Prevention of destructive tropical and extratropical storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, dangerous thunderstorms, and catastrophic floods

International audienceTropical cyclones and storms, hurricanes, powerful thunderclouds, which generate tornadoes, destructive extratropical cyclones, which result in catastrophic floods, are the powerful cloud systems that contain huge amount of water. According to the hypothesis argued in this paper, an electric field coupled with powerful clouds and electric forces play a cardinal role in supporting this huge mass of water at a high altitude in the troposphere and in the instability of powerful clouds sometimes during rather a long time duration. Based on this hypothesis, a highly effective method of volume electric charge neutralization of powerful clouds is proposed. It results in the decrease in an electric field, a sudden increase in precipitation, and subsequent degradation of powerful clouds. This method, based on the natural phenomenon, ensures the prevention of the intensification of tropical and extratropical cyclones and their transition to the storm and hurricane (typhoon) stages, which makes it possible to avoid catastrophic floods. It also ensures the suppression of severe thunderclouds, which, in turn, eliminates the development of dangerous thunderstorms and the possibility of the emergence and intensification of tornadoes

Применение методов палинспастических реконструкций при моделировании донадвигового состояния сложно дислоцированных регионов

The paper briefly discusses some methods of palinspastic reconstructions and their application for studying of the Nizhneserginskaya thrust zone of the Urals using complex techniques that address both structural and kinematic principles of modeling. Based on the constructed model, the data reflecting the geological structure before the formation of thrust zones of the studied territory were obtained.Рассматриваются некоторые методики палинспастических реконструкций. Проведена палинспастическая реконструкция Нижнесергинской зоны надвигов Урала с использованием комплексных методик, затрагивающих как структурные, так и кинематические принципы моделирования. На основании построенной модели получены данные, отражающие геологическое строение до времени формирования надвиговых зон изучаемой территории

Polymers pushing Polymers: Polymer Mixtures in Thermodynamic Equilibrium with a Pore

We investigate polymer partitioning from polymer mixtures into nanometer size cavities by formulating an equation of state for a binary polymer mixture assuming that only one (smaller) of the two polymer components can penetrate the cavity. Deriving the partitioning equilibrium equations and solving them numerically allows us to introduce the concept of "polymers-pushing-polymers" for the action of non-penetrating polymers on the partitioning of the penetrating polymers. Polymer partitioning into a pore even within a very simple model of a binary polymer mixture is shown to depend in a complicated way on the composition of the polymer mixture and/or the pore-penetration penalty. This can lead to enhanced as well as diminished partitioning, due to two separate energy scales that we analyse in detail.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA

Molecular aspects of carcinogenesis of endometrium with analysis of scientific literature and own experimental data are considered. It was shown that in this process are involved as well classical signal transduction pathways like PI3K, Wnt, Bcl-2-regulated apoptosis as hormonal pathways from ERα to target genes. Gene expression of apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2 was in 6 folds higher in malignant tumors in comparison with non cancer tissue. Expression level of ERα gene was higher in cancer tissue than in adjacent non-tumor endometrium. Matrix metallo-proteinases MMR-3, MMR-9 and angiogenesis gene Il-8 expressed mainly in malignant endometrial tissues, but not in non-cancer tissues that considers these genes as suitable candidates for the characteristic of endometrial carcinoma. Thus, Bcl-2, IL8, ERα and MMPs 2 proteins can be appropriate markers of endometrial carcinoma together with the members of PI3K- and Wnt-signal pathways like PTEN and β-catenin

Soil conservation and sustainable development goals(SDGs) achievement in Europe and central Asia: Which role for the European soil partnership?

Voluntary soil protection measures are not sufficient to achieve sustainable soil management at a global scale. Additionally, binding soil protection legislation at national and international levels has also proved to be insufficient for the effective protection of this almost non-renewable natural resource. The European Soil Partnership (ESP) and its sub-regional partnerships (Eurasian Sub-Regional Soil Partnership, Alpine Soil Partnership) were established in the context of FAO's Global Soil Partnership (GSP) with the mission to facilitate and contribute to the exchange of knowledge and technologies related to soils, to develop dialogue and to raise awareness for the need to establish a binding global agreement for sustainable soil management. The ESP has taken a role of an umbrella network covering countries in Europe and Central Asia. It aims to improve the dialogue in the whole region and has encouraged establishing goals that would promote sustainable soil management, taking into account various national and local approaches and priorities, as well as cultural specificities. The ESP first regional implementation plan for the 2017–2020 period was adopted and implemented along the five GSP pillars of action. Building on the experience of the last four years, this study demonstrates that establishing sub-regional and national partnerships is an additional step in a concrete sustainable soil management implementation process. It also suggests that a complementary approach between legal instruments and voluntary initiatives linked to the development of efficient communication and strong commitment is the key to success

On athermic mechanism of materials radiation embrittlement

To elucidate the mehanisms of radiation embrittlement of materials the temperature dependence of mechanical properties of irradiated materials has been studiedyesBelgorod State Universit

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЭКЗОСОМ КЛЕТОК ЭСТРОГЕН-РЕЗИСТЕНТНОГО РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

The exosomes involvement in the pathogenesis of tumors is based on their property to incorporate into the recipient cells resulting in the both genomic and epigenomic changes.  Earlier we have shown that exosomes from different types of estrogen-independent breast  cancer cells (MCF-7/T developed by long-term tamoxifen treatment, and MCF-7/M)  developed by metformin treatment were able to transfer resistance to the parent MCF-7  cells. To elucidate the common features of the both types of resistant exosomes, the  proteome and microRNA cargo of the control and both types of the resistant exosomes were  analyzed. Totally, more than 400 proteins were identified in the exosome samples. Of these  proteins, only two proteins, DMBT1 (Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1) and THBS1  (Thrombospondin-1), were commonly expressed in the both resistant exosomes (less than  5% from total DEPs) demonstrating the unique protein composition of each type of the resistant exosomes. The comparative analysis of the miRNA differentially expressed in  the both MCF-7/T and MCF-7/M resistant exosomes revealed 180 up-regulated and 202  down-regulated miRNAs. Among them, 4 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated miRNAs were  associated with progression of hormonal resistance of breast tumors. The bioinformatical  analysis of 4 up-regulated exosomal miRNAs revealed 2 miRNAs, mir- 101and mir-181b, which up-regulated PI3K signaling  supporting the key role of PI3K/Akt in the development of the resistant phenotype of breast cancer cells.Участие экзосом в патогенезе злокачественных опухолей основано на их способности проникать внутрь  клеток-реципиентов, вызывая в последних каскад генетических и эпигенетических изменений. Ранее мы  показали, что экзосомы, продуцируемые различными вариантами эстроген-независимых сублиний клеток  рака молочной железы (MCF-7/T, полученной в результате длительного культивирования клеток в  присутствии антиэстрогена тамоксифена, и MCF-7/M, полученной в результате культивирования клеток с  метформином), способны индуцировать резистентность в родительских клетках MCF-7. В настоящей работе  для исследования характерных особенностей состава экзосом резистентных клеток был проведен  сравнительный анализ протеома и профиля микроРНК контрольных экзосом и экзосом, полученных от  резистентных сублиний. В целом в образцах экзосом было идентифицировано более 400 белков, из которых  только 2 белка, DMBT1 (Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1) и THBS1 (Thrombospondin-1), были  гиперэкспрессированы в обоих типах резистентных экзосом (менее 5 % от общего количества белков,  дифференциально экспрессированных в экзосомах резистетных клеток), что свидетельствует об уникальном  составе экзосомальных белков для каждого типа резистентных клеток. Сравнительный анализ  состава микроРНК, дифференциально экспрессированных в обоих вариантах экзосом резистентных клеток,  выявил 180 гиперэкспрессированных микроРНК и 202 микроРНК с пониженной экспрессией. Среди них 4  гиперэкспрессированных и 8 гипоэкспрессированных микроРНК оказались ассоциированы с развитием  гормональной резистентности клеток рака молочной железы. Биоинформатический анализ 4  гиперэкспрессированных микроРНК выявил 2 микроРНК, mir-101и mir-181b, участвующих в стимуляции PI3K  сигналинга, свидетельствуя о важной роли последнего в развитии гормональной резистентности  клеток рака молочной железы.

Surface Layers in General Relativity and Their Relation to Surface Tensions

For a thin shell, the intrinsic 3-pressure will be shown to be analogous to -A, where A is the classical surface tension: First, interior and exterior Schwarzschild solutions will be matched together such that the surface layer generated at the common boundary has no gravitational mass; then its intrinsic 3-pressure represents a surface tension fulfilling Kelvin's relation between mean curvature and pressure difference in the Newtonian limit. Second, after a suitable definition of mean curvature, the general relativistic analogue to Kelvin's relation will be proven to be contained in the equation of motion of the surface layer.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, no figur