Soil-Ecological Characteristics of the Recreational Forest Ecosystems in Moscow

To understand the soil ecology of the forest ecosystem, the dynamics of soil-ecological indicators in the soil-plant system were studied through physical, chemical and biological parameters at various sites of the Forest Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University of Moscow Agricultural Academy; a unique forest ecosystem known for its heavy metal pollution and unregulated recreation. The results showed that soil compaction had the strongest ability to increase risk of heavy metal mobility. Recreational activity caused a 2-3-fold increase in the density of the soil, resulting in poor aeration and significant heavy metal contamination, affecting the stability and functioning of the green spaces. Moreover, the proximity of the urban environment had a negative effect on the state of the stand. The maximum heavy metal migration capacity determined by biological uptake was found in the root systems of 70-80-year-old oak tree stands and the minimum, in the roots of pine and birch phytocoenosis. The systems’ normal functions were hindered due to reduction in microbial activity

Sirtuins and chemokines as markers of replicative and induced senescence of human endotheliocytes

Background. One of the factors of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases is induced endothelial senescence. In this regard, the urgent task of molecular biology and medicine is the search for molecules that affect the process of vascular endotheliocytes senescence.The aim. To assess the expression of Sirt-1,3,6 and chemokines IL-4, CXCL11 in the replicative and induced senescence of human endotheliocytes.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the primary culture of isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were cultured under conditions of replicative (natural) and lipopolysaccharide induced senescence.Results. The synthesis of Sirt-1,3,6, IL-4 and CXCL11 was evaluated using western blot analysis. We revealed a decrease in Sirt-1,3,6 synthesis by 1.6–1.8 times (р < 0.05) in the conditions of HUVEC replicative senescence. Induced senescence of endotheliocytes is characterized by a more pronounced decrease (1.7–3.4 times; р < 0.05) in the Sirt-1,3,6 synthesis. CXCL11 synthesis increases by 1.4 times (р < 0.05) in replicative and by 3.4 times (р < 0.05) in induced HUVEC senescence. IL-4 synthesis increases by 4.7 times in conditions of induced HUVEC senescence and doesn’t have changes in replicative senescence of endotheliocytes.Conclusion. These data obtained indicate that sirtuins and chemokines play an important role in the development of endothelial dysfunction observed in natural and induced senescence

ОЖИРЕНИЕ И НАРУШЕНИЯ СНА У ДЕТЕЙ

Obesity — one of the main challenges for the public health around the world in the twenty-first  century. It is a leading risk factor for serious complications of the cardiovascular system resulting in 17 million deaths worldwide each year. In Russia only, among young people, the prevalence of the disease is 11,8–16,6% and growing, especially in the last decade. Along with obesity, the problem of sleep disorder becomes increasingly urgent. One of the main factors of sleep disorders with children is the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which is considered  as one of the main causes  of cardiovascular  problems  development  among adults. Depending  on the methods for its diagnosis, children’s OSA occurs in 1–13% of cases, and there is reason to believe that it often remains undiagnosed. With sleep disorders, children get stuck in a vicious circle that causes the development of insulin resistance, nocturnal hypoglycemia, and changes in carbohydrate metabolism.Ожирение  — одна из главных  проблем,  стоящих перед общественным здравоохранением  в ХХI веке. Оно является ведущим фактором  риска  серьезных  осложнений  работы  сердечно-сосудистой системы и приводит  ежегодно к 17 миллионам смертельных исходов во всем мире. В России только среди лиц молодого возраста распространенность заболевания  составляет  11,8–16,6% и продолжает увеличиваться, особенно в последнее  десятилетие.  С учетом роста ожирения все более актуальной становится проблема нарушений сна, часто сопутствующая этой патологии. Одно из главных мест в нарушениях сна у детей принадлежит синдрому обструктивного  апноэ сна (СОАС), который у взрослых рассматривается в качестве одной из основных причин развития сердечно-сосудистых катастроф. Детский СОАС в зависимости от используемых для его диагностики методов встречается в 1–13% случаев, и есть основания полагать, что он часто остается невыявленным. При нарушениях сна у детей запускается порочный круг, обусловливающий развитие инсулинорезистентности, ночной гипогликемии, изменения углеводного обмена

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ДОБАВЛЕНИЯ ПАНИТУМУМАБА К КОНВЕРСИОННОЙ ТЕРАПИИ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОГО РАКА С МЕТАСТАЗАМИ В ПЕЧЕНЬ

Panitumumab has been shown to increase progression free and overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.Our purpose was to evaluate whether panitumumab is effective and safe in patients with potentially resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).Methods. Consecutive analysis of data from 11 patients (KRAS wild) receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and panitumumab as converse preoperative treatment for potentially resectable CRLM. At the moment of presentation R0-liver resection was not possible due to technical reasons (small remnant volume, large liver vessels involvement etc.). We studied objective response rate, surgical characteristics, skin toxicity profile, and perioperative course. Also expression of EGFR-ligands (transforming growth factor-α and amphiregulin) and   expression of E-cadherin were studied.Results. After median 6 courses of treatment, metastatic liver tumors were reduced considerably (PR) in 8 pts (73 %). Radical liver resection (R0) with 3 median number of removed segments was done in 6 (55 %) patients. Two pts underwent successfully the two-stage surgery (1 – portal vein embolization and 1 – portal vein ligation with partial left resection). Two patients progressed on chemotherapy (18 %). There was no correlation between skin toxicity and response. Mean blood loss was 250 ml. Preoperative administration of panitumumab was associated with higher risk of postoperative infection complication (57.1 %).Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report about using panitumumab as conversion therapy before liver resection. The panitumumab and oxaliplatine-based regimen may increase the resection rate of liver metastases and influence on adhesive and proliferative activity of cancer cells. It is necessary to focus on postoperative infection complications.Доказано, что панитумумаб увеличивает выживаемость без прогрессирования и общую выживаемость у пациентов с метастазами колоректального рака (КРР) в печень.Целью нашего исследования стала оценка безопасности и эффективности добавления панитумумаба к лечению пациентов с потенциально резектабельными метастазами.Методы. В когортное проспективное исследование были включены 11 пациентов (дикий тип KRAS) с метастазами КРР в печень, расцененные исходно как «потенциально резектабельные» и получившие в качестве конверсионной предоперационной терапии панитумумаб в сочетании с химиотерапией на основе оксалиплатина в отделении хирургии печени, поджелудочной железы и желчных путей ФГБУ «РНЦХ им. акад. Б.В. Петровского» РАМН. К исследуемым параметрам относились частота и процент объективного ответа по критериям RECIST 1.1, оценка частоты выполнения резекции в объеме R0, интраоперационные и послеоперационные показатели, такие как кровопотеря во время операции, продолжительность операции, длительность пребывания в стационаре, осложнения, 30-дневная и 90-дневная летальность. Также изучалась экспрессия лигандов рецептора эпидермального фактора роста (EGFR) – трансформирующего фактора роста и амфирегулина, а также E-кадгерина.Результаты. После в среднем 6 курсов лечения частичный объективный ответ был зарегистрирован в 73 % случаев. Радикальную резекцию печени с удалением в среднем 3 сегментов удалось выполнить в один этап у 6 (55 %) пациентов. Два пациента успешно завершили двухэтапное лечение (1 – эмболизация воротной вены и 1 – перевязка правой воротной вены с сегментарной левосторонней резекцией). У 2 пациентов была зафиксирована прогрессия на фоне лечения. Корреляция между степенью выраженности кожной токсичности и объективным ответом отсутствовала. Медиана кровопотери составила 250 мл. Предоперационная терапия панитумумабом сопровождалась повышенным риском послеоперационных инфекционных осложнений (57,1 %).Выводы. По нашим данным, это первое исследование, в котором изучалось добавление панитумумаба к конверсионной терапии метастатического КРР до резекции печени. Режим лечения с использованием панитумумаба и оксалиплатина может увеличить частоту успешных резекций печени и влиять на адгезивные и пролиферативные свойства опухолевых клеток. Необходимо уделять внимание возможности развития послеоперационных инфекционных осложнений.

EFFECT OF CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES DOPING WITH RARE EARTH ELEMENTS ON CATALYTIC ACTIVITY

The effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles doping with erbium and samarium ions on the redox properties was studied. Rare earth doped СеО2 nanoparticles exhibit higher catalase enzyme-like activity. Among doped samples, the erbium-doped СеО2 nanoparticles demon-strated the highest catalytic activity

Prediction of bioaccessible lead in urban and suburban soils with Vis-NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

The successful use of visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy analysis requires selecting an optimal procedure of data acquisition and an accurate modeling approach. In this study, Vis-NIR with 350–2500 nm wavelengths were applied to detect different forms of lead (Pb) through the spectrally active soil constituents combining principal component regression (PCR) and Partial least-square regression (PLSR) for the Vis-NIR model calibration. Three clouds with different soil spectral properties were divided by the Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in categories of Pb contamination risks: “low,” “health,” “ecological,” ranging from 200 to 750 mg kg−1. Farm soils were used for calibration (n = 26), and more polluted garden soils (n = 36) from New York City were used for validation. Total and bioaccessible Pb concentrations were examined with PLSR models and compared with Support Vector Machine (SVM) Regression and Boosting Regression Tree (BRT) models. Performances of all models' predictions were qualitatively evaluated by the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Residual Prediction Deviation (RPD), and coefficient of determination (R2). For total Pb, the best predictive models were obtained with BRT (R2 = 0.82 and RMSE 341.80 mg kg−1) followed by SVM (validation, R2 = 0.77 and RMSE 337.96 mg kg−1), and lastly by PLSR (validation, R2 = 0.74 and RMSE 499.04 mg kg−1). The PLSR technique is the most accurate calibration model for bioaccessible Pb with an R2 value of 0.91 and RMSE of 68.27 mg kg−1. The regression analysis indicated that bioaccessible Pb is strongly influenced by organic content, and to a lesser extent, by Fe concentrations. Although PLSR obtained lower accuracy, the model selected many characteristic bands and, thus, provided accurate approach for Pb pollution monitoring. © 2021 Elsevier B.V

OBESITY AND SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN CHILDREN

Obesity — one of the main challenges for the public health around the world in the twenty-first  century. It is a leading risk factor for serious complications of the cardiovascular system resulting in 17 million deaths worldwide each year. In Russia only, among young people, the prevalence of the disease is 11,8–16,6% and growing, especially in the last decade. Along with obesity, the problem of sleep disorder becomes increasingly urgent. One of the main factors of sleep disorders with children is the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which is considered  as one of the main causes  of cardiovascular  problems  development  among adults. Depending  on the methods for its diagnosis, children’s OSA occurs in 1–13% of cases, and there is reason to believe that it often remains undiagnosed. With sleep disorders, children get stuck in a vicious circle that causes the development of insulin resistance, nocturnal hypoglycemia, and changes in carbohydrate metabolism

Advanced determination of the spatial gradient of human health risk and ecological risk from exposure to As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils near the Ventanas Industrial Complex (Puchuncaví, Chile)

The townships of Puchuncaví and Quintero, on the coast of central Chile, have soils contaminated by atmospheric deposition of sulfur dioxide and trace elements from the nearby Ventanas Industrial Complex. The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential human health and ecological risks, by determining the spatial distribution of soil total concentrations arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in these townships. Total concentrations of these elements were determined in 245 topsoil samples, used to generate continuous distribution maps. The background concentrations of Cu, As, Pb, and Zn in the studied soils were 100, 16, 35, and 122 mg kg−1, respectively. The concentrations of Cu, As, and Pb were positively correlated with each other, suggesting that their source is the Ventanas copper smelter. On the other hand, correlations for Zn were weaker than for other trace elements, suggesting low impact of the Ventanas copper smelter on spatial distribution of Zn. Indeed, only 6% of the study area exhibited Zn concentrations above the background level. In contrast, 77, 32 and 35% of the study area presented Cu, As, and Pb concentrations, respectively, above the background level. The carcinogenic risk due to exposure to As was above the threshold value of 10−04 in the population of young children (1–5 years old) on 27% of the study area. These risk values are classified as unacceptable, which require specific intervention by the Chilean government. Based on the estimated concentrations of exchangeable Cu, 10, 15, and 75% of the study area exhibited high, medium, and low phytotoxicity risk, respectively. © 2019 Elsevier LtdCarcinogenic risk for children was above the threshold on 27% of the study area. High, medium, and low phytotoxicity risk was on 10, 15, and 75% of the study area, respectively. © 2019 Elsevier Lt