Sports Participation and Social Personality Variable of Students in Secondary Schools in Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria

The main thrust of this study was to investigate sports participation and social personality variable of students in secondary schools in Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria.  To achieve the purpose of this study, one hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. Literature review was carried out according to the variable of the study. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of five hundred (500) respondents was randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through the Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Independent t-test analysis was employed to test the hypothesis under study. The hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that, there is a significant difference in the physical variablesof secondary school students who participate and those who do not participate in sports. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that students should endeavour to take home the crusade of sports participation to further foster their interpersonal relationship with others around their neighbourhood and community and again, the physical education teachers who are the custodians of sports in these schools, should make sure that every student takes active part in sports during training sessions

Exercise: A Therapy for Physical and Mental Fitness of School Children

The enhancement and maintenance of physical and mental fitness of the pupils in school is one of the cordial objectives of every good education system. Physical fitness does not only imply the absence of diseases or deformities, but the ability of the pupils to undertake their studies efficiently and effectively each day without undue fatigue imposed by any of the systems of the body and to have reserve energy for other activities at home. Physical and mental fitness cannot be developed and maintained mainly by reading them in books. They are attained through participation in regular graded physical exercises outside the classroom in the open air. This was the primary preoccupation of the classroom teachers in the forties and fifties. Today the story is different. Teachers do no longer pay attention to the development and maintenance of physical and mental fitness of the children. Consequently, the physical and mental fitness of the pupils has dropped tremendously and school administrators are virtually powerless to do anything about it

Female Genital Mutilation and Early Marriage: A Violent on the Health of the Girl-Child in Boki Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

This study investigates the effects of female genital mutilation and early marriage as violence on the health of the girl-child in Boki Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Survey research design was adopted for this study. A sample of two hundred (200) respondents was randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. It was constructed by the researchers with the help of some measurement experts that gave its face and content validity. To test the hypotheses and ascertain whether to accept or reject them, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis was considered appropriate because of the nature of variables involved. The 0.05 levels of significant were used for the statistical testing of each hypothesis with a critical value and degree of freedom. The result shows that there is significant effect of female genital mutilation and early marriage on the health of the girl-child. Based on these findings some recommendations and suggestions for further studies were made

Effects of Livelihood Sustenance Activities on Off-Farm Income of Poultry Farmers in IMO State, Nigeria

The study analysed the off farm income and its effect on livelihood sustenance of poultry farmers in Imo state.Multistage sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents. Data for the study were obtained with the aid of structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least square bivariate regression model. Results showed that: the mean off-farm income of poultry farmers was N410223 per annum. Livelihood sustenance activities of poultry farmers positively and significantly affected their off-farm income. It is recommend that government should come up policies that will center on establishment of more livelihood sustenance activities for poultry farmers that will generate increased off-farm income and promote agricultural development simultaneously

Levels of Salivary Immunoglobulin A and Immunoglobulin G in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of glucose metabolism and it is associated with a compromised oral immunity. Salivary immunoglobulins offer a comprehensive protection for the oral cavity; however, there is insufficient data regarding their levels in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to measure salivary Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in diabetic patients in comparison to healthy nondiabetic controls. Methods: Diabetic patients from the outpatient clinic and nondiabetic healthy members of staff, were recruited for this study. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all participants and levels of immunoglobulins A and G were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques; the values were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 167 participants were recruited for this study, 95 (56.9%) of them were diabetic patients, while the remaining 72 (43.1%) were healthy nondiabetic controls. The median salivary IgA was 12.57 (Interquartile range [IQR] 11.05–13.67) g/ml in the diabetics and 11.94 (IQR 10.41–13.65) µg/ml in the control group; P = 0.31 while the median salivary IgG was 32.27 (IQR 25.26–38.33) µg/ml in the diabetics and 26.26 (22.48–31.29) µg/ml in the control group; P < 0.001. Conclusion: Salivary IgG was significantly elevated in the diabetic patients, in spite of a higher prevalence of oral infections, this calls for a more stringent attention to oral hygiene in diabetic patients