre de l'Italie (parc naturel de Vejo, province de Rome). La densité des salamandres a été établie par la méthode des line-transects avec le logiciel Distance. La distance à l'eau de chaque individu a également été mesurée ainsi que les corrélations entre densité de population, distance à l'eau et diverses variables de l'habitat. Au total, un échantillon de 227 captures a été obtenu et analysé. La distance à l'eau s'est avérée croître significativement avec le temps (nombre de jours à partir du début de l'étude, c-à-d. le 13 avril), que l'on prenne tant comme variable indépendante la distance moyenne des individus établie chaque jour du suivi que les distances individuelles de toutes les salamandres enregistrées durant l'étude. Après subdivision du cours d'eau en secteurs classés en fonction de leur morphologie et de leurs variables d'habitat, un modèle général linéaire a montré que la distance à l'eau variait de manière significative entre les secteurs, avec aussi un effet temps écoulé depuis le premier jour de suivi et un effet secteur x temps. La densité estimée variait de manière remarquable de 0 à plus de 55 individus/ha selon le jour de suivi. La densité moyenne était de 24,6 ± 14,7 individus/ha, similaire à celle de beaucoup d'autres espèces de salamandres étudiées jusqu'à présent. Tant des analyses multivariées que des modèles de régression logistique ont montré que deux variables d'habitat (l'inclinaison des pentes entourant le cours d'eau et le type de bord du cours d'eau) affectaient de manière significative la densité de population