Critical analysis of factors determining sustainable development of territories in a strategic perspective

The main interpretations of terms, development trends, foreign and domestic experience within the concept of sustainable development of territories have been considered. The importance of cooperative interaction and cooperation between actors in the same area in the context of existing constraints, barriers and opportunities for the deployment of the processes under consideration, has been confirmed. A statistical comparative analysis of the dynamics of changing trends in the interaction between research organisations and industrial enterprises of the regions has been carried out in comparison with Russian and global trends. The interrelationships between the key factors relating to financial support processes, infrastructure capacity and the research and education component have been revealed and their impact on territorial development has been highlighted. Scientific research methods such as analysis and generalization and correlation analysis were used within the framework of the article

Application of multivariate statistical analysis for delineation of prospective geochemical anomalies in Providenskaya Area (Chukotka, Russia)

The secondary geochemical field structure was modelled on the basis of the lithogeochemical dispersion trains of the Providenskaya Area of the Chukotka Peninsula. The factor and cluster analysis were applied to interpret the nature of geochemical anomalies. It was proved that a range of anomalies were prospective for gold-silver, polymetallic, tin, and tungsten deposit allocation

Transformation of Udmurt Geographical Names

The ways of transfer into Russian language of Udmurt place names, mainly the names of settlements of the Udmurt Republic and adjacent territories where the Udmurt people live are considered. The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that the language contacts of the Udmurts with the Russians could not but affect the toponymy of the region, and in the official documents the Udmurt names of settlements are recorded in the form adapted by the Russian language. The analysis of the extinct and currently functioning place names allowed the authors to testify that in the process of historical development and interaction of languages, most of the Udmurt geographical names are subject to various modifications. Different types of transformations are identified and studied: transliteration, phonetic, morphological and lexical transformations, reduction (simplification), translation or calking, rethinking, renaming (denomination). It is shown that these changes are not random, but are subject to the general laws of the language. The authors conclude that the main reason for the modification of Udmurt place names in the transmission to the Russian language is the difference in typological features of Slavic and Finno-Ugric languages. There are many examples to prove that in development of foreign names by the Russian language there is a complete or partial transformation of foreign elements of the source language, in addition, their own elements are added

A theoretical study of the structural phases of Group 5B - 6B metals and their transport properties

In order to predict the stable and metastable phases of the bcc metals in the block of the Periodic Table defined by groups 5B to 6B and periods 4 to 6, as well as the structure dependence of their transport properties, we have performed full potential computations of the total energies per unit cell as a function of the c/a ratio at constant experimental volume. In all cases, a metastable body centered tetragonal (bct) phase was predicted from the calculations. The total energy differences between the calculated stable and metastable phases ranged from 0.09 eV/cell (vanadium) to 0.39 eV/cell (tungsten). The trends in resistivity as a function of structure and atomic number are discussed in terms of a model of electron transport in metals. Theoretical calculations of the electrical resistivity and other transport properties show that bct phases derived from group 5B elements are more conductive than the corresponding bcc phases, while bct phases formed from group 6B elements are less conductive than the corresponding bcc phases. Special attention is paid to the phases of tantalum where we show that the frequently observed beta phase is not a simple tetragonal distortion of bcc tantalum

Институт цифровых прав в гражданском праве России

The subject of the study is the institution of digital rights, which has recently been enshrined in Russian legislation. This topic is relevant since the definition of digital rights causes numerous discussions and disputes. Practice on this issue has not yet developed, and there are conflicts in the current legislation. The purpose of the article is to consider the scope of digital rights and define the category "digital rights", given that there is a deep difference between its broad and narrow definitions. The following tasks have been solved to achieve this goal: (1) to consider the regulatory framework governing digital rights; (2) to analyze the main approaches to the definition of digital rights; (3) to study various definitions of digital objects; (4) to highlight the main characteristics of digital objects; (5) to propose original definitions of "digital rights" and "digital objects".Methodology. The authors use the general scientific dialectical method, as well as formallegal, system-structural, formal-logical methods and methods of cognition. The synergetic method is used to clarify the main features of digital rights. It allows isolating new rules and reality from the creative potential of chaos.The main results and the scope of the study. Considering law as a variable phenomenon, it has been proved that it is constantly changing. Analysis allows the authors to conclude that digital rights are an independent special type of rights that arise only in relation to digital objects created in digital form. The features of digital rights include: digital format, occurrence only in the cyber-physical space, consolidation in the form of software algorithms, the accounting system is carried out without an intermediary, the owner’s digital rights are realized with access to the Internet and a key in the form of login.The main qualitative characteristics of digital objects include the following: digital objects are not material; in some cases, they cannot be materialized and there is no need for that; digital objects are created using modern high-tech systems; it is possible to make transactions with digital objects only in the cyber-physical space; the right of inheritance for some digital objects is limited to inheritance by will due to the peculiarities of ownership of these objects; digital objects can be disposed of without the participation of third parties and intermediaries; transactions with digital assets are confidential.Conclusions. Based on the study results, original definitions of "digital rights" and "digital objects" have been proposed. Digital right is a digital algorithm that enshrines the powers of individuals and legal entities to own, use, and alienate digital objects of civil rights in hightech systems, given that technical means provide the owner with the opportunity to exercise their powers. Digital objects represent an independent legal category, which is a cryptographic code that gives the owner the right to perform any actions with it - to own, dispose of, alienate, make transactions, and other actions not prohibited by law. Legislative amendments to the current Russian legislation are developed.Предметом исследования является институт цифровых прав в гражданском праве России. Цель статьи – рассмотреть объем цифровых прав и дать определение категории «цифровые права», учитывая, что между широким и узкоспециальным определением существует глубокое различие. Для реализации поставленной цели решаются следующие задачи: 1) рассмотреть нормативную базу, регламентирующую цифровые права; 2) проанализировать основные подходы к определению цифровых прав; 3) изучить различные дефиниции определения «цифровые объекты»; 4) выделить основные характеристики цифровых объектов; 5) предложить авторские определения «цифровых прав» и «цифровых объектов». В исследовании использован общенаучный диалектический метод, а также формально-юридический, системно-структурный, формально-логический методы познания. Синергетический метод использовался для выяснения особенностей и основных признаков цифровых прав, он позволил из созидательного потенциала хаоса вычленить новые правила и новую реальность. Проведенный анализ позволил сделать вывод, что цифровые права являются самостоятельным особым видом прав, которые возникают только в отношении цифровых объектов, созданных в цифровой форме. К особенностям цифровых прав следует отнести: цифровой формат, возникновение только в киберфизическом пространстве, закрепление в виде программного алгоритма, осуществление системы учета без посредника, реализация цифровых прав собственника при наличии доступа к сети «Интернет» и ключа в виде логина. Авторы дали узкоспециальные опредления «цифровых прав» и «цифровых объектов», предложили законодательные поправки

The managerial mechanism of future competitive technical specialists vocational training: The Russian experience

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The relevance of the paper is reasoned by the search for adequate mechanisms to manage vocational training of future competitive technical specialists. Modern economies demand the training of technical specialists’ new generation ready to project and engineering, production and technological, organizational and management, science and research, service and operational professional activities, as well as the fulfillment of skilled work using modern equipment for the developed technological process. One of the variants of the organization of vocational training of future competitive technical specialists is based on the integration of educational curricula of different levels (primary, secondary and high). The purpose of the paper is to develop a managerial mechanism for future competitive technical specialists’ training based on the integration of educational curricula at different levels (primary, secondary and high). The leading method is the method of action research, allowing obtain new knowledge on the managerial mechanism for vocational training of specialists, capable of a certain type of practical activities, self-organization and competitiveness on the labor market through the integration of primary, secondary and high levels of educational curricula. The article defines the essence of integrated educational curricula of primary, secondary and high levels of vocational training; it justifies the organization of control and assessment procedures of students’ vocational training through the integration of educational curricula at different levels; proposes an algorithm of students’ selection to study on integrated educational curricula. Paper Submissions can be useful for research and teaching staff of technical specialists’ vocational training system, experts of training and retraining centers in the training content’s selection and structuring of research universities’ scientific and pedagogical staff development

Light absorption by polar and non-polar aerosol compounds from laboratory biomass combustion

Fresh and atmospherically aged biomass-burning (BB) aerosol mass is mostly comprised of strongly light-absorbing black carbon (BC) and of organic carbon (OC) with its light-absorbing fraction – brown carbon (BrC). There is a lack of data on the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric BB aerosols, leading to high uncertainties in estimates of the BB impact on air quality and climate, especially for BrC. The polarity of chemical compounds influences their fate in the atmosphere including wet/dry deposition and chemical and physical processing. So far, most of the attention has been given to the water-soluble (polar) fraction of BrC, while the non-polar BrC fraction has been largely ignored. In the present study, the light absorption properties of polar and non-polar fractions of fresh and aged BB emissions were examined to estimate the contribution of different-polarity organic compounds to the light absorption properties of BB aerosols. In our experiments, four globally and regionally important fuels were burned under flaming and smoldering conditions in the Desert Research Institute (DRI) combustion chamber. To mimic atmospheric oxidation processes (5–7 days), BB emissions were aged using an oxidation flow reactor (OFR). Fresh and OFR-aged BB aerosols were collected on filters and extracted with water and hexane to study absorption properties of polar and non-polar organic species. Results of spectrophotometric measurements (absorption weighted by the solar spectrum and normalized to mass of fuel consumed) over the 190 to 900nm wavelength range showed that the non-polar (hexane-soluble) fraction is 2–3 times more absorbing than the polar (water-soluble) fraction. However, for emissions from fuels that undergo flaming combustion, an increased absorbance was observed for the water extracts of oxidized/aged emissions while the absorption of the hexane extracts was lower for the aged emissions for the same type of fuels. Absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) values, computed based on absorbance values from spectrophotometer measurements, were changed with aging and the nature of this change was fuel dependent. The light absorption by humic-like substances (HULIS) was found to be higher in fuels characteristic of the southwestern USA. The absorption of the HULIS fraction was lower for OFR-aged BB emissions. Comparison of the light absorption properties of different-polarity extracts (water, hexane, HULIS) provides insight into the chemical nature of BB BrC and its transformation during oxidation processes

Year-round radiocarbon-based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols at two background sites in South Asia

Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC), regional-scale haze events, are a significant concern for both human cardiopulmonary health and regional climate impacts. In order to effectively mitigate this pollution-based phenomenon, it is imperative to understand the magnitude, scope and source of ABC in regions such as South Asia. Two sites in S. Asia were chosen for a 15-month field campaign focused on isotope-based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols in 2008-2009. Both the Maldives Climate Observatory in Hanimaadhoo (MCOH) and a mountaintop site in Sinhagad, India (SINH) act as regionally mixed receptor sites. Annual radiocarbon-based source apportionment for soot elemental carbon (SEC) at MCOH and SINH revealed 73 6 and 59 5 contribution from biomass combustion, respectively (remainder from fossil fuel). The contributions from biogenic/biomass combustion to total organic carbon were similar between MCOH and SINH (69 5 and 64 5, respectively). The biomass combustion contribution for SEC in the current study, especially the results from MCOH, shows good agreement with published black carbon emissions inventories for India. Geographic source assessment, including clustered back trajectory analysis and carbon contribution by source region, indicated that the highest SEC/TOC loads originated from the W. Indian coastal margin, including the coastal city of Mumbai, India. The winter dry season 14C-based source apportionment of the BC-tracing SEC fraction for 2006, 2008, 2009 were not statistically different (p = 0.7) and point to a near-constant two-thirds contribution from biomass combustion practices, including wood and other biofuels as well as burning of agricultural crop residues

ПОДБОР ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПОЛИКАПИЛЛЯРНОЙ КОЛОНКИ ДЛЯ ПОРТАТИВНЫХ ГАЗОАНАЛИЗАТОРОВ ПО ИНДЕКСАМ КОВАЧА

Short straight multicapillary columns (MCC) allow for fast gas chromatographic separation. However, their limited efficiency makes it difficult to use them for the analysis of multicomponent mixtures. Therefore, it is important to preliminarily evaluate the possibility of separation of target substances, based on the available information about their characteristics, in particular, by retention indices (RI). The paper provides an example of the choice of MCC and chromatographic conditions for the separation of explosives in stationary phases OV-5 and SE-54. To find the correspondence of the retention indices of the target substances with their retention factors k on the studied MCCs, the retention times of C10−C19 n-alkanes were experimentally determined at different column temperatures. Then the dependences of the calculated lnk on the quantity of carbon atoms m in n-alkanes CmH2m+2  were plotted and approximated by linear functions ln k = a + bm and their coefficients a and b were found for each temperature. From where, it was easy to calculate the retention factors of the target substances by their RI, assuming that RI = m·100, as well as to estimate the MCC efficiency required to separate neighboring peaks to obtain the desired level of separation. Based on the obtained equations, the explosives retention factors for MCCs at different temperatures were calculated and their required efficiency for separating adjacent peaks was estimated. The retention factors experimentally determined for some explosives on the MCCs at 140 °C turned out to be quite close to the theoretically calculated ones. In the future, the similar approach can be used to predict the possibility of gas chromatographic separation of mixtures of dangerous substances such as narcotic drugs.Key words: fast gas chromatography, multicapillary column, chromatographic column selection, retention indices, explosivesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2022.26.1.003A.P. Efimenko1, I.I. Naumenko2, E.V.Kirillova3, A.A. Shorokhov31Multichrom ltd., Arbusova str. 4a,  b. 1, Novosibirsk, 630117,Russian Federation2Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090,Russian Federation 3«SPO «Analitpribor», Babushkina str. 3, Smolensk, 214031, Russian FederationКороткие прямые поликапиллярные колонки (ПКК) позволяют проводить быстрые газохроматографические разделения, однако их ограниченная эффективность требует тщательного подбора ПКК при анализе многокомпонентных смесей. Поэтому при решении конкретной аналитической задачи актуально предварительно оценить возможность разделения целевых веществ, опираться на доступные сведения об их характеристиках, в частности, на индексы удерживания (RI). В настоящей работе приведен пример подбора ПКК и условий хроматографирования для разделения смесей взрывчатых веществ (ВВ) на неподвижных фазах (НФ) OV-5 и SE-54, выбранных нами из-за того, что известные индексы удерживания ВВ в основном определены на НФ подобного состава. Для нахождения соответствия индексов удерживания целевых веществ с их фактором удерживания k на исследуемых ПКК экспериментально были определены времена удерживания н-алканов С10 – С19 при различных температурах колонок, после чего построены зависимости рассчитанных ln k от числа атомов углерода m в н-алканах CmH2m+2 и аппроксимацией линейной функцией ln k = a + bm для каждой температуры найдены коэффициенты аппроксимации a и b. Откуда легко можно было вычислить факторы удерживания целевых веществ по их RI, считая, что RI = m·100, а также оценить эффективность ПКК, достаточную для разделения соседних пиков целевых веществ с необходимой степенью разделения. На основании полученных уравнений рассчитаны факторы удерживания ВВ для ПКК при разных температурах и оценена необходимая эффективность для разделения соседних пиков. Экспериментально определенные для некоторых ВВ факторы удерживания на ПКК с исследуемыми НФ при 140 оС оказались достаточно близки к теоретически рассчитанным. В дальнейшем подобный подход может быть использован для прогноза возможности газохроматографического разделения смесей опасных веществ или соединений, обращение с которыми имеет законодательные ограничения.Ключевые слова: экспрессная газовая хроматография, поликапиллярные колонки, подбор хроматографических колонок, индексы удерживания, взрывчатые веществаDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2022.26.1.00