Research of Influence Modification of Natural Concentrate on Quality Metal

Questions of increase of mechanical, technological and service properties of metal at minimum cost to produce it are relevant for the metallurgical enterprises. Modification of complex steel alloys containing reactive elements is one of the effective ways to improve the quality of steel. At the same time the direct costs for the use of modifiers are 0.2-0.3%, which little effect on the cost of production. The paper presents the results of the application of natural concentrates as a modifier steel. The effects on the metal quality changes due to the impact of the modification concentrates demonstrate the effectiveness of their application. As a result of modification decreased the content of nonmetallic inclusions and grain size. Reduction of impurity modified metal of was the cause more high plastic properties, especially, impact strength at ordinary and low temperatures of tests. Based on the experimental data evaluated hardening mechanisms that lead to a significant improvement of physic-mechanical properties of the metal workpiece after administration modifier

Digital Technologies in Youth Career Guidance Management for Professions of the Agricultural and Industrial Complex of the Sverdlovsk Region

The research is aimed at finding ways to effectively integrate traditional career guidance approaches and the capabilities of digital platforms working in the field of youth policy management in the Sverdlovsk region. The ways of intersection of interests of universities and youth policy management bodies in the emerging unified Internet space are outlined. The analysis of digital transformation process in the field of career guidance is carried out. The possibilities of the main federal information platforms in the field of youth work and their effectiveness in terms of indicators are presented: the number of events, the coverage of participants and, what is important for us- the project activities of young people with a career-oriented component. The article provides examples of social projects that already have a digital footprint and a sufficiently large involvement of schoolchildren and students of the Sverdlovsk region. The educational component containing elements of career guidance, which can be further strengthened, is of particular interest. The ways of creating a territorial multilevel digital model of youth career guidance of the Sverdlovsk region are outlined. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.A major social project involving schoolchildren was carried out by the Ural SAU in partnership with the Sverdlovsk regional branch of the All-Russian Public Youth Organization "All-Russian Student Rescue Corps", with the support of the Autonomous Non-profit Organization "Resource Center for the Support of Volunteering in the Field of Safety Culture and Disaster Response Sverdlovsk region", and the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the Sverdlovsk region. The form of career guidance work through the joint participation of schoolchildren and students in such projects shows the social significance of joint actions, creates a community of like-minded people and helps to attract schoolchildren to the university

Characterization of a novel dioxomolybdenum complex by cyclic voltammetry

Metalloenzymes that carry a pterin-based molybdenum cofactor in their center catalyze numerous reactions in the human body and play a crucial role in its metabolism. Specifically, these enzymes promote redox reactions and oxygen transport in the body. Their absence may cause many problems leading to disability or even death in early childhood. Therefore, model compounds need to be synthesized and analyzed to investigate the reactivity, redox potential, and geometry of these cofactors. This study focused on electrode processes and determined the redox potentials of the new bis-(4-mercapto-5-(p-tolyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione)-dioxomolybdenum complex by cyclic voltammetry. The 4-mercapto-5-(p-tolyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione ligand underwent irreversible oxidation and reduction at thiol and thione functional groups. The new dioxomolybdenum complex showed a quasi-reversible two-stage electrode process

Current achievements in modifying crop genes using CRISPR/Cas system

With the advent of the new genome editing tool of target-specifically customizable endonucleases, a huge variety of novel opportunities have become feasible. The crop improvement is one of the main applications of genome editing in plant science and plant biotechnology. The amount of publications referring to genome editing and CRISPR/Cas system based molecular tools application in crops is permanently growing. The aim of this study is the systematization and cataloging of these data. Earlier we published the first catalog of targeted crop genome modifications as of February 10, 2017. The current review is an update of the catalog; it covers research papers on crop genome modifications from February 10, 2017 to August 17, 2018, found by searching 47 crop names in the Scopus database. Over one year and a half, 377 articles mentioning CRISPR/Cas and crop names have been published, of which 131 articles describe an experimental application of this tool for editing 193 genes in 19 crops, including rice with the largest number of genes modified (109 genes). Editing 50 of 193 genes was aimed at crop improvement. The catalog presented here includes these 50 genes, specifying the cultivars, each gene and gene product function, modification type and delivery method used. The current full list of genes modified with CRISPR/Cas with the aim of crop improvement is 81 in 16 crops (for 5 years from August 2013 to August 2018). In this paper, we also summarize data on different modifications types in different crops and provide a brief review of some novel methods and approaches that have appeared in crop genome editing research over the reviewed period. Taken together, these data provide a clear view on current progress in crop genome modifications and traits improvement using CRISPR/Cas based genome editing technology

ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ ПРОЦЕССА ЭЛЕКТРОВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ КИСЛОРОДА В ПРИСУТСТВИИ ПРИРОДНЫХ АНТИОКСИДАНТОВ

The effect of individual antioxidants on physico-chemical parameters of ORR was studied under conditions of liner semi-infinite diffusion. Rate constants for coupled homogeneous reduction of active oxygen by the range to flavonoids were calculated under the optimal linear sweep rate.Possibility of determination of the parameters of reduction of active oxygen process (chemical and electrochemical rate constant, reversibility of process) in addition of individual antioxidants was showed by the computer simulation. Identification of substances with antioxidant properties was illustrated by changing of reduction current of active oxygen.Keywords: oxygen reduction reaction, ORR, antioxidant, flavonoids, rate constant, voltammetry(Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2013.17.4.007A.N. Vtorushina, E.I. Korotkova, S.G. Kataev* Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation*Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Tomsk, Russian FederationРассмотрены физико-химические закономерности процесса электровосстановления кислорода (ЭВ О2) в присутствии индивидуальных антиоксидантов в условиях линейной полубесконечной диффузии, определены константы скорости взаимодействия антиоксидантов с активными формами кислорода и некоторые другие параметры процесса для ряда флавоноидов при оптимальной скорости развертки потенциала. Показана возможность определения некоторых параметров процесса ЭВ О2 (констант скорости химической и электрохимической реакции, обратимости процесса) в присутствии индивидуальных антиоксидантов с помощью методов компьютерного моделирования, а также возможность идентификации веществ, обладающих антиоксидантными свойствами, по изменению тока ЭВ О2 в присутствии исследуемых образцов.Ключевые слова: электровосстановление кислорода, антиоксиданты, вольтамперометрияDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2013.17.4.00

Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral Tegmental Area

The mesolimbic reward pathway arising from dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has been strongly implicated in reward processing and drug abuse. In rodents, behaviors associated with this projection are profoundly influenced by an orexinergic input from the lateral hypothalamus to the VTA. Because the existence and significance of an analogous orexigenic regulatory mechanism acting in the human VTA have been elusive, here we addressed the possibility that orexinergic neurons provide direct input to DA neurons of the human VTA. Dual-label immunohistochemistry was used and orexinergic projections to the VTA and to DA neurons of the neighboring substantia nigra (SN) were analyzed comparatively in adult male humans and rats. Orexin B-immunoreactive (IR) axons apposed to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-IR DA and to non-DA neurons were scarce in the VTA and SN of both species. In the VTA, 15.062.8% of TH-IR perikarya in humans and 3.260.3% in rats received orexin B-IR afferent contacts. On average, 0.2460.05 and 0.0560.005 orexinergic appositions per TH-IR perikaryon were detected in humans and rats, respectively. The majority(86–88%) of randomly encountered orexinergic contacts targeted the dendritic compartment of DA neurons. Finally, DA neurons of the SN also received orexinergic innervation in both species. Based on the observation of five times heavierorexinergic input to TH-IR neurons of the human, compared with the rat, VTA, we propose that orexinergic mechanism acting in the VTA may play just as important roles in reward processing and drug abuse in humans, as already established well in rodents

Effects on muscle tissue remodeling and lipid metabolism in muscle tissue from adult patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis treated with immunosuppressive agents.

BACKGROUND: Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are autoimmune muscle diseases, conventionally treated with high doses of glucocorticoids in combination with immunosuppressive drugs. Treatment is often dissatisfying, with persisting muscle impairment. We aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms that might contribute to the persisting muscle impairment despite immunosuppressive treatment in adult patients with PM or DM using gene expression profiling of repeated muscle biopsies. METHODS: Paired skeletal muscle biopsies from six newly diagnosed adult patients with DM or PM taken before and after conventional immunosuppressive treatment were examined by gene expression microarray analysis. Selected genes that displayed changes in expression were analyzed by Western blot. Muscle biopsy sections were evaluated for inflammation, T lymphocytes (CD3), macrophages (CD68), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression and fiber type composition. RESULTS: After treatment, genes related to immune response and inflammation, including inflammasome pathways and interferon, were downregulated. This was confirmed at the protein level for AIM-2 and caspase-1 in the inflammasome pathway. Changes in genes involved in muscle tissue remodeling suggested a negative effect on muscle regeneration and growth. Gene markers for fast type II fibers were upregulated and fiber composition was switched towards type II fibers in response to treatment. The expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was altered, suggesting a potential lipotoxic effect on muscles of the immunosuppressive treatment. CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory effect of immunosuppressive treatment was combined with negative effects on genes involved in muscle tissue remodeling and lipid metabolism, suggesting a negative effect on recovery of muscle performance which may contribute to persisting muscle impairment in adult patients with DM and PM