573 research outputs found
Inter- and intra-layer excitons in MoS/WS and MoSe/WSe heterobilayers
Accurately described excitonic properties of transition metal dichalcogenide
heterobilayers (HBLs) are crucial to comprehend the optical response and the
charge carrier dynamics of them. Excitons in multilayer systems posses inter or
intralayer character whose spectral positions depend on their binding energy
and the band alignment of the constituent single-layers. In this study, we
report the electronic structure and the absorption spectra of MoS/WS
and MoSe/WSe HBLs from first-principles calculations. We explore the
spectral positions, binding energies and the origins of inter and intralayer
excitons and compare our results with experimental observations. The absorption
spectra of the systems are obtained by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation on
top of a GW calculation which corrects the independent particle
eigenvalues obtained from density functional theory calculations. Our
calculations reveal that the lowest energy exciton in both HBLs possesses
interlayer character which is decisive regarding their possible device
applications. Due to the spatially separated nature of the charge carriers, the
binding energy of inter-layer excitons might be expected to be considerably
smaller than that of intra-layer ones. However, according to our calculations
the binding energy of lowest energy interlayer excitons is only 20\%
lower due to the weaker screening of the Coulomb interaction between layers of
the HBLs. Therefore, it can be deduced that the spectral positions of the
interlayer excitons with respect to intralayer ones are mostly determined by
the band offset of the constituent single-layers. By comparing oscillator
strengths and thermal occupation factors, we show that in luminescence at low
temperature, the interlayer exciton peak becomes dominant, while in absorption
it is almost invisible.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
International service learning
It is clear that a network of international service learning is in its formative stage, the authors point out. We must not allow the politics of service programs in the U.S. to blind us to the opportunities in other parts of the world that will enable us to advance the theory and ideology of service learning
Role of ZIP14 (SLC39A14) gene histidine rich regions in neural tube defects
Neural tube defects (NTDs) comprise a group of congenital malformations that includes spina bifida, anencephaly, meningomyelocele and encephalocele. Reports have implicated zinc deficiency as one of the causative factors of NTDs. Both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the etiology of NTDs. Inadequate folate intake and nutritional deficiency are important environmental risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the relation of a zinc related gene ZRT and IRT like protein 14 (ZIP14) and neural tube defects in Turkish patients. The case control study included seventy Turkish mothers who gave birth to NTD infants. Two hundred and thirty-nine healthy controls were consecutively selected without any congenital defects or familial NTD history. Following DNA extraction, PCR, SSCP and DNA sequencing analysis of exons of the ZIP14 gene were performed. Our data revealed that no relation of neural tube defects and ZIP14 was detected in Turkish NTD patients. Zinc deficiency have been reported as a risk factor for Turkish population and other possible zinc related gene defects may have importance.Keywords: Neural tube defects (NTDs); Zinc; ZIP1
Investigating femtosecond laser interaction with tellurite glass family
Focusing ultrafast laser pulses induce localized permanent structural modifications on the surface or in transparent materials, that are of particular interest for photonic applications. Among the materials of interest, the tellurite glass family is attractive for near-infrared and photonics applications due to its broad-transparency window and high optical nonlinearity. Here, we systematically investigate structural changes occurring in various TeO2-based glasses exposed to femtosecond laser with various laser parameters. Remarkably, in a regime where heat accumulated after successive pulses, we observed the formation of polarization-controlled self-organized patterns expanding well beyond the focal volume, suggesting the presence of an evanescent coupling mechanism enhancing the self-organization. In addition, our results, obtained with compositional elemental analysis coupled with Raman spectra suggest different ion migration mechanisms in the laser affected zone at the surface and inside the glass. The formation of crystalline tellurium (t-Te) from glass structural units due to photo-induced elemental dissociation was observed only at the surface. The formation of ultrathin layer of crystalline tellurium offers the possibility to explore structural transitions in two-dimensional (2D) glasses by observing changes in the short- and medium- range structural orders, induced by spatial confinement
Endoscopic Removal of an Unusual Foreign Body Causing Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Foreign body ingestion is a condition more common in the pediatric population than in adults. In adults, although foreign body ingestion can be well tolerated, approximately 10-20% of patients require endoscopic intervention. Delayed diagnosis and unremoved foreign bodies can cause serious and fatal complications including perforation, fistula and gastrointestinal bleeding. Here we report a patient with bleeding duodenal ulcer thought to be initiated by a large foreign body
Escherichia coli lacking the AcrAB multidrug efflux pump also lacks nonproteinaceous, PHB–polyphosphate Ca2+ channels in the membrane
AbstractPHB(polyP) complexes bind calcium and form calcium channels in the cytoplasmic membrane in Escherichia coli and are likely to be important in Ca2+ homeostasis in this organism. E. coli N43, which lacks the AcrA component of a major multidrug resistance pump, was shown to be defective in calcium handling, with an inability to maintain submicromolar levels of free Ca2+ in the cytoplasm. Therefore, using an N-phenyl-1-napthylamine (NPN)-dependent fluorescence assay, we measured temperature-dependent phase transitions in the membranes of intact cells. These transitions specifically depend on the presence of PHB(Ca2+polyP) complexes. PHB(Ca2+polyP) channel complexes, particularly in stationary phase cultures, were detected in wild-type strains; however, in contrast, isogenic acrA− strains had greatly reduced amounts of the complexes. This indicates that the AcrAB transporter may have a novel, hitherto undetected physiological role, either directly in the membrane assembly of the PHB complexes or the transport of a component of the membrane, which is essential for assembly of the complexes into the membrane. In other experiments, we showed that the particular defective calcium handling detected in N43 was not due to the absence of AcrA but to other unknown factors in this strain
Triticum dicoccoides: an important genetic resource for increasing zinc and iron concentration in modern cultivated wheat
One major strategy to increase the level of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in cereal crops, is to exploit the natural genetic variation in seed concentration of these micronutrients. Genotypic variation for Zn and Fe concentration in seeds among cultivated wheat cultivars is relatively narrow and limits the options to breed wheat genotypes with high concentration and bioavailability of Zn and Fe in seed. Alternatively, wild wheat might be an important genetic resource for enhancing micronutrient concentrations in seeds of cultivated wheat. Wild wheat is widespread in diverse environments in Turkey and other parts of the Fertile Crescent (e.g., Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, and Jordan). A large number of accessions of wild wheat and of its wild relatives were collected from the Fertile Crescent and screened for Fe and Zn concentrations as well as other mineral nutrients. Among wild wheat, the collections of wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (825 accessions) showed impressive variation and the highest concentrations of micronutrients, significantly exceeding those of cultivated wheat. The concentrations of Zn and Fe among the dicoccoides accessions varied from 14 to 190 mg kg(-1) DW for Zn and from 15 to 109 mg kg(-1) DW for Fe. Also for total amount of Zn and Fe per seed, dicoccoides accessions contained very high amount of Zn (up to 7 mug per seed) and Fe (up to 3.7 mug per seed). Such high genotypic variation could not be found for phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. In the case of modern cultivated wheat, seed concentrations of Zn and Fe were lower and less variable when compared to wild wheat accessions. There was a highly significant positive correlation between seed concentrations of Fe and Zn. Screening different series of dicoccoides substitution lines revealed that the chromosome 6A, 6B, and 5B of dicoccoides resulted in greater increase in Zn and Fe concentration when compared to their recipient parent and to other chromosome substitution lines. The results indicate that Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides (wild emmer) is an important genetic resource for increasing concentration and content of Zn and Fe in modern cultivated wheat
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