Adiponectin-Mediated Analgesia and AntiInflammatory Effects in Rat

The adipose tissue-derived protein, adiponectin, has significant anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of disease conditions. Recent evidence that adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are expressed in central nervous system, suggests that it may also have a central modulatory role in pain and inflammation. This study set out to investigate the effects of exogenously applied recombinant adiponectin (via intrathecal and intraplantar routes; 10–5000 ng) on the development of peripheral inflammation (paw oedema) and pain hypersensitivity in the rat carrageenan model of inflammation. Expression of adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein was characterised in dorsal spinal cord using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein were found to be constitutively expressed in dorsal spinal cord, but no change in mRNA expression levels was detected in response to carrageenan-induced inflammation. Adiponectin mRNA, but not protein, was detected in dorsal spinal cord, although levels were very low. Intrathecal administration of adiponectin, both pre- and 3 hours post-carrageenan, significantly attenuated thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hypersensitivity. Intrathecal administration of adiponectin post-carrageenan also reduced peripheral inflammation. Intraplantar administration of adiponectin pre-carrageenan dose-dependently reduced thermal hyperalgesia but had no effect on mechanical hypersensitivity and peripheral inflammation. These results show that adiponectin functions both peripherally and centrally at the spinal cord level, likely through activation of AdipoRs to modulate pain and peripheral inflammation. These data suggest that adiponectin receptors may be a novel therapeutic target for pain modulation

Severe plastic deformation for producing superfunctional ultrafine-grained and heterostructured materials: An interdisciplinary review

Ultrafine-grained and heterostructured materials are currently of high interest due to their superior mechanical and functional properties. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is one of the most effective methods to produce such materials with unique microstructure-property relationships. In this review paper, after summarizing the recent progress in developing various SPD methods for processing bulk, surface and powder of materials, the main structural and microstructural features of SPD-processed materials are explained including lattice defects, grain boundaries and phase transformations. The properties and potential applications of SPD-processed materials are then reviewed in detail including tensile properties, creep, superplasticity, hydrogen embrittlement resistance, electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, optical properties, solar energy harvesting, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, hydrolysis, hydrogen storage, hydrogen production, CO2 conversion, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. It is shown that achieving such properties is not limited to pure metals and conventional metallic alloys, and a wide range of materials are currently processed by SPD, including high-entropy alloys, glasses, semiconductors, ceramics and polymers. It is particularly emphasized that SPD has moved from a simple metal processing tool to a powerful means for the discovery and synthesis of new superfunctional metallic and nonmetallic materials. The article ends by declaring that the borders of SPD have been extended from materials science and it has become an interdisciplinary tool to address scientific questions such as the mechanisms of geological and astronomical phenomena and the origin of life

N-([1,1'-Biphenyl]-3-Yl)-4-Phenyl-1-(Pyridine-2-Yl)-6,7-Dihydro-5h-Cyclopenta[C]Pyridine-3-Amine - Monomolecular Optical Sensor for Detecting Nitroaromatic Explosives

Изобретение относится к люминесцентному органическому соединению N-([1,1'-бифенил]-3-ил)-4-фенил-1-(пиридин-2-ил)-6,7-дигидро-5H-циклопента[c]пиридин-3-амину формулы 1, которое представляет собой мономолекулярный оптический сенсордля обнаружения нитроароматических взрывчатых веществ, таких как 2,4,6-тринитротолуол (TNT) и пикриновая кислота (PA). Изобретение может быть использовано в системах безопасности в дополнение к служебным собакам для предотвращения террористических актов, в качестве средства обнаружения ВВ в составе сенсорного материала флуоресцентных детекторов ВВ, а также в быту и сельском хозяйстве. Технический результат - уменьшение интенсивности эмиссии, вызванной фотовозбуждением, при контакте с нитроароматическими взрывчатыми веществами. 3 ил., 2 табл.FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a luminescent organic compound N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-4-phenyl-1-(pyridine-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridine-3-amine by the formula 1, constituting a monomolecular optical sensor for detecting nitroaromatic explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and picric acid (PA). Invention can be used in security systems in addition to service dogs for preventing terrorist acts, as a means of detecting explosives contained in the sensor material of fluorescent explosive detectors, in households and in agriculture. EFFECT: lower intensity of emission caused by photoexcitation when in contact with nitroaromatic explosives. 1 cl, 3 dwg, 2 tbl

Severe plastic deformation for producing Superfunctional ultrafine-grained and heterostructured materials: An interdisciplinary review

Ultrafine-grained and heterostructured materials are currently of high interest due to their superior mechanical and functional properties. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is one of the most effective methods to produce such materials with unique microstructure-property relationships. In this review paper, after summarizing the recent progress in developing various SPD methods for processing bulk, surface and powder of materials, the main structural and microstructural features of SPD-processed materials are explained including lattice defects, grain boundaries and phase transformations. The properties and potential applications of SPD-processed materials are then reviewed in detail including tensile properties, creep, superplasticity, hydrogen embrittlement resistance, electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, optical properties, solar energy harvesting, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, hydrolysis, hydrogen storage, hydrogen production, CO2 conversion, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. It is shown that achieving such properties is not currently limited to pure metals and conventional metallic alloys, and a wide range of materials are processed by SPD, including high-entropy alloys, glasses, semiconductors, ceramics and polymers. It is particularly emphasized that SPD has moved from a simple metal processing tool to a powerful means for the discovery and synthesis of new superfunctional metallic and nonmetallic materials. The article ends by declaring that the borders of SPD have been extended from materials science and it has become an interdisciplinary tool to address scientific questions such as the mechanism of geological and astronomical phenomena and the origin of life