Strategies for disclosing HIV status to sexual partners and their relationship to healthcare provision

A comunicação de diagnóstico de HIV a parceiros sexuais representa um desafio às práticas de saúde e evidenciam tanto a responsabilidade com o controle da epidemia quanto com o bem-estar psicossocial do paciente. O objetivo do estudo é apreender as estratégias utilizadas pelos profissionais de saúde para a realização da comunicação. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo baseado nos discursos de profissionais de saúde e pacientes de serviços especializados em DST/AIDS do Município de São Paulo, Brasil, com entrevistas individuais e grupos focal e educativo. Oscila-se entre estratégias de ameaça e de cumplicidade e o principal foco é minimizar o estigma que cerca o portador do vírus. Vislumbra-se que a ativa problematização do estigma nas situações concretas da atenção pode ser um caminho possível e prático para o seu enfrentamento, por meio da criação de repertórios argumentativos, possibilitando a emergência de horizontes normativos técnica, ética e politicamente relevantes para integrar comunicação de diagnóstico de HIV ao parceiro sexual e atenção à saúde das pessoas vivendo com HIV.Disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners poses a challenge during healthcare provision, highlighting both the responsibility for controlling the epidemic and ensuring the patient's psychosocial well-being. This study's objective was to grasp the strategies used by health professionals for such disclosure. This is a qualitative study based on the discourse of health professionals and patients at specialized STD/AIDS clinics in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using individual interviews and focus and educational groups. The strategies range from threatening to complicity, and the main focus is to minimize the stigma attached to individuals with HIV. It is believed that an active problem-solving approach to stigma in real situations in the clinic can provide a possible and practical path for dealing with such stigma, by creating argumentative repertoires, allowing the emergence of normative horizons that are technically, ethically, and politically relevant for integrating disclosure of the HIV diagnosis to the sexual partner and healthcare for persons with HIV

The social imaginary about SUS and the vulnerability of men to access to diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections

It is postulated the difficulty of men in the access to diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Considering that access is also molded by sociocultural and symbolic dimensions, it is discussed if and how men’s apprehensions of SUS (the Unified Health System), can make them vulnerable when seeking for care, facing a suspicion of STI, holding as reference the notion of social imaginary. From the execution of four focal groups, it was analyzed the speeches of men about places where they would look for help, in case of suspicion of STI. The negative image that they have about the public health system is built from references that extrapolate their direct experience, in which the media seems to have a preponderant role. To the criticism of SUS private health insurance emerge with redeeming solution. Despite the importance of social participation, this notion was not present in those speeches, leading to the necessity of better comprehending and fomenting such initiativ

Prevalence of malocclusions in the 13-20-year-old categories of football athletes

The dentist can offer athletes improvement in their physical performance through the maintenance of oral health, preventing and treating any and all changes in the stomatognathic system, such as dental malocclusions, that compromise the athletes' performance. The objective of this study is to research the presence of dental malocclusions in athletes of the category between 13 and 20 years of age, from the São Paulo Football Club. 84 athletes participated in this study, dealing with the following topics: molar relation (Angle's classification); presence of overbite; underbite; overcrowding; abnormal spacing; open bite; and anterior, posterior, bilateral and unilateral crossbite; midline deviation and facial type (mesofacial, brachyfacial and dolichofacial). Only one table was made, showing percentages. In regard to Angle's molar relation, 89% are in Class I, 8% in Class II, 3% Class III, 9% of the athletes had overbite, 4% had underbite, 13% had overcrowding and 21% had abnormal spacing. In regard to the bite, 11% presented anterior open bite. In regard to crossbite, 7% presented unilateral crossbite on the right side and 2% on the left side; 5% presented posterior crossbite and 4% anterior crossbite. In regard to midline deviations, 4% presented deviation in the maxilla and 33% in the mandible. In regard to facial type: 39% are dolichofacial, 4% brachyfacial and 57% mesofacial. Based on the results shown, proposals for the implementation of dental, phoniatric, and Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) practices are already being discussed with the multidisciplinary team of the club involved

Direitos humanos e ajuda pública ao desenvolvimento em Angola

A nível global é cada vez maior a preocupação com a inserção dos direitos humanos nas políticas de desenvolvimento. Actualmente a vertente direitos humanos faz-se sentir fortemente nas políticas de cooperação das organizações regionais, multilaterais e também a nível bilateral, reconhecida que é a sua importância para o desenvolvimento integrado e sustentado dos países em desenvolvimento e consequente redução da fome e pobreza extrema. Esta dissertação tem como enfoque a análise da evolução da componente direitos humanos na ajuda pública ao desenvolvimento canalizada para Angola. São abordados aspectos gerais relacionados à cooperação, desenvolvimento, e direitos humanos procurando-se perceber que papel os direitos humanos têm na construção do desenvolvimento em geral e de Angola em particular, qual a relação existente entre cooperação e desenvolvimento, se esta cooperação efectivamente tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento de Angola e se ela é materializada com respeito e privilegiando os direitos humanos na sua implementação; ABSTRACT: At the global level is increasing concern about the inclusion of human rights in development policies. Today the human rights component is felt strongly in the political cooperation of regional organizations, multilateral and also bilaterally, which is recognized its importance to the integrated and sustainable in developing countries and the consequent reduction of hunger and extreme poverty. This dissertation focuses on the analysis of the evolution of the human rights component in ODA channeled to Angola.General aspects are discussed related to the cooperation, development, human rights and seeking to understand what role human rights play in the construction of the development in general and Angola in particular, what is the relationship between cooperation and development, if such cooperation has contributed effectively for the development of Angola and if it is materialized with respect and focusing on human rights in its implementation

O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS SOCIAIS PARA O FORNECIMENTO DE ÁGUA POTÁVEL NA COMUNIDADE NOSSA SENHORA DE FÁTIMA

Inappropriate water resources for human consumption can cause waterborne diseases. Therefore, the use of drinking water is of fundamental importance for health and good quality of life. This work was based on proposing the construction and use of handcrafted filters, at low cost, as sociais technologies aimed at obtaining drinking water in the Nossa Senhora de Fátima community in the Jardim Tropical neighborhood in the municipality of Breves. To achieve the proposed objective, it was necessary to identify the characteristics of the community where the work was carried out. It was also necessary to show, through an interactive educational lecture, the importance of conserving water resources and which filters can be built, at low cost, and used to lead a healthier life. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the parish priest and the Community Leader in the Category of Managers, in addition to multiple-choice questionnaires being applied to 18 community members in the Community Category. With this study it was found that the community of Nossa Senhora de Fatima is configured with a low-income profile and does not have access to drinking water, one of the most basic human rights. Thus, by building and using low-cost handmade filters, they obtained, for a minimum amount and in a sustainable way, water suitable for human consumption, thus contributing to reduce the spread of waterborne diseases.  Los recursos hídricos no aptos para el consumo humano pueden traer enfermedades transmisoras de agua. Por lo tanto, el uso de agua potable es de fundamental importancia para la salud y la buena calidad de vida. Este trabajo se basó en proponer la construcción y uso de filtros artesanales, de bajo costo, como tecnologías sociales orientadas a la obtención de agua potable en la Comunidad de Nuestra Señora de Fátima del barrio Jardim Tropical en el municipio de Breves. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto, fue necesario identificar las características de la comunidad donde se desarrolló el trabajo. También fue necesario mostrar, a través de una conferencia educativa interactiva, la importancia de la conservación de los recursos hídricos y qué filtros se pueden construir, con bajo costo, y utilizar para tener una vida más saludable. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con el Párroco del municipio y con el Líder Comunitario en la Categoría de Gerentes, además de que se aplicaron cuestionarios de opción múltiple a 18 miembros de la comunidad en la Categoría de Miembros de la Comunidad. Con este estudio se encontró que la Comunidad de Nuestra Señora de Fátima está configurada con un perfil de bajos ingresos y no tiene acceso al agua potable, uno de los derechos más básicos del ser humano. Así, mediante la construcción y el uso de filtros manuales de bajo costo, obtuvieron, por un valor mínimo y de manera sostenible, agua propia del consumo humano.Os recursos hídricos impróprios para o consumo humano podem trazer doenças de veiculação hídrica. Por isso é de fundamental relevância, para a saúde e boa qualidade de vida, a utilização de água potável. Este trabalho se pautou em propor a construção e utilização de filtros artesanais, de baixo custo, como tecnologias sociais voltadas para a obtenção de água potável na comunidade Nossa Senhora de Fátima do bairro Jardim Tropical no município de Breves. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto se fez necessário identificar as características da comunidade onde o trabalho foi desenvolvido. Foi preciso ainda mostrar, por meio de palestra educativa interativa, a importância da conservação dos recursos hídricos e quais filtros podem ser construídos, com baixo custo, e utilizados para se ter uma vida mais saudável. Foram efetuadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com o Pároco do município e com o Dirigente da Comunidade na Categoria dos Gestores, além de serem aplicados questionários, de múltipla escolha, para 18 comunitários na Categoria dos Comunitários. Com este estudo constatou-se que a comunidade Nossa Senhora de Fátima se configura com um perfil de baixa e renda e não possui acesso à água potável, um dos direitos mais básicos do ser humano. Assim, ao construir e utilizar filtros artesanais de baixo custo obtiveram, por um valor mínimo e de forma sustentável, água própria para o consumo humano, contribuindo, dessa maneira, para reduzir a proliferação de doenças de veiculação hídrica.

Recognizing territorial vulnerabilities to Zika virus: a participatory health education model

INTRODUCTION: Considering that the engagement of the population in the control of arboviruses should not be restricted to care to avoid domestic foci of the Aedes aegypti, health education initiatives must approach the social health determinants in the territories. OBJETIVE: To describe a proposal for a pedagogical model aimed at community participation in recognizing vulnerabilities to the Zika virus and the main results of its application. METHODS: Based on Paulo Freire’s critical-problematizing pedagogy and within the framework of vulnerability and human rights, a workshop model was developed and applied in participatory research to train community health workers to diagnose local vulnerabilities to the Zika virus in a community of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four 20-hour workshops were held in weekly meetings with 38 participants. It included activities involving territory mapping, experiences with the virus, and identifying community spaces vulnerable to the proliferation of mosquitos. RESULTS: The proposed pedagogical model identified territorial spaces vulnerable to the proliferation of mosquitoes that do not depend only on the will or behavior of its residents. These aspects are conditioned to social contexts that express the tense relationship between residents, the State, and drug traffickers with a vital power relationship in the territory. CONCLUSIONS: By transcending the traditional vertical health education model, the proposed participatory method was sensitive and timely to capture the participants’ deep knowledge of the territory of residence, not only to identify mosquito foci but, above all, understanding multiple vulnerability determinations

TTX-sensitive Na+ and nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channels in rat vas deferens smooth muscle cells

The inward currents in single smooth muscle cells (SMC) isolated from epididymal part of rat vas deferens have been studied using whole-cell patch-clamp method. Depolarising steps from holding potential -90 mV evoked inward current with fast and slow components. the component with slow activation possessed voltage-dependent and pharmacological properties characteristic for Ca2+ current carried through L-type calcium channels (I-Ca). the fast component of inward current was activated at around -40 mV, reached its peak at 0 mV, and disappeared upon removal of Na ions from bath solution. This current was blocked in dose-dependent manner by tetrodotoxin (TTX) with an apparent dissociation constant of 6.7 nM. On the basis of voltage-dependent characteristics, TTX sensitivity of fast component of inward current and its disappearance in Na-free solution it is suggested that this current is TTX-sensitive depolarisation activated sodium current (I-Na) Cell dialysis with a pipette solution containing no macroergic compounds resulted in significant inhibition of I-Ca (depression of peak I-Ca by about 81% was observed by 13 min of dialysis), while I-Na remained unaffected during 50 min of dialysis. These data draw first evidence for the existence of TTX-sensitive Na+ current in single SMC isolated from rat vas deferens. These Na+ channels do not appear to be regulated by a phosphorylation process under resting conditions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Bogomoletz Inst Physiol, Nerve Muscle Physiol Dept, UA-24 Kiev, UkraineUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pharmacol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pharmacol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Mudanças na habitação estudantil

A habitação voltada para estudantes universitários tem se destacado como um segmento de mercado lucrativo em diversas áreas urbanas. A concentração de residências estudantis privadas em cidades comumente conhecidas como "universitárias" tem sido objeto de investigação sob a perspectiva das teorias de estudantificação (studentification), desenvolvidas no campo da Geografia a partir dos anos 2000. Este artigo aborda o fenômeno da estudantificação na cidade de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, ao longo das últimas três décadas (1990-2020) e analisa como o mercado imobiliário tem influenciado a produção habitacional destinada a estudantes universitários na cidade. Especificamente, o foco recai sobre a construção de edifícios de apartamentos localizados em proximidade a instituições de ensino superior. A hipótese em questão sugere que os processos de estudantificação gradualmente transformam os padrões habitacionais e a configuração espacial das moradias, direcionando a produção para modelos de habitação cada vez mais individualizados. A pesquisa se fundamenta na análise da configuração espacial de apartamentos, empregando abordagens morfológicas e sintático-espaciais. Os resultados revelam uma progressiva redução das áreas úteis e do número de cômodos nos apartamentos, uma sobreposição de funções em ambientes, bem como a eliminação de áreas de circulação e espaços de convivência nas residências estudantis

Evaluation Model of Virtual Learning Environments: A Pilot Study

Virtual learning environments (VLE) have frequently been used in educational practices, and the evaluation of their effectiveness as instruments to support learning gains must consider several dimensions. This paper presents an evaluation model for VLE, called MA-AVA (Model for the Evaluation of VLE), built after a review of the literature and focused on verifying students\u27 learning gains. The MA-AVA evaluation model was applied in a pilot study to an undergraduate engineering class, using a VLE, Educ-MAS-GA, in the discipline of Analytical Geometry. The results indicate that, although students\u27 perception of learning in VLE is relevant, the knowledge acquired is more subtle and difficult to assess. Therefore, a VLE learning evaluation model should include different dimensions of learning, such as the students’ perceptions and their measures of learning gain

Systematic Study of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) in the Manufacturing of Protector Devices for the Orofacial System

Fracture of facial bones and dental elements, and laceration of soft tissue, have increased in sports over recent years. Dentist is the only professional responsible for the mouth protection design, the knowledge about suitable materials is essential. EVA is a thermoplastic material, available in the market, easy of handling and processing, and low-cost. However, it is important to understand the mechanical properties and ability to absorb and to dissipate the impact energy, when this material is submitted to different environments, such as oral cavity with saliva and different temperatures. This chapter show provides a systematic evaluation of the EVA application in orofacial protectors while focusing on sports. The research comprises two aspects: experimental tests and numerical analyses. During experimental tests, EVA was analyzed in special buccal conditions, concerning temperature and presence of saliva. Regarding the presence of saliva, more specific studies about its influence on the mechanical behavior of EVA were performed. In the numerical analyses of the EVA orofacial protector, the studies focused on its effect on the nasal bone integrity, and in the zygomatic bone protection. However, life cycle should be analyzed, since its performance deteriorates over time. Mainly due to the saliva-originated changes to the EVA mechanical characteristics, it can behave as a rigid material. For facial protection, a better performance is obtained with a combination of rigid and soft EVA material. According to the experimental and numerical results from a systematic study of EVA, its application to orofacial protection can be considered satisfactory