Integrative species delimitation and taxonomic status of the scorpion genus \u3cem\u3eVaejovis\u3c/em\u3e Koch, 1836 (Vaejovidae) in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona

Scorpions belonging to the Vaejovis vorhiesi species complex are widely distributed throughout the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Most species are endemic to single mountain ranges but two species, Vaejovis deboerae Ayrey, 2009 and V. brysoni Ayrey & Webber, 2013, have been documented from the Santa Catalina Mountains in Arizona. We reevaluated the taxonomic diversity of these scorpions by integrating data from several different sources. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that scorpions in the Santa Catalina Mountains are monophyletic but comprise two divergent mitochondrial lineages that overlap at the type locality of V. deboerae. We failed to detect congruence between these lineages and the remaining datasets which suggests that there is a single species that we refer to as V. deboerae (=V. brysoni syn. nov.). Our inability to gather molecular data from the female holotype of V. deboerae could be the basis for future nomenclatural volatility if future studies find that the mitochondrial lineages are validated by other forms of data (e.g., male morphology). Results from this study underscore the importance of integrative methods for delimiting species in morphologically cryptic groups. Furthermore, we recommend generating DNA barcodes for holotypes as part of the description process to reduce future nomenclatural quagmires

Feminist Issues in Scarecrow and Mrs. King and in Lois and Clark .

Feminist Issues in Scarecrow and Mrs. King and in Lois and Clark looks at television portrayals of female leads in the female-male investigative team. The two series, which aired ten years apart, were chosen for their escapist and fantasy qualities. One hypothesis of this research was that the latter show, Lois and Clark, would exhibit more feminist tendencies. Episodes from each series were examined for events and dialogue significant to the presentation of the female lead. These events and dialogue were arranged into four categories: female-female relationships, female-male relationships, romantic involvements, and professional relationships. An encompassing element was also addressed in each category: the feminine experience and knowledge. The research finds that relationships play a significant role in the development of Amanda King and Lois Lane. The feminine experience and knowledge that Amanda has and Lois lacks is a catalyst for these relationships. Amanda\u27s feminine experience allows her to develop healthy relationships and progress from a submissive housewife figure to an independent career woman. Lois\u27 lack of feminine experience results in the opposite: she is unable to form healthy relationships and becomes dependent on her male partner, Clark, for emotional and professional support. In other words, she regresses from an independent career woman to a submissive housewife figure

Film calibration for the Skylab/ATM S-056 X-ray telescope

The sensitometry and film calibration effort for the Skylab/ATM S-056 X-ray telescope is summarized. The apparatus and procedures used are described together with the two types of flight film used, Kodak SO-212 and SO-242. The sensitometry and processing of the flight film are discussed, and the results are presented in the form of the characteristic curves and related data. The use of copy films is also discussed

Proximity effect in Nb-Mo layered films: Transition temperature and critical current dependence on period

The behavior of the transition temperature and critical current density for a Mo/Nb repeated bilayer system as a function of the number of periods was explored. The measured values of the transition temperature are compared to the theoretical predictions for the proximity effect in the dirty limit. We find that the transition temperature does not decrease as the number of periods increase. In addition, inductive critical current density measurements also show a scaling that indicates the superconductivity properties are not dependent on the number of bilayers.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, to be published Journal of Applied Physic

STANDARDIZED THROUGH-WALL DISTRIBUTIONS OF DISSIMILAR METAL WELD RESIDUAL STRESS

ABSTRACT The residual stresses imparted by the welding process are a principal factor in the process of primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) of Alloy 82/182 nickel-alloy (i.e., dissimilar metal or DM) piping butt welds in PWRs. While Section XI of the ASME Code requires that residual stresses are considered in crack growth calculations, there is little guidance or requirement on how to calculate them. Analytical models are frequently used to simulate the welding process in order to predict the residual stress distribution in the weld and base material as an input to crack growth calculations. The crack growth calculations, in turn, have demonstrated a high sensitivity to the welding residual stress distribution inputs. While significant progress has been made in understanding and reducing the variability in calculated residual stress among modelers as well as the variability in measured residual stress among different techniques, there remains some uncertainty regarding any given measured or calculated distribution. A feasible alternative to calculating through-wall stress distributions with analytical models on a case-by-case basis is to develop a set of standardized through-wall stress distributions that are applicable to DM welds. Examples of standardized through-wall distributions for residual stress are found in numerous consensus code and standards. The benefit of established through-wall stress distributions is that evaluations for flaws in welds would start from a uniform basis on one of the key inputs to the crack growth calculation, reducing the time required to perform and review flaw evaluations. This paper presents and describes the technical basis for a set of through-wall distributions for common DM welds found in the US nuclear industry. The basis of the distributions include the results of analytical models, including uncertainty, as well as measured data for through-wall stress in DM welds. INTRODUCTION Appendix C to Section XI of the ASME Code is used to evaluate flaws in piping components, including flaw growth due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). When calculating flaw growth due to SCC, Section XI Appendix C states that sustained loads and residual stresses should be considered. It is also stated that appropriate experimental data on the residual stress distribution for different pipe sizes should be used when possible. Outside of this discussion, there is no further guidance provided in the ASME Code for residual stress. When considering flaw growth due to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) of nickel-based alloy welds, the residual stresses due to welding form a key aspect of the loads that lead to flaw growth. For over twenty five years, analytical models have been used to calculate the through-wall residual stress distribution in weldments for use in crack growth calculations It is desired to include additional guidance related to WRS within the ASME Code in order to standardize the approach to generating this important input to flaw growth calculations. However, given the range of results provided by modeler

Kinematic Comparison of Dolphin Kicking Performed in a Prone and Supine Body Position

Underwater dolphin kicking has become an essential element in competitive swimming but little research has been performed to provide an understanding of this movement. PURPOSE: To examine hip and knee kinematics of prone and supine dolphin kicking as they relate to speed. METHODS: Six collegiate swimmers (1.77±0.07 m, 72.4±7.6 kg, 19.8±1.0 yrs) experienced with dolphin kicking completed six 10 m maximal effort underwater kicking trials; three trials in a prone position and three trials in a supine position. An underwater camera was calibrated using a projective scaling technique and subsequently used to record each trial at 60 Hz. Twelve body landmarks were digitized from the video recordings to determine whole body center of mass location and hip and knee joint angles. Data were filtered using a fourth order Butterworth low-pass digital filter with cutoff frequencies individually determined for each coordinate or each landmark. Linear velocity of the center of mass was computed using the first central difference method. Hip and knee joint ranges of motion (ROM) were compared between body positions using a 2x2 (joint x body position) repeated measures ANOVA. Kick rate (KR) and horizontal velocity of the center of mass were compared between body positions using a two-tailed dependent t-test. RESULTS: Neither horizontal velocity (t(4)=0.308, p=0.774) nor kicking rate (t(4)=0.371, p=0.730) were different between body positions (Table 1). ROM was significantly greater in the knee than the hip (F(1,4)=110.967, p 2=0.965). ROM was not affected by body position (F(1,4)=1.068, p=0.36, 2=0.211). ROM did not interact between joint and body position (F(1,4)=1.461, p=0.818, 2=0.015). CONCLUSION: Despite some recent suggestions that a supine dolphin kick may be more effective than a prone dolphin kick, no kinematic difference were observed in this sample of swimmers. Table 1. Dolphin Kicking Kinematics. PRONE SUPINE KNEE ROM (degrees) 69.7±4.5 73.6.7±6.7 HIP ROM (degrees) 37.7±8.3 40.5±9.0 HORIZONTAL VELOCITY (m/s) 1.82±1.13 1.80±1.04 KICK RATE (kicks/min) 135.0±71.9 136.4±67.

Amplification of simian retroviral sequences from human recipients of baboon liver transplants

Investigations into the use of baboons as organ donors for human transplant recipients, a procedure called xenotransplantation, have raised the specter of transmitting baboon viruses to humans and possibly establishing new human infectious diseases. Retrospective analysis of tissues from two human transplant recipients with end-stage hepatic disease who died 70 and 27 days after the transplantation of baboon livers revealed the presence of two simian retroviruses of baboon origin, simian foamy virus (SFV) and baboon endogenous virus (BaEV), in multiple tissue compartments. The presence of baboon mitochondrial DNA was also detected in these same tissues, suggesting that xenogeneic 'passenger leukocytes' harboring latent or active viral infections had migrated from the xenografts to distant sites within the human recipients. The persistence of SFV and BaEV in human recipients throughout the posttransplant period underscores the potential infectious risks associated with xenotransplantation

The three-dimensional structure of the biotin carboxylase-biotin carboxyl carrier protein complex of E. coli acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylase is a biotin-dependent, multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the regulated step in fatty acid synthesis. The Escherichia coli enzyme is composed of a homodimeric biotin carboxylase (BC), biotinylated biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and an α2β2 heterotetrameric carboxyltransferase. This enzyme complex catalyzes two half-reactions to form malonyl-coenzyme A. BC and BCCP participate in the first half-reaction, whereas carboxyltransferase and BCCP are involved in the second. Three-dimensional structures have been reported for the individual subunits; however, the structural basis for how BCCP reacts with the carboxylase or transferase is unknown. Therefore, we report here the crystal structure of E. coli BCCP complexed with BC to a resolution of 2.49 Å. The protein-protein complex shows a unique quaternary structure and two distinct interfaces for each BCCP monomer. These BCCP binding sites are unique compared to phylogenetically related biotin-dependent carboxylases and therefore provide novel targets for developing antibiotics against bacterial acetyl-CoA carboxylase. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd