Immunological features of allergic rhinitis in combination with chronic rhinosinusitis of bacterial etiology

Rhinitis is a socially significant and widespread disease. Often, various forms of rhinitis are combined, and thus cause severe clinical manifestations, insufficient effectiveness of drug treatment, as well as difficulties in differential diagnosis. It is known that a significant number of patients have a combination of allergic rhinitis (AR) with chronic rhinosinusitis of bacterial etiology. This condition is based on a chronic multifactorial inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, which determines the steady progression of the disease. Of interest is the study of a number of allergo-immunological parameters in nasal secretions in order to assess local inflammation and changes in mucosal immunity in allergic rhinitis in combination with chronic rhinosinusitis of bacterial etiology (AR with HRSBE). Mucosal immunity and biological mediators determine local inflammation and pathophysiological response to etiological factors in the immunopathogenesis of AR with CRSBE. The work carried out the determination of the level of cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, TGF-â1, IFNã spontaneous and induced; immunoglobulins: IgA, IgM, IgG, sIgA in nasal secretions; leukotrienes: LT C4/ D4/E4 and LTB4 in plasma and total IgE in serum in patients with AR with moderate-severity HRSBE without exacerbation. It has been shown that the leading role in the formation of the inflammatory process in AR with CRSBE belongs to cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, TGF-â; immunoglobulins: IgM, sIgA; leukotrienes: LT C4/D4/E4 and LTB4 and total IgE. Induced cytokine production largely reflects the reserve capabilities of immunocompetent cells in response to the action of a pathogenic factor. The results obtained are associated with the persistent course of allergic and infectious inflammation and the progression of the disease. Thus, cytokines: IL-4, IL-10, TGF-â1; immunoglobulins: IgM, sIgA, IgE total and LT C4/D4/E4 and LTB4 make a significant contribution to pathogenetic mechanisms, determining the clinical course of AR with CRSBE, and can serve as biological markers of the activity of the pathological process. Undoubtedly, the immune mechanisms in the combined pathological inflammatory reaction from the mucosa in AR with HRSBE are complex and multifaceted. A personalized approach to the treatment of patients with AR with CRSBE is determined by the severity and intensity of the inflammatory reaction, as well as mucosal mucosal immunity disorders. The study of the role and significance of the production of leading cytokines, immunoglobulins in nasal secretions, as well as leukotrienes and total IgE in the blood will help the doctor in determining the tactics and duration of pharmacotherapy

‘In vivo’ optical approaches to angiogenesis imaging

In recent years, molecular imaging gained significant importance in biomedical research. Optical imaging developed into a modality which enables the visualization and quantification of all kinds of cellular processes and cancerous cell growth in small animals. Novel gene reporter mice and cell lines and the development of targeted and cleavable fluorescent “smart” probes form a powerful imaging toolbox. The development of systems collecting tomographic bioluminescence and fluorescence data enabled even more spatial accuracy and more quantitative measurements. Here we describe various bioluminescent and fluorescent gene reporter models and probes that can be used to specifically image and quantify neovascularization or the angiogenic process itself

Military Service as a Type of Public Service in the Russian Federation

The article discusses the norms set by the Federal Law ‘On Military Duty and Military Service’ adopted in 1998. Between 1998 and 2020, the law was amended 127 times. It regulates military service as a kind of public service: in fact, military service is the only public service where people are enlisted through voluntary recruitment or through conscription. In Russia, military service is mandatory for all male citizens aged 18-27. The law clarifies in detail the concept of ‘military duty’, the procedure of enlistment in the military, describes military posts and ranks, sets the active duty age limit, and so on.В статье рассматриваются нормы Федерального закона «О воинской обязанности и военной службе», принятого в 1998 г., в который до конца 2020 г. внесено 127 изменений и дополнений. Этот закон регламентирует один из видов государственной службы, входящих в систему государственной службы РФ. Это единственная госслужба, в которую граждане принимаются не только по контракту, добровольно, но и по призыву в возрасте от 18 до 27 лет. В связи с этим в законе подробно раскрываются понятие «воинская обязанность», особенности зачисления на военную службу, ее прохождения, определяются воинские должности и звания, предельный возраст пребывания на военной службе и другие вопросы

Полихлорированные дибензо-п-диоксины и фураны: методы анализа, распределение по территории Москвы и применение к ним методов биотестирования

The review presents data on chemical-analytical methods of PCDD, PCDF determination and biotesting methods used for toxicological assessment of pollutants. Distribution of PCDDs, PCDFs on the territory of Moscow is analyzed. Analysis of publications of Russian and foreign authors showed that the currently existing methods of biotesting are in fact untested for dioxins. In order to quickly establish the toxicological effect of persistent organic pollutants in soil, it is suggested to use biotesting methods, with inclusion of test organisms representing the main trophic levels of ecosystems: producers, consumers, and decomposers.Приведены данные по химико-аналитическим методам определения ПХДД, ПХДФ и методам биотестирования, применяемым для токсикологической оценки загрязняющих веществ. Проанализировано распределение ПХДД, ПХДФ по территории Москвы. Анализ публикаций российских и зарубежных авторов показал, что существующие на настоящий момент методы биотестирования фактически не отработаны на диоксинах. Для быстрого установления токсикологического эффекта стойких органических загрязнителей в почве предлагается использование методов биотестирования, с включением тест-организмов, представляющих основные трофические уровни экосистем: продуцентов, консументов, редуцентов

Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with atopic dermatitis in Volga-Ural region of Russia

Poster session 46: Mechanisms of atopic dermatiti

Unraveling the early-middle Paleozoic paleogeography of Kazakhstan on the basis of Ordovician and Devonian paleomagnetic results

It is a common concept that different tectonic units in the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt were united into the landmass of the Kazakhstania continent in the Paleozoic but many important details of its history remain enigmatic and controversial. Recently published paleomagnetic data from this region demonstrate that the ~. 2000. km long horseshoe-shaped Devonian Volcanic Belt was created by oroclinal bending of an originally rectilinear active margin of Kazakhstania. Still, the Silurian and Devonian paleomagnetic results which this interpretation is based upon are limited and unevenly spread along the belt, and additional middle Paleozoic data are highly desirable. Accordingly, we studied three mid-Paleozoic objects from different segments of this volcanic belt. Two of the three new objects yielded paleomagnetic directions that fit perfectly into the oroclinal scenario, whereas the third one provided no interpretable data. The earlier history of Kazakhstania, however, remains misty. We obtained three new Ordovician results in north-central Kazakhstan and found similar inclinations but widely dissimilar declinations. Previously published data show a large scatter of Ordovician declinations in South Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan as well. We analyzed all seven Middle-Late Ordovician paleolatitudes and came to the conclusion that a nearly E-W trending active margin of the Kazakhstania landmass had existed at low (~. 10°S) latitudes at that time. We hypothesize that this margin of the Kazakhstania landmass collided with another island arc, called Baydaulet-Akbastau, and with the Aktau-Junggar microcontinent by the Ordovician-Silurian boundary. As a result of this collision, subduction ceased, and regional deformation, magmatism, and rotations of crustal fragments took place in most of Kazakhstania. In Silurian time, Kazakhstania moved northward crossing the equator and rotating clockwise by ~ 45°. This changed the orientation of the Kazakhstania to NW-SE, and thereby established the (rectilinear) predecessor of the modern curved Devonian Volcanic Belt