Psychosocial working conditions and the risk of depression and anxiety disorders in the Danish workforce

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To examine the risk of depressive and anxiety disorders according to psychosocial working conditions in a large population-based sample.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Job Exposure Matrix was applied to assess psychosocial working conditions in a population-based nested case-control study of 14,166 psychiatric patients, diagnosed with depressive or anxiety disorders during 1995–1998 selected from The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register, compared with 58,060 controls drawn from Statistics Denmark's Integrated Database for Labour Market Research.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Low job control was associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders in men (IRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24–1.58).</p> <p>In women an elevated risk of depression was related to high emotional demands (IRR 1.39, 95%CI 1.22–1.58) and to working with people (IRR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01–1.30). In both sexes high demands were associated with a decreased risk of anxiety disorders. There was a weak association between job strain and anxiety disorders in men (IRR 1.13, 95%, CI 1.02–1.25)</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Psychosocial work exposures related to the risk of depressive and anxiety disorders differ as between the sexes. The pattern of risks is inconsistent. The results give rise to rethinking both study designs and possible causal links between work exposures and mental health.</p

Elevskador i ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv Vad kan vi lära av kommunbaserade skolstudier?

Examination of the research literature have been undertaken with regard to the registration and analysis of injuries to pupils at school. A frame of analysis based on a consensus within occupational-injury research is offered. The results point to potential risk groups, and also to hazardous locations and activities. The studies examined have primarily focused on the injury itself. Less attention has been paid to the causes of and circumstances underlying different kinds of injuries, and to the distinguishing features of community, school or pupil that might influence injury occurrence. Age and gender of pupils are the only exceptions. Further research should focus on the sequences of events culminating in injuries to school pupils, and to the situational and structural factors that govern these sequences.En granskning av svensk och internationell forskningslitteratur har genomförts med avseende på registrering och analys av elevskador i skolan inom en hel kommun. En analysram byggd på konsensus inom arbetsskadeforskningen bildar bas. Resultaten visar på potentiella riskgrupper, riskfyllda platser och aktiviteter. Studierna i granskningen fokuserar framförallt själva skadan; mindre uppmärksamhet riktas mot orsakerna till och omständigheterna bakom olika typer av skador och vilka utmärkande drag hos samhället, skolan och eleverna : förutom kön och ålder : som påverkar förekomsten av skador. Fortsatt forskning bör inriktas mot de händelseförlopp som ger upphov till elevskador och åt de situationella och strukturella faktorer som styr dessa förlopp

Skaderelaterade faktorer i skolmiljön Utveckling av ett instrument för registrering och analys av elevskador

The school constitutes an environment of public-health concern since it is the location of occurrence of a major proportion of injuries sustained by children. This paper reviews a total of 43 empirical studies dealing with the determinants and characteristics of injuries to school pupils. On the basis of the review, a proposal is made for a specialized instrument (SIIR) dedicated to the analysis and registration of injuries and incidents at school. It addresses the "who?", "where?" and "what?" questions usually posed in more traditional instruments for injury surveillance. The key novelty, however, lies in the fact that the SIIR places far greater emphasis on the "how?" and "why?" questions of injury. Accordingly, it allows them to be subjected to greater scrutiny, and is designed to provide support for preventive work at school level as well as for surveillance, and research and development.Skolan är ett område som är intressant ur folkhälsosynpunkt eftersom många skador som drabbar barn inträffar där. I denna artikel sammanfattas en inventering av 43 empiriska studier för att identifiera faktorer som är avgörande för och karaktäristiska hos elevskador. Med denna som grund utarbetades ett instrument (STAR) som kan användas för att registrera och analysera elevskador och tillbud i skolan. Instrumentet innehåller frågorna "vem?", "var?"- och "vad?", vilka vanligen ställs i mer traditionella instrument för skaderapportering. I STAR läggs dock större vikt vid frågorna "hur?" : och "varför?" skadan/tillbudet inträffade, vilket gör att de kan undersökas mycket noggrannare. Dessutom är det konstruerat för att stödja såväl förebyggande arbete i skolan som registrering och analys, forskning och utveckling