14 research outputs found

    Magnetism and temperature dependence of nano-TiO2: Fe EPR spectra

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    Nanocrystalline TiO2 samples of various compositions (up to 5 at.% Fe) with anatase structure and an average particle size of about 20 nm were synthesized using sol-gel technology. The magnetic properties of nano-TiO2: Fe was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Faraday balance. The existence of an inhomogeneous magnetic state in TiO2: Fe samples of different compositions were revealed by EPR spectroscopy in a wide temperature range. The analysis of the EPR spectra in the L -, X - and Q-bands allowed us to calculate the quadratic fine structure (D, E) parameters, β€œaxial” and β€œrhombic” ones, respectively. The value of D turned out to be quite small, which indicates an insignificant anisotropy, which can be ignored describing the magnetic properties of TiO2:Fe. It was shown that the temperature behavior of different separate components of the integral EPR spectra can be qualitatively interpreted in the model of coexistence in the TiO2: Fe system, mainly, dimers with a strong negative exchange interaction and isolated paramagnetic centers. No ferromagnetic state in TiO2: Fe-based samples after etching of aE-prepared state were detected. Β© 202

    ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π°Ρ рСфСрСнтная ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ массовой Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ молярной ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² биологичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ масс-спСктромСтрии с ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ

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    The establishment and control of the metrological characteristics of the determination of trace elements in biological materials is an urgent task due to the wide application of these measurements in medical laboratory diagnostics. In the course of the research, the process of developing a primary reference procedure for measuring the mass fraction and molar concentration of copper and zinc in biological materials by isotope dilution mass spectrometry is presented. The optimal conditions for sample preparation and measurements by isotope dilution and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma are determined in order to increase the accuracy. The sources of uncertainty are studied; the contribution of each source to the uncertainty budget is estimated. During the certification of the developed measurement procedure, the following metrological characteristics were determined: the measurement range of the mass fraction of copper and zinc is from 1 βˆ™ 10–6 to 1,5 βˆ™ 10–3 %, the measurement range of the molar concentration of copper and zinc is from 2 to 20 Β΅mol/dm3, the relative expanded measurement uncertainty of the mass fraction of copper is (7.1–7.5) %, the relative expanded uncertainty of the mass fraction of zinc is (8.9–9.2) %, the relative expanded uncertainty of the molar concentration of copper is 8.8 %, the relative expanded uncertainty of the molar concentration of zinc is 8.6 %.The developed procedure is intended to establish the metrological characteristics of reference materials for the composition of lyophilized blood serum and reconstituted lyophilized blood serum, control the accuracy of the measurement results obtained using other procedures (methods) of measuring similar values, perform high-precision measurements of mass fractions and molar concentrations of copper and zinc in lyophilized blood serum and reconstituted lyophilized blood serum for referee purposes.УстановлСниС ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ мСтрологичСских характСристик опрСдСлСния микроэлСмСнтов Π² биологичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°Ρ… являСтся Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ Π² силу ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ примСнСния этих ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² мСдицинской Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ диагностикС.Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования прСдставлСн процСсс Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ массовой Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ молярной ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² биологичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ масс-спСктромСтрии с ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ условия ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ разбавлСния ΠΈ масс-спСктромСтрии с ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-связанной ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ точности. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ источники нСопрСдСлСнности, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Π½ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ источника Π² Π±ΡŽΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ нСопрСдСлСнности. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ аттСстации Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ мСтрологичСскиС характСристики: Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ массовой Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ‚ 1 βˆ™ 10–6 Π΄ΠΎ 1,5 βˆ™ 10–3 %, Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ молярной ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ‚ 2 Π΄ΠΎ 20 мкмоль/Π΄ΠΌ3, ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ массовой Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ –  (7,1–7,5) %, ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ массовой Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° –  (8,9–9,2) %, ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ молярной ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ –  8,8 %, ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ молярной ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° –  8,6 %.Разработанная ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π° для установлСния мСтрологичСских характСристик стандартных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² состава Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сыворотки ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ восстановлСнной Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сыворотки ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, контроля ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с использованиСм Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ (ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½, выполнСния высокоточных ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ массовых Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ молярных ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² Π°Ρ€Π±ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… цСлях Π² Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сывороткС ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ восстановлСнной Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сывороткС ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ

    Epoxy groups mass-fraction determination in epoxy resin DEG-1 by near infrared spectroscopy

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    Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ИК-спСктромСтрии Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² сочСтании с хСмомСтричСскими ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ для опрСдСлСния массовой Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ эпоксидных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π² эпоксидной смолС ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ Π”Π­Π“-1. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ построСны хСмомСтричСскиС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° основС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² рСгрСссии Π½Π° Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ (Π Π“Πš) ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ структуры (ΠŸΠ›Π‘), ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡ… примСнимости Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ срСднСквадратичСскиС остатки ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ (RMSEC), ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ (RMSEP), коэффициСнт коррСляции (RΒ²) ΠΈ число Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΠŸΠ›Π‘-Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ опрСдСлСния массовой Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ эпоксидных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ИК-спСктромСтрии Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ 4 % ΠΎΡ‚Π½. Π²ΠΎ всСм Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ измСряСмых массовых Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚ 22,0 % Π΄ΠΎ 27,5 %. Разработанная ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° позволяСт Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ качСства эпоксидной смолы Π”Π­Π“-1.Possibilities of application of Test Method for epoxy groups mass-fraction determination in epoxy resin DEG-1 by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy together with chemometric approaches have been studied. As a result of studies chemometric models based on the method of principal component regression (PCR) and the method of projection on latent structure (PLS) have been developed, practice feasibility assessment due to such criteria as root-mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root-mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), correlation coefficient (RΒ²) and number of principal components and PLS-factors has been conducted. Precision of Test Method for epoxy groups mass-fraction detrmination by NIR spectroscopy does not exceed 4 % within 22,0-27,5 % range of measured mass fractions. The developed technique makes it possible to decrease considerably man-hours during incoming control of epoxy resin DEG-1

    Epoxy groups mass-fraction determination in epoxy resins ED-16 and ED-20 by near infrared spectroscopy

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    Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ использования ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ИК-спСктромСтрии Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° (Π‘Π˜Πš-спСктромСтрии) Π² сочСтании с хСмомСтричСскими ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ для опрСдСлСния массовой Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ эпоксидных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ Π² эпоксидных смолах Π­Π”-16 ΠΈ Π­Π”-20. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° построСна хСмомСтричСская модСль Π½Π° основС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ структуры (ΠŸΠ›Π‘), ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π΅Π΅ примСнимости Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ срСднСквадратичСскиС остатки ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ (RMSEC), ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ (RMSEP), коэффициСнт коррСляции (RΒ²) ΠΈ количСство Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚. ΠŸΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² опрСдСлСния массовой Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ эпоксидных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π˜Πš-спСктромСтрии составила 6 % Π²ΠΎ всСм Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ измСряСмых массовых Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Разработанная ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° позволяСт Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ качСства эпоксидных смол.Possibilities of application of Test Method for epoxy groups mass-fraction determination in epoxy resins ED-16 and ED-20 by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy together with chemometric approaches have been studied. As a result of studies chemometric model based on the method of projection on latent structure (PLS) have been developed, practice feasibility assessment due to such criteria as root-mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root-mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), correlation coefficient (RΒ²) and number PLS-factors has been conducted. Precision of Test Method for epoxy groups mass-fraction determination by NIR spectroscopy does not exceed 6 %. The developed technique makes it possible to decrease considerably man-hours during incoming control of epoxy resin

    Antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S is accumulated in granules of producer cells for storage of bacterial phosphagens

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    Many antimicrobial peptides are synthesized non-ribosomally in bacteria, but little is known about their subcellular route of biosynthesis, their mode of intracellular accumulation, or their role in the physiology of the producer cells. Here, we present a comprehensive view on the biosynthesis of gramicidin S (GS) in Aneurinibacillus migulanus, having observed a peripheral membrane localization of its synthetases. The peptide gets accumulated in nano-globules, which mature by fusion into larger granules and end up within vacuolar structures. These granules serve as energy storage devices, as they contain GS molecules that are non-covalently attached to alkyl phosphates and protect them from dephosphorylation and premature release of energy. This finding of a fundamentally new type of high-energy phosphate storage mechanism can explain the curious role of GS biosynthesis in the physiology of the bacterial producer cells. The unknown role of the GrsT protein, which is part of the non-ribosomal GS synthetase operon, can thus be assumed to be responsible for the biosynthesis of alkyl phosphates. GS binding to alkyl phosphates may suggest its general affinity to phosphagens such as ATP and GTP, which can represent the important intracellular targets in pathogenic bacteria
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