Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

A CDMA2000 Zero IF Receiver with Low-Leakage Integrated Front-End

This paper describes a highly integrated CDMA 2000 US-CEL band (880-MHz) receiver. The single-chip zero-IF design incorporates all receiver signal-path functions including the low-noise amplifier (LNA) on a single die. The complete receiver design exceeds the stringent linearity and local oscillator (LO) leakage requirements for this standard arising from the coexistence with narrow-band FM signals. The integrated LNA achieves 1.0-dB noise figure with +9-dBm IIP3 at high gain, and by maintaining LO leakage to the antenna port well below 80~dBm at all gain settings, no external LNA is required. The receiver is fabricated in a 0.25-µm 40-GHz ft BICMOS technology, and occupies 3mm2