Travels in Architectural History

"Travel": Special collection 2016-2017 for the EAHN open access journal, Architectural Histories. 10 original essays stemming from an international call for papers; all double-blind peer reviewed following a pre-selection. This Special Collection explores how travel, as a collective and individual practice, has been implicated in diverse architectural cultures across a wide range of periods and geographies. It offers new perspectives on the architect’s journey, examines representations of places by travellers, and considers the place of architecture within modern tourist itineraries and practices. Travel is a powerful force in shaping the perception of the modern world and plays an ever-growing role within architectural and urban cultures. Inextricably linked to political and ideological issues, travel redefines places and landscapes through new transport infrastructures and buildings. Architecture, in turn, is reconstructed through visual and textual narratives produced by scores of modern travellers – including writers and artists along with architects themselves. In the age of the camera, travel is bound up with new kinds of imaginaries; private records and recollections often mingle with official, stereotyped views, as the value of architectural heritage increasingly rests on the mechanical reproduction of its images. Whilst students often learn about architectural history through image collections, the place of the journey in the formation of the architect itself shifts. No longer a lone and passionate antiquarian or an itinerant designer, the modern architect eagerly hops on buses, trains and planes in pursuit of personal as well as professional interests. Increasingly built on a presumption of mobility, architectural culture integrates travel into cultural debates and design experiments. By addressing such issues from a variety of perspectives, this collection prompts us to rethink the mobile conditions in which architecture has historically been produced and received

The stochastic joint replenishment problem: A new policy, analysis, and insights

In this study, we propose a new parsimonious policy for the stochastic joint replenishment problem in a single-location, N-item setting. The replenishment decisions are based on both group reorder point-group order quantity and the time since the last decision epoch. We derive the expressions for the key operating characteristics of the inventory system for both unit and compound Poisson demands. In a comprehensive numerical study, we compare the performance of the proposed policy with that of existing ones over a standard test bed. Our numerical results indicate that the proposed policy dominates the existing ones in 100 of 139 instances with comparably significant savings for unit demands. With batch demands, the savings increase as the stochasticity of demand size gets larger. We also observe that it performs well in environments with low demand diversity across items. The inventory system herein also models a two-echelon setting with a single item, multiple retailers, and cross docking at the upper echelon. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

The efficiency of β-cyclodextrin in the post-dyeing removal of hydrolyzed reactive dyes

Reaktivna bojila su skupina bojila koja se najviše upotrebljavaju za bojadisanje celuloznih vlakana. Tijekom postupka bojadisanja ovim bojilima, hidroliza bojila može uzrokovati smanjenje učinkovitosti bojadisanja i otežano ispiranje bojila nakon bojadisanja. Uklanjanje hidroliziranog bojila s materijala postupkom ispiranja je vrlo važno kako bi se postigla dobra svojstva postojanosti obojenja. U ovom radu istraživana je primjena β-ciklodekstrina, nano-tvari sastavljene od 7 D-glukopiranozil jedinica povezanih alfa-(1,4) glikozidnim vezama, čime se pospješuje ispiranje hidroliziranog bojila nakon provedbe bojadisanja. Prema dobivenim rezultatima može se reći da je moguća primjena β-ciklodekstrina u ispiranju nakon bojadisanja reaktivnim bojilima za bojila koja s njima stvaraju (inclusion) komplekse.Reactive dyes are the most commonly used dye class in cellulosic fibers dyeing. But during dyeing with these dyes, the hydrolyzation of dye may decrease dyeing efficiency and may cause the washing treatments after dyeing to be much harder. It is very important to remove hydrolyzed reactive dye from the textile material by washing treatments to obtain the desired fastness properties. In this research, usage possibilities of β-cyclodextrins, that are nano-substances structurally consist of 7 D-glucopyranosyl units connected by alpha-(1,4) glycosidic linkages, to enhance hydrolyzed reactive dye in washing treatments after reactive dyeing were investigated. According to the experimental results, it can be said that usage of β-cyclodextrins is possible in washing treatments after reactive dyeing for dyes which form inclusion complex with it

The efficiency of β-cyclodextrin in the post-dyeing removal of hydrolyzed reactive dyes

Reaktivna bojila su skupina bojila koja se najviše upotrebljavaju za bojadisanje celuloznih vlakana. Tijekom postupka bojadisanja ovim bojilima, hidroliza bojila može uzrokovati smanjenje učinkovitosti bojadisanja i otežano ispiranje bojila nakon bojadisanja. Uklanjanje hidroliziranog bojila s materijala postupkom ispiranja je vrlo važno kako bi se postigla dobra svojstva postojanosti obojenja. U ovom radu istraživana je primjena β-ciklodekstrina, nano-tvari sastavljene od 7 D-glukopiranozil jedinica povezanih alfa-(1,4) glikozidnim vezama, čime se pospješuje ispiranje hidroliziranog bojila nakon provedbe bojadisanja. Prema dobivenim rezultatima može se reći da je moguća primjena β-ciklodekstrina u ispiranju nakon bojadisanja reaktivnim bojilima za bojila koja s njima stvaraju (inclusion) komplekse.Reactive dyes are the most commonly used dye class in cellulosic fibers dyeing. But during dyeing with these dyes, the hydrolyzation of dye may decrease dyeing efficiency and may cause the washing treatments after dyeing to be much harder. It is very important to remove hydrolyzed reactive dye from the textile material by washing treatments to obtain the desired fastness properties. In this research, usage possibilities of β-cyclodextrins, that are nano-substances structurally consist of 7 D-glucopyranosyl units connected by alpha-(1,4) glycosidic linkages, to enhance hydrolyzed reactive dye in washing treatments after reactive dyeing were investigated. According to the experimental results, it can be said that usage of β-cyclodextrins is possible in washing treatments after reactive dyeing for dyes which form inclusion complex with it

The effect of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on angiographic parameters according to diabetic status in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction

Aim. We aimed to compare post-interventional angiographic outcomes of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel according to glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Material and methods. The study included a total of 532 patients, with 334 receiving ticagrelor (62,8%) and 198 clopidogrel (37,2%). Diabetic status of the patients was assessed with HbA1c. TIMI flow grade and TIMI frame count were calculated and compared between two groups.Results. TIMI flow grade 3 was higher and TFC was lower after percutaneous coronary intervention of the infarct-related artery in patients treated with ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel (89,2% vs. 73,7%; p< 0,001, 20 vs. 24; p< 0,001). There was a positive correlation between the increases in HbA1c and TFC levels in the whole group (r=0,225; p=0,004). In subgroup analysis, higher HbA1c levels did not affect TFC in patients using ticagrelor (r=-0,060; p=0,326 for patients with noreflow, r=-0,133; p=0,321 for patients with TIMI-3 flow). While level of HbA1c did not affect TFC in patients with TIMI-3 flow, the presence of post-procedural no-reflow caused worsening of TFC in patients using clopidogrel as HbA1c levels increased (r=0,374; p=0,005).Conclusion. Ticagrelor was found to be better in terms of angiographic parameters regardless of diabetes

Adaptive Optimal Feedback Control with Learned Internal Dynamics Models

Optimal Feedback Control (OFC) has been proposed as an attractive movement generation strategy in goal reaching tasks for anthropomorphic manipulator systems. Recent developments, such as the Iterative Linear Quadratic Gaussian (ILQG) algorithm, have focused on the case of non-linear, but still analytically available, dynamics. For realistic control systems, however, the dynamics may often be unknown, difficult to estimate, or subject to frequent systematic changes. In this chapter, we combine the ILQG framework with learning the forward dynamics for simulated arms, which exhibit large redundancies, both, in kinematics and in the actuation. We demonstrate how our approach can compensate for complex dynamic perturbations in an online fashion. The specific adaptive framework introduced lends itself to a computationally more efficient implementation of the ILQG optimisation without sacrificing control accuracy – allowing the method to scale to large DoF systems

Ancient mitogenomes from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Central Anatolia and the effects of a Late Neolithic bottleneck in sheep (Ovis aries)

Occupied between ~10,300 and 9300 years ago, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia went through early phases of sheep domestication. Analysis of 629 mitochondrial genomes from this and numerous sites in Anatolia, southwest Asia, Europe, and Africa produced a phylogenetic tree with excessive coalescences (nodes) around the Neolithic, a potential signature of a domestication bottleneck. This is consistent with archeological evidence of sheep management at Aşıklı Höyük which transitioned from residential stabling to open pasturing over a millennium of site occupation. However, unexpectedly, we detected high genetic diversity throughout Aşıklı Höyük's occupation rather than a bottleneck. Instead, we detected a tenfold demographic bottleneck later in the Neolithic, which caused the fixation of mitochondrial haplogroup B in southwestern Anatolia. The mitochondrial genetic makeup that emerged was carried from the core region of early Neolithic sheep management into Europe and dominates the matrilineal diversity of both its ancient and the billion-strong modern sheep populations

Generation of neutralizing antibodies and divergence of SIVmac239 in cynomolgus macaques following short-term early antiretroviral therapy.

Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) able to react to heterologous viruses are generated during natural HIV-1 infection in some individuals. Further knowledge is required in order to understand the factors contributing to induction of cross-reactive NAb responses. Here a well-established model of experimental pathogenic infection in cynomolgus macaques, which reproduces long-lasting HIV-1 infection, was used to study the NAb response as well as the viral evolution of the highly neutralization-resistant SIVmac239. Twelve animals were infected intravenously with SIVmac239. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated ten days post-inoculation and administered daily for four months. Viral load, CD4(+) T-cell counts, total IgG levels, and breadth as well as strength of NAb in plasma were compared simultaneously over 14 months. In addition, envs from plasma samples were sequenced at three time points in all animals in order to assess viral evolution. We report here that seven of the 12 animals controlled viremia to below 10(4) copies/ml of plasma after discontinuation of ART and that this control was associated with a low level of evolutionary divergence. Macaques that controlled viral load developed broader NAb responses early on. Furthermore, escape mutations, such as V67M and R751G, were identified in virus sequenced from all animals with uncontrolled viremia. Bayesian estimation of ancestral population genetic diversity (PGD) showed an increase in this value in non-controlling or transient-controlling animals during the first 5.5 months of infection, in contrast to virus-controlling animals. Similarly, non- or transient controllers displayed more positively-selected amino-acid substitutions. An early increase in PGD, resulting in the generation of positively-selected amino-acid substitutions, greater divergence and relative high viral load after ART withdrawal, may have contributed to the generation of potent NAb in several animals after SIVmac239 infection. However, early broad NAb responses correlated with relatively preserved CD4(+) T-cell numbers, low viral load and limited viral divergence