310 research outputs found
Closed trajectories of a particle model on null curves in anti-de Sitter 3-space
We study the existence of closed trajectories of a particle model on null
curves in anti-de Sitter 3-space defined by a functional which is linear in the
curvature of the particle path. Explicit expressions for the trajectories are
found and the existence of infinitely many closed trajectories is proved.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur
Hamiltonian flows on null curves
The local motion of a null curve in Minkowski 3-space induces an evolution
equation for its Lorentz invariant curvature. Special motions are constructed
whose induced evolution equations are the members of the KdV hierarchy. The
null curves which move under the KdV flow without changing shape are proven to
be the trajectories of a certain particle model on null curves described by a
Lagrangian linear in the curvature. In addition, it is shown that the curvature
of a null curve which evolves by similarities can be computed in terms of the
solutions of the second Painlev\'e equation.Comment: 14 pages, v2: final version; minor changes in the expositio
Explicit solutions to the semi-discrete modified KdV equation and motion of discrete plane curves
We construct explicit solutions to continuous motion of discrete plane curves
described by a semi-discrete potential modified KdV equation. Explicit formulas
in terms the function are presented. B\"acklund transformations of the
discrete curves are also discussed. We finally consider the continuous limit of
discrete motion of discrete plane curves described by the discrete potential
modified KdV equation to motion of smooth plane curves characterized by the
potential modified KdV equation
Epistasis Among Adaptive Mutations in Deer Mouse Hemoglobin
Epistatic interactions between mutant sites in the same protein can exert a strong influence on pathways of molecular evolution. We performed protein engineering experiments that revealed pervasive epistasis among segregating amino acid variants that contribute to adaptive functional variation in deer mouse hemoglobin (Hb). Amino acid mutations increased or decreased Hb-O2 affinity depending on the allelic state of other sites. Structural analysis revealed that epistasis for Hb-O2 affinity and allosteric regulatory control is attributable to indirect interactions between structurally remote sites. The prevalence of sign epistasis for fitness-related biochemical phenotypes has important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of protein polymorphism in natural populations
Observational signatures of forming young massive clusters: continuum emission from dense HII regions
Young massive clusters (YMCs) are the most massive star clusters forming in
nearby galaxies and are thought to be a young analogue to the globular
clusters. Understanding the formation process of YMCs leads to looking into
very efficient star formation in high-redshift galaxies suggested by recent
JWST observations. We investigate possible observational signatures of their
formation stage, particularly when the mass of a cluster is increasing via
accretion from a natal molecular cloud. To this end, we study the broad-band
continuum emission from ionized gas and dust enshrouding YMCs, whose formation
is followed by recent radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. We perform
post-process radiative transfer calculations using simulation snapshots and
find characteristic spectral features at radio and far-infrared frequencies. We
show that a striking feature is long-lasting, strong free-free emission from a
10pc-scale HII region with a large emission measure of , corresponding to the mean electron density of
. There is a turnover feature below 10
GHz, a signature of the optically-thick free-free emission, often found in
Galactic ultra-compact HII regions. These features come from the peculiar YMC
formation process, where the cluster's gravity effectively traps photoionized
gas for a long duration and enables continuous star formation within the
cluster. Such large and dense HII regions show distinct distribution on the
density-size diagram, apart from the standard sequence of Galactic HII regions.
This is consistent with the observational trend inferred for extragalactic HII
regions associated with YMCs.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Deer mouse hemoglobin exhibits a lowered oxygen affinity owing to mobility of the E helix. Corrigendum
In the article by Inoguchi et al. (2013) the affiliation for two of the authors, Angela Fago and Roy E. Weber, was given incorrectly. The correct affiliation is Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Deer mouse hemoglobin exhibits a lowered oxygen affinity owing to mobility of the E helix
The deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, exhibits altitude-associated variation in hemoglobin oxygen affinity. To examine the structural basis of this functional variation, the structure of the hemoglobin was solved. Recombinant hemoglobin was expressed in Escherichia coli and was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Recombinant hemoglobin was crystallized by the hangingdrop vapor-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. The obtained orthorhombic crystal contained two subunits in the asymmetric unit. The refined structure was interpreted as the aquo-met form. Structural comparisons were performed among hemoglobins from deer mouse, house mouse and human. In contrast to human hemoglobin, deer mouse hemoglobin lacks the hydrogen bond between α1Trp14 in the A helix and α1Thr67 in the E helix owing to the Thr67Ala substitution. In addition, deer mouse hemoglobin has a unique hydrogen bond at the α1ÎČ1 interface between residues α1Cys34 and ÎČ1Ser128
Lagrangian Curves in a 4-dimensional affine symplectic space
Lagrangian curves in R4 entertain intriguing relationships with second order deformation of plane curves under the special affine group and null curves in a 3-dimensional Lorentzian space form. We provide a natural affine symplectic frame for Lagrangian curves. It allows us to classify La- grangrian curves with constant symplectic curvatures, to construct a class of Lagrangian tori in R4 and determine Lagrangian geodesic
Deer mouse hemoglobin exhibits a lowered oxygen affinity owing to mobility of the E helix
The deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, exhibits altitude-associated variation in hemoglobin oxygen affinity. To examine the structural basis of this functional variation, the structure of the hemoglobin was solved. Recombinant hemoglobin was expressed in Escherichia coli and was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Recombinant hemoglobin was crystallized by the hangingdrop vapor-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. The obtained orthorhombic crystal contained two subunits in the asymmetric unit. The refined structure was interpreted as the aquo-met form. Structural comparisons were performed among hemoglobins from deer mouse, house mouse and human. In contrast to human hemoglobin, deer mouse hemoglobin lacks the hydrogen bond between α1Trp14 in the A helix and α1Thr67 in the E helix owing to the Thr67Ala substitution. In addition, deer mouse hemoglobin has a unique hydrogen bond at the α1ÎČ1 interface between residues α1Cys34 and ÎČ1Ser128
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