Stages of development of bissness-education ihn Russia

This article reveals the main stages in the development of business education in Russia. The author gives the notion of business education and highlights the stages of development, and represents the challenges faced by business education at every stage. The article describes in detail a number of disciplines were taught at every stage of development. The author shows the current statistics on ranking agencies on the Status of Russian business schools in the world. In article identified the main tendencies of business schools development.Данная статья раскрывает основные этапы развития бизнес-образования в России. Автор дает понятие бизнес-образованию и выделяет стадии развития, а также обозначает проблемы, с которыми столкнулось бизнес-образование на каждом этапе. В статье подробно раскрыт предметный ряд дисциплин, которые преподавались на каждом этапе развития. Приведена актуальная статистика рейтинговых агенств по положению бизнес-школ России на мировой арене. Выявлены основные тенденции развития бизнес-школ

Genetic analysis of symbiosome formation

Endosymbiotic interactions form a fundament of life as we know it and are characterized by the formation of new specialized membrane compartments, in which the microbes are hosted inside living plant cells. A striking example is the symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria (rhizobia), which represents the most important source of biologically fixed nitrogen. The accommodation of rhizobia as novel nitrogen-fixing organelles, called symbiosomes, inside the cells of a novel organ, the root nodule, forms the heart of this ecologically and agriculturally important symbiosis. Understanding how these organelles are made will be keystone to exploit this symbiosis for sustainable agriculture in the future. In this thesis, we undertook a genetic approach to identity key components that control symbiosome formation especially in the genetically well-characterized garden pea (Pisum sativum) system. At the start of this thesis, the most extensive and morphologically best-characterized collection of mutants impaired in symbiosome formation was, and currently still is, available in pea. However, the cloning of the corresponding genes is severely hampered by its large genome size and recalcitrance to genetic transformation. Therefore, we used the model legume Medicago truncatula (Medicago) as reference genome to clone pea symbiosome mutants via a synteny-based cloning approach. We focused especially on three mutants in pea, named sym33, sym41 and sym31, which are affected most early in symbiosome formation: namely blocked in the release of bacteria from cell wall bound infection threads inside root nodule cells (sym33 and sym41) or induction of the subsequent differentiation of the symbiosomes (sym31). In Chapter 1, a general introduction is given on the process of symbiosome formation in legume root nodules. In this introduction, we focus on mechanisms by which these new nitrogen-fixing organelles are formed and address some of the recent insights, most of which were obtained after the start of this thesis, into plant components that control this process, which have been obtained from genetic studies in pea and the model legumes Medicago and Lotus japonicus (Lotus). Pea is part of the Papillionoid legume subfamily and closely related to the model legume Medicago. It has been shown that there is extensive synteny between the pea and Medicago genomes, which offers an efficient strategy to clone pea gene using Medicago as intergenomic cloning vehicle. In Chapter 2, we outline this synteny-based cloning approach and the molecular tools that we created to clone the pea genes required for symbiosome formation. In addition, we describe an efficient method to obtain transgenic roots via Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated root transformation in pea that facilitates the functional analysis of pea genes in root endosymbioses. In Chapter 3, we report the cloning of the pea Sym33 and Medicago SYM1 genes those mutants are most strongly impaired in their ability to form symbiosomes, i.e. the release of rhizobia from the cell wall bound infection threads. Both pea Sym33 and Medicago SYM1 encode the interacting protein of DMI3, IPD3. IPD3 was shown to interact with DMI3/CCaMK, a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent kinase that is an essential component of the common symbiotic signalling pathway for both rhizobial symbiosis and arbuscular mycorrhiza. Our data reveal a novel, key role for IPD3 in symbiosome formation and development. Further, we show that MtIPD3 is required for the expression of a nodule-specific remorin MtSYMREM1, which is required for proper infection thread growth and essential for symbiosome formation. In Chapter 4, we report the synteny-based cloning of the pea sym41 mutant that is also impaired in the release of the bacteria from the infection threads. We show that Sym41 represents a weak allele of the common symbiotic signalling gene PsSym19/MtDMI2, a leucine-rich repeat domain containing receptor kinase that is essential for both rhizobial and mycorrhizal endosymbioses. Sym41 contains a splice-site mutation in intron 9, by which the formation of a functional transcript is reduced by ~90%. The implication of Sym19/DMI2 together with the identified role of Sym33/IPD3 in symbiosome formation (Chapter 3) strongly indicate that rhizobia have co-opted the signalling pathway from the ancient arbuscular mycorrhiza to be hosted as new organelles inside root nodule cells. In Chapter 5, we describe the synteny-based mapping of pea sym31, a mutant impaired in symbiosome differentiation. By making use of the synteny with Medicago, we fine mapped the Sym31 gene to a region of ~2.5 cM, which corresponds to a In Chapter 6, we summarize and discuss our current insight into symbiosome formation and its relation to the arbuscular mycorrhiza and we give a perspective on the future of cloning the pea genes required for endosymbioses. </p

Proton configurations in the hydrogen bonds of KH2PO4 as seen by resonant x-ray diffraction

KH2PO4 (KDP) belongs to the class of hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics, whose paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transition is driven by the ordering of the protons in the hydrogen bonds. We demonstrate that forbidden reflections of KDP, when measured at an x-ray absorption edge, are highly sensitive to the asymmetry of proton configurations. The change of average symmetry caused by the "freezing" of the protons during the phase transition is clearly evidenced. In the paraelectric phase, we identify in the resonant spectra of the forbidden reflections a contribution related to the transient proton configurations in the hydrogen bonds, which violates the high average symmetry of the sites of the resonant atoms. The analysis of the temperature dependence reveals a change of relative probabilities of the different proton configurations. They follow the Arrhenius law, and the activation energies of polar and Slater configurations are 18.6 and 7.3 meV, respectively

Fitness in the education system

The authors consider the questions of the deliberate introduction fitness technologies in the system of physical education, physical culture for the development and education of children and teenagers, the youth, the recovery of the populationАвторы рассматривают вопросы целенаправленного внедрения фитнес-технологий в систему физкультурного образования, в занятия физической культурой для развития и воспитания детей и подростков, учащейся молодежи, оздоровления населени

Physical culture in the mode of the day the younger schoolboys

In the article the necessity of physical activity in the mode of the day younger pupils. Motor mode student is a mandatory part of the daily routine. It allows to satisfy a physiological need in motion, promotes the development of basic motor skills and to maintain efficiencyВ статье рассмотрена необходимость двигательной активности в режиме дня младшего школьника. Двигательный режим школьника является обязательной составной частью общего распорядка дня. Он позволяет удовлетворить физиологическую потребность в движении, способствует развитию основных двигательных качеств и поддержанию работоспособност

Potential of regional devtlopment: problems training of qvalified staff

The article shows that effective regional development is impossible without highly qualified personnel who leave the weak areas in search of application of the forces in the more advanced and developed regions. The recommendations for the establishment of regional support universities able to conduct training necessary for regional development.В статье показано, что эффективное региональное развитие невозможно без высококвалифицированных кадров, которые покидают слабые территории в поисках приложения своих сил в более перспективных и развитых регионах. Даются рекомендации по формированию региональных опорных вузов, способных вести подготовку кадров, необходимых для регионального развития

The Fermi surface reconstruction in stripe phases of cuprates

Mean-field study of the stripe structures is conducted for a hole-doped Hubbard model. For bond-directed stripes, the Fermi surface consists of segments of an open surface and the boundaries of the hole pockets which appear in the diagonal region of momenta under certain conditions. Segments of the first type are due to one-dimensional bands of states localized on the domain walls. The relation of bands to the doping and temperature dependences of the Hall constant is discussed. In connection with the observation of quantum magnetic oscillations, a systematic search for the electron pockets has been carried out. It is shown that the formation of such pockets in bilayer models is quite possible.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

An X-ray study of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the weak ferromagnet FeBO3

International audienceWe report on the axis, magnitude and direction of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction in the weak ferromagnet FeBO3. The latter relies on the determination of the phase of the magnetic x-ray scattering amplitude. We outline a new technique based on interference with forbidden quadrupole resonant scattering to obtain this phase information