Is an Integrated Regional Labor Market Emergin in East and Southeast Asia?

We examine labor market integration in east and southeast Asia (ESEA) during the 1980s, focusing on intraregional labor mobility and on the two other main channels of integration: capital mobility and trade. We find evidence that labor market integration increased sharply among ESEA countries in the 1980s, with 9 percent of ESEA's labor force participating either directly via labor mobility or indirectly via capital mobility or trade in cross-national labor market transactions in 1991, up from just 5.2 percent in 1980. We also find that trade is the dominant mechanism through which regional labor market integration occurred in the 1980s, with labor migration contributing only modestly to the process.

Analisis Yuridis terhadap Mahar yang Terhutang Sampai Terjadi Perceraian (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Syar'iyah Bireuen Nomor: 178/pdt-g/2013/ms-bir)

A marriage with owed dowry in the Islamic law is legitimate when it fulfills all marriage requirements. The obligation of giving dowry is not the requirement in a marriage. An owed dowry does not affect the validity of a marriage, but it has to be given by a husband to his wife. Some factors which cause a husband not to give a dowry to his wife are as follows: first, economic factor in which a man with low income feels that he cannot afford to provide dowry. Secondly, it is a socio-cultural reason in which the value of dowry in the Acehnese culture is a symbol of honor and prestige for both families. For the women's side, the high value of dowry indicates her social position. Thirdly, a husband's lack of kno9wledge of dowry; if later on it is paid off, it is by the court's verdict and not by the husband's willingness. The Panel of Judges also consider that the complaint about dowry as the result of divorce is a kind of judgment toward the wife by providing protection and increasing a woman's dignity in getting her right for dowry

Prickle1 is required for EMT and migration of zebrafish cranial neural crest

The neural crest—a key innovation of the vertebrates—gives rise to diverse cell types including melanocytes, neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, and chondrocytes of the jaw and skull. Proper development of the cephalic region is dependent on the tightly-regulated specification and migration of cranial neural crest cells (NCCs). The core PCP proteins Frizzled and Disheveled have previously been implicated in NCC migration. Here we investigate the functions of the core PCP proteins Prickle1a and Prickle1b in zebrafish cranial NCC development. Using analysis of pk1a and pk1b mutant embryos, we uncover similar roles for both genes in facilitating cranial NCC migration. Disruption of either gene causes pre-migratory NCCs to cluster together at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, where they adopt aberrant polarity and movement. Critically, in investigating Pk1-deficient cells that fail to migrate ventrolaterally, we have also uncovered roles for pk1a and pk1b in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pre-migratory NCCs that precedes their collective migration to the periphery. Normally, during EMT, pre-migratory NCCs transition from a neuroepithelial to a bleb-based and subsequently, mesenchymal morphology capable of directed migration. When either Pk1a or Pk1b is disrupted, NCCs continue to perform blebbing behaviors characteristic of pre-migratory cells over extended time periods, indicating a block in a key transition during EMT. Although some Pk1-deficient NCCs transition successfully to mesenchymal, migratory morphologies, they fail to separate from neighboring NCCs. Additionally, Pk1b-deficient NCCs show elevated levels of E-Cadherin and reduced levels of N-Cadherin, suggesting that Prickle1 molecules regulate Cadherin levels to ensure the completion of EMT and the commencement of cranial NCC migration. We conclude that Pk1 plays crucial roles in cranial NCCs both during EMT and migration. These roles are dependent on the regulation of E-Cad and N-Cad

Komunikasi Antarbudaya Studi Negosiasi Wajah dalam Interaksi Etnik Batak dan Etnik Minang di Duri Kelurahan Gajah Sakti Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis

Indonesian society is a plural society. This pluralism is made up of diverse national backgrounds in tribes, religions, races and classes. In addition to this every culture also has certain characteristics such as differences in language, customs, and habits, food and norms and values are believed. This makes the two ethnics in the city Duri ethnic Batak and ethnic Minang require to be able to adapt to different cultures. In the process of daily interaction the differences between ethnic Batak and ethnic Minang cause misunderstandings occur in everyday interactions seen from the form Facework seen from the negotiation of the face of each ethnic. This study aims to determine the forms of intercultural communication facework between ethnic batak and ethnic Minang when interacting in their daily life as well as ethnic conflict management in facial rescue to maintain their respective cultural identity in the city of Duri Kelurahan Gajah Sakti, Mandau District Bengkalis District.This research uses qualitative method with Phenomenology approach by Alfred Schutz. The location of this research is in Duri City of Gajah Sakti Village, Mandau Sub-district, Bengkalis Regency. Informants in this study amounted to ten people and determined by purposive technique. Data collection techniques used in the form of observation, interview and documentation. In achieving the validity of the data in this study, the authors use extension of participation and triangulation.The results of this study indicate that the intercultural interactions that.occur between ethnic Batak and ethnic Minang show accommodative behavior in the form of Facework through facial negotiation in the form of verbal and nonverbal when interacting in ethnic batak ethnic and ethnic Minang. Intercultural communication of ethnic Batak and ethnic Minang also experience obstacles such as cultural barriers, parangliustik, different perceptions and different nonverbal habits. These barriers are resolved through conflict managem

Is an Integrated Regional Labor Market Emerging in East and Southeast Asia?

We examine labor market integration in east and southeast Asia (ESEA) during the 1980s, focusing on intraregional labor mobility and on the two other main channels of integration: capital mobility and trade. We find evidence that labor market integration increased sharply among ESEA countries in the 1980s, with 9 percent of ESEA's labor force participating, either directly via labor mobility or indirectly via capital mobility or trade, in cross-national labor market transactions in 1991, up from just 5.2 percent in 1980. We also find that trade is the dominant mechanism through which regional labor market integration occurred in the 1980s, with labor migration contributing only modestly to the process