Клинические и экономические преимущества применения аналогов человеческих инсулинов

to conduct analysis of basal-bolus insulin detemir/aspart in comparison with the NPH/human insulin for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 in Russia. We evaluate results of PREDICTIVE study using pharmacoeconomic analyses: «cost – effectiveness,» «cost – utility» and « budget impact». Analysis included the most widely known insulins: Protaphane®, Actrapid®, NovoRapid® and Levemir® . The period of analysis was 1 year. Additional costs for insulin transition (Protaphane® /Actrapid® to Levemir® /NovoRapid®) were 21774 rubles per patient/year, while the cost of an averted severe hypoglycemia was 24728 rubles. The reduced frequency of severe hypoglycemia (Levemir® /NovoRapid®) conпроведен анализ зарубежных исследований по применению базис-болюсной терапии инсулинами детемир/аспарт в сравнении с НПХ/человеческими инсулинами для лечения больных сахарным диабетом 1-го типа и моделирование полученных результатов в условиях Российской Федерации. Дана оценка результатов исследования PREDICTIVE. В анализ были включены наиболее широко известные инсулины: Протафан®, Актрапид®, НовоРапид® и Левемир®. Рассчитаны дополнительные затраты на инсулинотерапию при переходе со схемы Протафан® /Актрапид® на Левемир® /НовоРапид®, которые составили 21774 руб. на одного пациента в год, а предотвращенные затраты на эпизоды тяжелой гипогликемии составили 24728 руб. Снижение частоты тяжелых гипогликемий способствовало экономии денежных ресурсов при лечении инсулинами Левемир® /НовоРапид® в размере 2954 руб. на одного пациента в год, что позволяет обеспечить лекарственными препаратами 18,0% больных сахарным диабетом 1-го типа

Фармакоэкономика ВИЧ-инфекции

Ever since the first registrations of HIV-infections at the territory of the Russian Federation there was started a great process on arrangement and, subsequently, development of anti-HIV system. It should be noted, that increase of HIV screening and number of patients on antiretroviral treatment are the most important features of the system. Nevertheless, experts note the continuing growth of the size of infected population and, that is more important, the escape of HIV-epidemics from the groups with risk behaviors to the general population, therefore it is necessary to further increase the effectiveness of activities against HIV-spreading. In particular, it is necessary to use more rational (in the context of both the effectiveness, safety and cost) in present settings medical technologies. Pharmacoeconomic analysis is an appropriate instrument for these challenges. However pharmacoeconomic analysis within HIV-infection, like within all other disease areas, has some planning and conducting specialties. We formulated some key aspects of pharmacoeconomic analysis within HIV-infection: need for modelling; use of several criteria (virological, immunological, clinical and epidemiological); consideration of adherence to the therapy; consideration of complications costs; consideration of indirect costs.С момента регистрации первых случаев инфицирования ВИЧ на территории Российской Федерации была развёрнута активная работа по организации, а впоследствии и развитию системы мер для борьбы с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Среди наиболее важных элементов сложившейся системы стоит отметить возросшие масштабы скрининга ВИЧ-инфекции, а также существенно возросшее число получателей антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ). Однако, эксперты отмечают продолжающийся рост числа инфицированных и, что важнее, выход эпидемии ВИЧ-инфекции из групп риска в общую популяцию, что говорит о необходимости дополнительного повышения эффективности предпринимаемых мер по противодействию распространению инфекции. В частности, необходимо использовать наиболее рациональные (как с точки зрения эффективности и безопасности, так и с точки зрения затрат) для сложившихся условий технологии здравоохранения. Наиболее подходящим для решения этих задач инструментом является фармакоэкономический анализ. При этом проведение фармакоэкономического анализа в области ВИЧ-инфекции, равно как и в любой другой нозологии, сопряжено с необходимостью учета определенных особенностей на этапах планирования и реализации исследования. Нами были выделены некоторые ключевые особенности методики проведения фармакоэкономического анализа в рамках оценки технологий здравоохранения в области ВИЧ-инфекции: необходимость применения моделирования; использование нескольких критериев эффективности (вирусологические, иммунологические, клинические, эпидемиологические); учет приверженности к анализируемой терапии; учет затрат, обусловленных осложнениями; учет непрямых затрат

CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF HUMAN INSULIN ANALOGUESUSE

to conduct analysis of basal-bolus insulin detemir/aspart in comparison with the NPH/human insulin for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 in Russia. We evaluate results of PREDICTIVE study using pharmacoeconomic analyses: «cost – effectiveness,» «cost – utility» and « budget impact». Analysis included the most widely known insulins: Protaphane®, Actrapid®, NovoRapid® and Levemir® . The period of analysis was 1 year. Additional costs for insulin transition (Protaphane® /Actrapid® to Levemir® /NovoRapid®) were 21774 rubles per patient/year, while the cost of an averted severe hypoglycemia was 24728 rubles. The reduced frequency of severe hypoglycemia (Levemir® /NovoRapid®) co

Risks of Mass Concentrations of Birds

© 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The basis of an urban ornitotsenoz is formed by several synanthropic mass bird species whose numbers are hundreds of times larger than the small and rare species. The vital activity of mass species leads to undesirable consequences for humans, reduces the biological diversity of ornithocene. Populations of synanthropic birds are reservoir and source of pathogens of dangerous zoonoses and zooantroponoses. The contact between the bird and the man takes place in the places of their accumulation: at transport stops, in parks and feeding places. To identify the percentage of patients with chlamydia rock pigeons in the city of Kazan were investigated in the serum and the pathological material of pigeons that live in different parts of the city. By managing the factors influencing on magnitude of population it is necessary to increase stability of a city ornitotsenoz. The stability of the urban ornithocenosis is a necessary condition for a healthy environment

Approaches to Management of Anthropogenic Eutrophication Caused by Loading from Mineral Fertilizers

© 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The main driving force for eutrophication of water bodies are biogenic elements (compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon). These elements are the most important components of natural waters, which determine biological productivity. In this work, an approach based on taking into account hydrometeorological values is developed with the aim of limiting the entry of nutrient elements into the surface with runoff from agrarian lands (for example, the Kazanka River). The results of a joint analysis of the temperature and atmospheric precipitation regime, the dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application, and the concentrations of nutrients in the water of the river Kazanka are given. Regression equations describing the dependence of the concentrations of nutrient substances on the investigated factors are obtained

Approaches to Management of Anthropogenic Eutrophication Caused by Loading from Mineral Fertilizers

© 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The main driving force for eutrophication of water bodies are biogenic elements (compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon). These elements are the most important components of natural waters, which determine biological productivity. In this work, an approach based on taking into account hydrometeorological values is developed with the aim of limiting the entry of nutrient elements into the surface with runoff from agrarian lands (for example, the Kazanka River). The results of a joint analysis of the temperature and atmospheric precipitation regime, the dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application, and the concentrations of nutrients in the water of the river Kazanka are given. Regression equations describing the dependence of the concentrations of nutrient substances on the investigated factors are obtained

Risks of Mass Concentrations of Birds

© 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The basis of an urban ornitotsenoz is formed by several synanthropic mass bird species whose numbers are hundreds of times larger than the small and rare species. The vital activity of mass species leads to undesirable consequences for humans, reduces the biological diversity of ornithocene. Populations of synanthropic birds are reservoir and source of pathogens of dangerous zoonoses and zooantroponoses. The contact between the bird and the man takes place in the places of their accumulation: at transport stops, in parks and feeding places. To identify the percentage of patients with chlamydia rock pigeons in the city of Kazan were investigated in the serum and the pathological material of pigeons that live in different parts of the city. By managing the factors influencing on magnitude of population it is necessary to increase stability of a city ornitotsenoz. The stability of the urban ornithocenosis is a necessary condition for a healthy environment

Pharmacoeconomics of HIV-infection

Ever since the first registrations of HIV-infections at the territory of the Russian Federation there was started a great process on arrangement and, subsequently, development of anti-HIV system. It should be noted, that increase of HIV screening and number of patients on antiretroviral treatment are the most important features of the system. Nevertheless, experts note the continuing growth of the size of infected population and, that is more important, the escape of HIV-epidemics from the groups with risk behaviors to the general population, therefore it is necessary to further increase the effectiveness of activities against HIV-spreading. In particular, it is necessary to use more rational (in the context of both the effectiveness, safety and cost) in present settings medical technologies. Pharmacoeconomic analysis is an appropriate instrument for these challenges. However pharmacoeconomic analysis within HIV-infection, like within all other disease areas, has some planning and conducting specialties. We formulated some key aspects of pharmacoeconomic analysis within HIV-infection: need for modelling; use of several criteria (virological, immunological, clinical and epidemiological); consideration of adherence to the therapy; consideration of complications costs; consideration of indirect costs

Risk factors of adolescent health: mass poll results

Objective. To study the risk factors of noncommunicable disease spread in adolescents based on the mass pole results.Methods. The authors conducted four waves of study within the framework of the monitoring project “Risk factors for human health” in 2014–2017. The study included a multistage stratified territorial random sample of 1,691 patients over 11 years. The research population included 170 adolescents (11–19 years) (10%).Results. An adverse profile of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases was predetermined by: overweight in adolescents (10%), increased blood pressure (18%), unfavorable history of cardiovascular events in close relatives (60–70%), nutritional disorders (80–96%) , low level of physical activity (5%), smoking (20%), and alcohol consumption (26% of respondents). The body weight deficiency (35%) and overweight (10%), along with sufficient consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits in only 7% of cases reflects gross malnutrition of adolescents, which determines their future development. Awareness of adolescents of the main risk factors for noncommunicable diseases remains low (less than 30–40% for different factors). The example of close relatives, friends and stressful situations predetermine the emergence of bad habits (consumption of alcohol and tobacco) in adolescents.Scope of application. Pediatrics, public health, epidemiology.Conclusion. In order to correct adverse risk factors of noncommunicable diseases, it is necessary to attract a wide range of specialists, including intensive family and personal psychological consultations with adolescents. These measures will motivate adolescents to a healthy lifestyle and reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases in the population of the Russian Federation