Post heat treatment effects on double layer metal structures for VLSI applications

The realization of high yield double layer metal systems using wet chemistry processes and the ability to extend yields beyond that attainable with wet chemistry by means of post sintering processes at temperatures below 500 C for potential applications in very large scale integration structures were studied. Yields in excess of 98% and average total contact resistance of less than 150 ohms and 200 ohms were realized for a series of 560 vias of 0.5 X 0.5 mils and 0.2 X 0.2 mils in size, respectively

A study of trends and techniques for space base electronics

The use of dry processing and alternate dielectrics for processing wafers is reported. A two dimensional modeling program was written for the simulation of short channel MOSFETs with nonuniform substrate doping. A key simplifying assumption used is that the majority carriers can be represented by a sheet charge at the silicon dioxide-silicon interface. In solving current continuity equation, the program does not converge. However, solving the two dimensional Poisson equation for the potential distribution was achieved. The status of other 2D MOSFET simulation programs are summarized

Trends and Techniques for Space Base Electronics

Simulations of various phosphorus and boron diffusions in SOS were completed and a sputtering system, furnaces, and photolithography related equipment were set up. Double layer metal experiments initially utilized wet chemistry techniques. By incorporating ultrasonic etching of the vias, premetal cleaning a modified buffered HF, phosphorus doped vapox, and extended sintering, yields of 98% were obtained using the standard test pattern. A two dimensional modeling program was written for simulating short channel MOSFETs with nonuniform substrate doping. A key simplifying assumption used is that the majority carriers can be represented by a sheet charge at the silicon dioxide silicon interface. Although the program is incomplete, the two dimensional Poisson equation for the potential distribution was achieved. The status of other Z-D MOSFET simulation programs is summarized

An evaluation of the first year experience from the mature students' perspective; a multi-institutional comparison

This study investigates the experiences of mature students across three higher education institutions in the UK. The issues arising are of relevance to academics who are involved in widening participation and in evaluating support in their own programmes for the diversity of students. The sample includes mature students from programmes in Health, where mature students form a majority, and in Business, where mature students formed a minority. Focus groups were used to gain access to student perspectives on expectations, motivations, sacrifices, transitions, induction, programmes and assessment. The findings include misleading information that did not acknowledge the particular concerns and needs of mature students, induction processes that were not experienced as inclusive by mature students, and varying experiences of support but overall the institutional context was significant

Learning through research: the first year experience from the mature students perspective

This collaborative work from St Martin’s College, Salford and Middlesex Universities brings together experiences of mature students, (21+ years of age on entry), in a phenomenological piece of research identifying the different ways in which they feel supported in their undergraduate studies. There is particular value to the collaborative aspect of this research as it pulls together the differences in management and structures from a higher education college, a pre-1992 and post-1992 institutions. This paper aims to highlight the findings of the research at a point in time to feature the concerns of mature students on entering and the transition into HE, to demonstrate what mature students attribute to encouraging them to succeed and persist in their studies, learning ‘what works’ type strategies from the three institutions and devising new strategies to support not only this particular group of students, but all during their undergraduate studies

A study of trends and techniques for space base electronics

A sputtering system was developed to deposit aluminum and aluminum alloys by the dc sputtering technique. This system is designed for a high level of cleanliness and for monitoring the deposition parameters during film preparation. This system is now ready for studying the deposition and annealing parameters upon double-level metal preparation. A technique recently applied for semiconductor analysis, the finite element method, was studied for use in the computer modeling of two dimensional MOS transistor structures. It was concluded that the method has not been sufficiently well developed for confident use at this time. An algorithm was developed for confident use at this time. An algorithm was developed for implementing a computer study which is based upon the finite difference method. The program which was developed was modified and used to calculate redistribution data for boron and phosphorous which had been predeposited by ion implantation with range and straggle conditions. Data were generated for 111 oriented SOS films with redistribution in N2, dry O2 and steam ambients

Academic freedom in Canadian higher education: Universities, colleges, and institutes were not created equal

There has been substantial discussion, research, and debate about the role of academic freedom within higher education, primarily centered on the university model. Not as well documented or understood is the issue of academic freedom within colleges and institutes in Canada. In this paper, we examine the current state of academic freedom in colleges and institutes using a historical analysis of two Canadian provinces, British Columbia and Ontario. Beginning with an overview of academic freedom within universities, we then examine the development and evolution of colleges and institutes and discuss how or if academic freedom applies to them. We consider issues of collegiality, faculty engagement, and governance as they impact the concept and practice of academic freedom within these institutions. We also discuss the different origins, intents, roles, and governance models of universities in contrast to colleges and institutes, which are generally representative of the broader Canadian higher education landscape.  Le rôle de la liberté universitaire dans l’enseignement supérieur a fait l’objet d’innombrables discussions, recherches et débats, la plupart axés sur le modèle universitaire. Pourtant, cette même notion est encore mal documentée et comprise dans l’enseignement dispensé par les collèges et instituts, surtout au Canada. Cet exposé examine l’état actuel de la liberté universitaire dans ces établissements, à l’aide d’une analyse historique et comparative de deux provinces canadiennes : la Colombie-Britannique et l’Ontario. Il commence par un survol de la liberté universitaire dans les universités, puis examine le développement et l’évolution de celle-ci dans les collèges et instituts et enfin, il se penche sur la façon dont on applique cette liberté, le cas échéant. Cet exposé traite également des questions de collégialité, de la participation des membres du corps professoral et de la gouvernance, selon leur incidence sur le concept et la pratique de la liberté universitaire. En outre, l’exposé discute des différents éléments que sont les origines, intentions, rôles et modèles de gouvernance d’universités, habituellement représentatives du paysage canadien de l’enseignement supérieur dans son ensemble, en les comparant aux collèges et instituts

Poster 449 Ketotic Hypoglycemia in RYR‐1 Central Core Myopathy: A Case Report

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147182/1/pmr2s344a.pd

Small-scale, nature-based tourism as a pro-poor development intervention : two examples in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

Tourism is widely acknowledged as a key economic sector that has the potential to contribute to national and local development and, more specifically, serve as a mechanism to promote poverty alleviation and pro-poor development within a particular locality. In countries of the global South, nature-based tourism initiatives can make a meaningful impact on the livelihoods of the poor, in particular the subsistence based rural poor. Taking two examples in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, where small-scale tourism initiatives were developed recently in response to existing natural attractions in the context of coping with local economic crises, this paper broadly assesses the modest benefits to date, as well as drawbacks, in improving conditions of life