Visualisation of spatial patterns of connectivity and runoff ages derived from a tracer-aided model

We thank the European Research Council ERC (project GA 335910 VEWA) for funding the VeWa project.Peer reviewedPostprin

Handleiding Zaadvermeerdering en Selectie: Algemene grondslagen

Deze zaadteelthandleiding is bedoeld voor telers die hun eigen zaad willen vermeerderen of die uit bestaande rassen een eigen selectie willen maken. In beide gevallen is de teelt van zaad, dat met name bij de tweejarige gewassen sterk afwijkt van de consumptieteelt, een onlosmakelijk deel van het proces. In deze handleiding worden enkele belangrijke aspecten over erfelijkheid, uitgangsmateriaal, bestuiving, kruisen, selectie en vermeerdering beschreven

De zaadteelt van witte en rode sluitkool (Brassica oleracea) - Handleiding voor zaadteelt en selectie

Deze handleiding is met name bedoeld voor telers die met zaadteelt en/of selectie aan de gang willen gaan onder Nederlandse klimaatomstandigheden. Deze handleiding is gebaseerd op veel praktische ervaring uit het veld, deels ervaring vanuit (oude) vakliteratuur, en deels door interviews met ervaren zaadtelers en selecteurs

Re-entrant melting and freezing in a model system of charged colloids

We studied the phase behavior of charged and sterically stabilized colloids using confocal microscopy in a less polar solvent (dielectric constant 5.4). Upon increasing the colloid volume fraction we found a transition from a fluid to a body centered cubic crystal at 0.0415+/-0.0005, followed by re-entrant melting at 0.1165+/-0.0015. A second crystal of different symmetry, random hexagonal close-packed, was formed at a volume fraction around 0.5, similar to that of hard spheres. We attribute the intriguing phase behavior to particle interactions that depend strongly on volume fraction, mainly due to changes in the colloid charge. In this low polarity system the colloids acquire charge through ion adsorption. The low ionic strength leads to fewer ions per colloid at elevated volume fractions and consequently a density-dependent colloid charge.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures 1 tabl

De zaadteelt van ui (Allium cepa) - Handleiding voor zaadteelt en selectie

Deze handleiding is met name bedoeld voor telers die met zaadteelt en/of selectie aan de gang willen gaan onder Nederlandse klimaatomstandigheden. Deze handleiding is gebaseerd op veel praktische ervaring uit het veld, deels ervaring vanuit (oude)vakliteratuur, en deels door interviews met ervaren zaadtelers en selecteurs

Eye and Orbital Anatomy in Metopic Synostosis

Background: Metopic synostosis patients have a high prevalence of orthoptic anomalies, including hyperopia, astigmatism, and amblyopia. We hypothesized altered orbital anatomy contributes to suboptimal visual outcomes by adversely affecting eye anatomy and growth from early life onward. Therefore, we aimed to investigate eye and orbital anatomy in metopic synostosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in nonsyndromic metopic synostosis patients (n = 134, median age 0.43 years [IQR 0.45]) with nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis patients (n = 134, median age 0.27 years [IQR 0.23]) as controls. Primary analyses focused on eye dimensions (axial length, width, and globe height) and orbital dimensions, correcting for sex and age. Measurements were obtained from preoperative computed tomography scans. Results: Axial length and width in metopic synostosis patients did not differ from sagittal synostosis patients, but globe height was significantly smaller (P = 0.0002). Lateral wall interorbital length, lateral orbital wall length, anterior medial interorbital length, and maximal medial interorbital length were significantly smaller, and anterior vertical orbital height and maximal vertical orbital height were significantly larger (P &lt; 0.001). The central orbital axis and interorbital angle were significantly narrower, and medial-to-lateral orbital wall angle was wider (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Metopic synostosis patients have more shallow, wider, and higher orbits. Eye dimensions are similar in sagittal synostosis patients, although globe height was smaller. Altered orbital and eye dimensions in metopic synostosis probably have a causal relation with an unknown order of development. How these dimensions relate to future orthoptic anomalies (eg, refractive error) needs further investigation.</p

Phase behavior and structure of model colloid-polymer mixtures confined between two parallel planar walls

Using Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulations and density functional theory we investigate the fluid-fluid demixing transition in inhomogeneous colloid-polymer mixtures confined between two parallel plates with separation distances between one and ten colloid diameters covering the complete range from quasi two-dimensional to bulk-like behavior. We use the Asakura-Oosawa-Vrij model in which colloid-colloid and colloid-polymer interactions are hard-sphere like, whilst the pair potential between polymers vanishes. Two different types of confinement induced by a pair of parallel walls are considered, namely either through two hard walls or through two semi-permeable walls that repel colloids but allow polymers to freely penetrate. For hard (semi-permeable) walls we find that the capillary binodal is shifted towards higher (lower) polymer fugacities and lower (higher) colloid fugacities as compared to the bulk binodal; this implies capillary condensation (evaporation) of the colloidal liquid phase in the slit. A macroscopic treatment is provided by a novel symmetric Kelvin equation for general binary mixtures, based on the proximity in chemical potentials of statepoints at capillary coexistence and the reference bulk coexistence. Results for capillary binodals compare well with those obtained from the classic version of the Kelvin equation due to Evans and Marini Bettolo Marconi [J. Chem. Phys. 86, 7138 (1987)], and are quantitatively accurate away from the fluid-fluid critical point, even at small wall separations. For hard walls the density profiles of polymers and colloids inside the slit display oscillations due to packing effects for all statepoints. For semi-permeable walls either similar structuring or flat profiles are found, depending on the statepoint considered.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure

Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with sugarcane in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Morphological and molecular analyses of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) from 12 sugarcane plantation sites of Tanganyika Planting Company (TPC) Limited in Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania revealed the presence of six PPN genera, i.e. Helicotylenchus, Hemi-cycliophora, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Scutellonema, and Tylenchorhynchus. The genera with the highest densities and present in virtually all samples were Pratylenchus and Rotylenchulus, and the most important species appeared to be R. parvus, P. zeae, T. crassicaudatus, and T. ventrosignatus. A total sequences of 11 partial ITS, 15 D2-D3 of 28S, and 6 partial 18S of rRNA gene, and 7 partial COl gene of mtDNA of these species were obtained in this study. Morphology and molecular data comparisons between the Tanzanian R. parvus and the South African R. parvus indicated that R. parvus is a cryptic species complex. Based on the results of morphological and molecular analyses of T. crassicaudatus and T. agri from China, Haiti, Indonesia, Iran, Niger and the USA, T. agri syn. n. is proposed as a junior synonym of T. crassicaudatus