Process studies of odour emissions from effluent ponds using machine-based odour measurement

Replicable experimental studies using a novel experimental facility and a machine-based odour quantification technique were conducted to demonstrate the relationship between odour emission rates and pond loading rates. The odour quantification technique consisted of an electronic nose, AromaScan A32S, and an artificial neural network. Odour concentrations determined by olfactometry were used along with the AromaScan responses to train the artificial neural network. The trained network was able to predict the odour emission rates for the test data with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. Time averaged odour emission rates predicted by the machine-based odour quantification technique, were strongly correlated with volatile solids loading rate, demonstrating the increased magnitude of emissions from a heavily loaded effluent pond. However, it was not possible to obtain the same relationship between volatile solids loading rates and odour emission rates from the individual data. It is concluded that taking a limited number of odour samples over a short period is unlikely to provide a representative rate of odour emissions from an effluent pond. A continuous odour monitoring instrument will be required for that more demanding task

Some characteristics of bypass transition in a heated boundary layer

Experimental measurements of both mean and conditionally sampled characteristics of laminar, transitional and low Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers on a heated flat plate are presented. Measurements were obtained in air over a range of freestream turbulence intensities from 0.3 percent to 6 percent with a freestream velocity of 30.5 m/s and zero pressure gradient. Conditional sampling performed in the transitional boundary layers indicate the existence of a near-wall drop in intermittency, especially pronounced at low intermittencies. Nonturbulent intervals were observed to possess large levels of low-frequency unsteadiness, and turbulent intervals had peak intensities as much as 50 percent higher than were measured at fully turbulent stations. Heat transfer results were consistent with results of previous researchers and Reynolds analogy factors were found to be well predicted by laminar and turbulent correlations which accounted for unheated starting length. A small dependence of the turbulent Reynolds analogy factors on freestream turbulence level was observed. Laminar boundary layer spectra indicated selective amplification of unstable frequencies. These instabilities appear to play a dominant role in the transition process only for the lowest freestream turbulence level studied, however

Divorce and Remarriage in the Light of Holy Scriptures

The purpose of this thesis is to point out what can and needs to be said and done to conquer this vexing problem and to promote harmonious and Christian family living. To that end we would now examine the Scriptural principles by which we are to be guided in this matter so that our efforts may be truly God-pleasing

The Essentials of Effective Pastoral Counseling

Pastoral counseling is an age-old art. When impenitent King David all but succumbed under the impact of a terrific sin, his divinely sent pastoral adviser, the prophet Nathan, deftly aided him to find a solution to his problem. By means of a well-chosen parable he first led him to recognize the enormity of his sin, and from there it was but a short step to confession, absolution, and a new lease on life. Scriptural examples of this blessed soul healing function could be greatly multiplied, especially from the ministry of Jesus and the Apostles

Study on 1 Timothy 1:3-11

Late in his career, in the early sixties, the Apostle Paul was able to carry out his projected visit to Asia and Macedonia (Philem. 22 and Phil. 1:25; 2:24), at which time he doubtless visited Crete, leaving Titus behind to supply the churches with pastors (Titus 1:5). Likewise he met with Timothy in Ephesus, upon whom he also prevailed not to accompany him to Macedonia, since evil forces were threatening to wreak havoc in the church (1 Cor. 16:9; Eph. 5:16; Acts 19:23 f.). Furthermore, the matter of staffing the churches with pastors and deacons needed attention (1 Tim. 3:1-10, 14-15). -In the section before us, the Apostle concentrates upon one specific problem, namely, that of the errorists in the Ephesian church

Book Review. - Literatur

Book Review. - Literatu

Book Review. - Literatur

Book Review. - Literatu

Homiletics: Outlines on Synodical Conference Epistles

Outlines on Synodical Conference Epistle

Application of computer-aided dispatch in law enforcement: An introductory planning guide

A set of planning guidelines for the application of computer-aided dispatching (CAD) to law enforcement is presented. Some essential characteristics and applications of CAD are outlined; the results of a survey of systems in the operational or planning phases are summarized. Requirements analysis, system concept design, implementation planning, and performance and cost modeling are described and demonstrated with numerous examples. Detailed descriptions of typical law enforcement CAD systems, and a list of vendor sources, are given in appendixes

Multi-community command and control systems in law enforcement: An introductory planning guide

A set of planning guidelines for multi-community command and control systems in law enforcement is presented. Essential characteristics and applications of these systems are outlined. Requirements analysis, system concept design, implementation planning, and performance and cost modeling are described and demonstrated with numerous examples. Program management techniques and joint powers agreements for multicommunity programs are discussed in detail. A description of a typical multi-community computer-aided dispatch system is appended