Necessity of Changes in the System of Hospitality Industry and Tourism Training in Terms of Import Substitution

The purpose of the authors in this study was to prove the relevance of research identifying the necessity of changes in the system of training for hospitality industry and tourism in terms of import substitution. The aim of this research was to assess the significance of tourism in the framework of import substitution, to justify the need for changes in the system of training for hospitality and tourism industry in recent situation. It is also essential to give practical recommendations on training and education development. The authors implemented expert assessment method and statistics analyses, tourists' questionnaires evaluating their travel preferences and personal materials and findings to enable construction of complex model of training and education development for hospitality industry. All above mentioned techniques allow authors to introduce their own findings concerning this issue in terms of import substitution. Through the study the authors scrutinize and generalize the problems concerning training and education for hospitality industry and give offers and solutions to improve activities most vital and perspective for the industry. The authors emphasize that it is essential not only to follow our national concept of import substitution but also to take into consideration the employers' requirements for staff working in hospitality. Furthermore, it is of vital importance to influence hospitality management to take part in educational programs development, while educators and scientists should introduce new technologies of customer service to the business organizations. As a result of implementing authors' recommendations given in the following article it will be likely to generate competitive tourism products and modernized educational programs which will meet customers' demands. The article findings are of practical importance for training and development in hospitality industry organization. It also has practical significance for all types of training organizations in hospitality industry and researchers of international training for the industry in the terms of import substitution. Keywords:  Tourism.  Import substitution. Personnel Training,  Development. JEL Classifications: H25, H54, O14, Z3

Analysis of the Influence of Pronatalistic Polic y on Reproduction of Population and Position of Large Families

The prolonged goal of state birth rate policy is creation of conditions for the appearance of large families in Russian society and the consolidation of the three-child model of the family as a social norm. In this article, we did not seek to analyze the demographic measures, but focused on the past 12-years; we analyzed the intermediate results of the state birth rate policy. Many indicators in the context of this topic were not only taken from population censuses, but also from sample surveys: federal and regional. At the same time, the insufficiency of regional level statistical material and the differences in methodological approaches to collecting statistical data on families with children were revealed, in particular, the difference in methodological approaches regarding families, both social groups and households, as well as groups of economic and labor ones, affected. In the framework of the resource approach, it is the household that is the main supplier and consumer of economic resources, and the family, as a social institution, is the supplier and consumer of sociocultural resources, performing a number of important functions, such as reproductive, recreational, communication, etc., the relationships in it are reciprocal character. Based on the fact, that the birth and upbringing of children in modern society cannot be unprofitable, otherwise no measures will lead to real changes in the reproductive plans of families, we considered changes in births and the total birth rate for the analyzed period, including the order of birth of children. We studied the dynamics of the number of large families, a comparative analysis of the structure of consumer spending of families with children, depending on the number of children in the family. The influence of demographic policies on the birth of the first, second and subsequent children, the level of employment, the unemployment rate and the participation rate of women of childbearing age with and without children were analyzed. A correlation was established between the number of children in the family and the unemployment rate, the level of employment and the level of participation of women with children in the labor force. We concluded that measuring demographic policy have led to a real increase in birth rate for second and other coming children, the number of large families and the average family size. In order to prolong the positive trend, it is necessary to continue and intensify state and regional support for large families.Пролонгированной целью государственной пронаталисткой политики является создание условий для появления многодетных семей в российском социуме и закрепление трехдетной модели семьи как социальной нормы. В данной статье мы не стремились провести анализ демографических мер и остановились на последнем двенадцатилетнем периоде, проанализировали промежуточные результаты государственной пронаталисткой политики. Многие показатели в контексте данной темы брались не только из переписей населения, но и выборочных исследований: федерального и регионального. При этом была выявлена недостаточность статистического материала регионального уровня и различия методологических подходов к сбору статистических данных о семьях с детьми, в частности сказывалась разница в методологических подходах относительно семей, как социальных групп и домохозяйств, так групп экономико-трудовых. В рамках ресурсного подхода именно домохозяйство является основным поставщиком и потребителем экономических ресурсов, а семья как институт социальный является поставщиком и потребителем социокультурных ресурсов, она выполняет ряд важных функций, таких как репродуктивная, рекреационная, коммуникационная и др., взаимоотношения в ней носят реципрокный характер. Исходя из того, что рождение и воспитание детей в современном обществе не может быть убыточным, иначе никакие меры не приведут к реальным изменениям репродуктивных планов семей, нами были рассмотрены изменения рождений и суммарного коэффициента рождаемости за анализируемый период, в том числе по очередности рожденных детей, изучена динамика численности многодетных семей, дан сравнительный анализ структуры потребительских расходов семей с детьми в зависимости от числа детей в семье. Было проанализировано влияние мер демографической политики на рождение первого, второго и последующих детей, уровень занятости, уровень безработицы и уровень участия женщин детородного возраста, имеющих и не имеющих детей. Установлена корреляция между количеством детей в семье и уровнем безработицы, уровнем занятости и уровнем участия в рабочей силе женщин, имеющих детей. В результате анализа был сделан вывод, что меры демографической политики привели к реальному увеличению числа рождений второго и последующих детей, численности многодетных семей и среднему размеру семьи. Для пролонгации позитивного тренда необходимо продолжать и активизировать государственную и региональную поддержку многодетных семей

Distance learning: from an online lesson to a digital preparatory faculty

The purpose of the article is to identify the possibilities of distance teaching of Russian as a foreign language and the prospects for the development of online courses within the digital preparatory facult

Socio-Cultural Impact of Church Building in Russia (the Case of the Cathedral of Saint Martyr Catherine in Ekaterinburg)

In recent years, Russia has been going through a boom of church building. In 2009, the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) had 29,263 parishes and by 2019 this figure had risen to 38,649. In the last decade, the growth in the number of Orthodox religious organizations and places of worship has by far exceeded that of other assets of social infrastructure. While the number of churches is growing, however, the number of schools, kindergartens and hospitals is steadily falling. Unlike other elements of social infrastructure, church building is funded not from the state budget but is financed by donors, sponsors and by the ROC itself, with some of the funds coming from payments for religious rites (baptism, weddings etc). This article analyzes the historical significance and socio-economic impact of church building by focusing on the case of the Cathedral of Saint Martyr Catherine in Ekaterinburg. The right choice of the construction site for the cathedral-the choice that would be agreeable to the metropolitan bishop, municipal government, businesses and sponsors, local community and opinion leaders-will ensure not only that the project will be duly completed but also underline the fact that local communities are able to establish consensus and recognize each other's interests in local decision-making. One of the possible locations considered for building St.Catherine's Cathedral in Ekaterinburg was a former industrial site in the centre of the city. Eventually, it was chosen as the most suitable place for this large-scale project. Redevelopment of an underused or abandoned industrial site, resulting in the improvement in the quality of urban environment, can be seen as an effective instrument of project realization, contributing to the building's social and economic significance. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

TRADITIONAL PERCEPTION, OF PARKINSONS DISEASE AS A MOTION DISORDER ONLY, HAS

Dramatically changed for the last decades. If is commonly known that clinical manifestations of Parkinsons disease are diverse and consist of autonomic, sensory and neuro-psychiatric disorders. Now days this spectrum of non motional manifestations is considered as a predictor of Parkinsons disease, which show ap 10-20 years earlier than motional symptoms appear

Clinical and instrumental associations of knee osteoarthrosis and pathology of the veins of the lower extremities

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) and varicose disease of the lower extremities (VD) are two diseases common in middle– aged and older women. Questions about whether their combination is accidental or natural and whether VD affects the course and severity of OA, remain unresolved.The aim of the study was to look for the possible association between knee OA and lower limb vein pathology on the basis of clinical and modern instrumental investigation sand to study the effect of the VD on the clinical manifestations and severity of knee OA.Materials and methods. A case-control study was conducted in 85 women 40–60 years old with knee OA diagnosed in accordance with the criteria of ACR (1986) and 50 women of the same age without signs of knee OA. Women of both groups were evaluated for complaints and objective examination with an emphasis on diseases of the joints and veins of the lower extremities, radiography of the knee joints, ultrasound duplex scanning of the veins of the lower extremities. The severity of OA was assessed by the Lequenne indices. The clinical assessment of venous pathology was carried out according to the CEAP classification.Results. Patients with knee OA more often than their peers without joint pathology have VD (43% vs 22%; p=0.015), signs of chronic venous insufficiency (28% vs 12%; p=0.03), as well as valve failure of several lower limb veins simultaneously (53% vs 20%; p=0.0004). After correction by body mass index, the association of knee OA with detected vascular pathology remained clinically and statistically significant. The presence of VD with moderate manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency, as well as ultrasound signs of venous pathology, was not associated with the clinical signs and course of knee OA.Conclusions. Knee OA in middle-aged and older women, regardless of body mass index, is associated with VD and ultrasound signs of simultaneous valves failure of several veins. Manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency did not affect the clinical picture and severity of knee OA

Impact of assessment of fractional flow reserve and instantaneous wave-free ratio on clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis

Aim. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using conventional coronary angiography (CAG) or fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI. In addition, FFR-guided PCI and PCI guided with instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) were compared.Material and methods. PubMed, Google Scholar databases were searched for studies comparing clinical outcomes in patients with CAD undergoing CAG-guided or FFR/iFR-guided PCI. Dichotomous data analysis was presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) values from studies with similar evaluation criteria were pooled for meta-analysis.Results. Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 184 publications were selected for this systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 2193 patients (mean age, 64,2 years, mean follow-up, 28,0 months) were included. Analysis of RCTs showed that CAG-guided and FFR-guided PCI did not have a significant difference in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 0,78; 95% CI: 0,61-1,00; p=0,05; I2=0%), all-cause death (OR: 0,86; 95% CI: 0,51-1,44; p=0,57; I2=0%) or emergency revascularization (OR: 0,69, 95% CI: 0,46-1,04, p=0,08, I2=0%). However, FFR-guided PCI was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent MI compared with CAG-guided PCI (OR: 0,70; 95% CI: 0,50-0,99; p=0,04; I2=0%). In addition to the results of previous RCTs, we conducted a metaanalysis of 3 observational studies. In total, the CAG-guided and FFR-guided PCI groups included 165012 and 11450 patients, respectively. A meta-analysis showed that FFR-guided PCI was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0,74; 95% CI: 0,63-0,87; P=0,0003) and MI (HR: 0,75; 95% CI: 0,61-0,94; p=0,01). In addition, there was no significant difference between iFRand FFR-guided PCI in terms of MACE (OR: 0,97; 95% CI: 0,76-1,23; p=0,81), all-cause mortality (OR: 0,66; 95% CI: 0,40-1,10; p=0,11), MI (OR: 0,83; 95% CI: 0,56-1,24; p=0,37) or emergency repeated revascularization (OR: 1,16; 95% CI: 0,85-1,58; p=0,34).Conclusion. FFR-guided PCI is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality and subsequent MI compared with CAG-guided PCI. At the same time, the iFR-guided PCI is not inferior to the FFR-guided method in terms of MACE rate

Some mechanisms of inflammation development in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Inflammation plays a key role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a disease characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and systemic glucolipotoxicity. The main source of inflammation in the early stages of the disease is visceral adipose tissue (VT). Macrophages are innate immune cells that are present in all peripheral tissues, including VT. Violation of the response of VT (MT) macrophages to changes in the microenvironment underlies aberrant inflammation and the development of local and systemic insulin resistance. The inflammatory activation of macrophages is regulated at several levels: stimulation of cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling, transcription, and metabolic levels. Which are activated by the transformation of macrophages along the pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways. Such polarization of macrophages in modern immunology is divided into classical anti-inflammatory M1 polarization and alternative anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophages. The M1 / M2 ratio of macrophages in the process of inflammation ensures the resolution of inflammation at different stages of its development. The review considers the main mechanisms involved in VT inflammation and the development of insulin resistance in T2DM, supported with the participation of immunocompetent cells, M1 / M2, as well as growth factors and humoral immunity factors secreted during this process