170 research outputs found
Buckling behavior of multilayer cylindrical shells composed of functionally graded nanocomposite layers under lateral pressure in thermal environments
In this study, the stability behavior of multilayer cylindrical shells made of functionally graded nanocomposite layers (FG-NCLs) subjected to the lateral pressure in thermal environments is investigated. It is postulated that nanocomposite layers forming layered cylindrical shells are made of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-reinforced polymers that have four types of profiles based on the uniform and linear distributions of mechanical properties. The material properties of SWCNTs are assumed to be dependent on location as well as temperature and are obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. The governing equations are derived as partial differential equations within shear deformation theory (SDT) and solved in a closed form, using the Galerkin procedure, to determine the lateral critical pressure (LCP) in thermal environments. The numerical representations relate to the buckling behavior of multilayer cylindrical shells made of functionally graded nanocomposite layers under the uniform lateral pressure for different CNT patterns and temperatures within SDT and Kirchhoff-Love theory (KLT)
Effect of the C/N ratio modification on the corrosion behavior and performance of carbonitride coatings prepared by cathodic arc deposition
This study focuses on investigating carbonitride coatings, specifically CNTi-(Zr, ZrNb, and ZrSi), as promising candidates for enhancing the durability and efficiency of Ti6Al4V materials used in nuclear fusion technology. X-ray diffraction analysis identified distinct phases, including TiN, ZrN, ZrC, and TiC. The corrosion studies showed complete degradation of the TiN, ZrC, and ZrN phases in the TiZrCN coating after tests, while the TiC phase exhibited relative stability. The surface morphologies and elemental mapping analysis demonstrated the loss of homogeneity in element distribution after corrosion process. The addition of Si and Nb elements into TiZrCN significantly influenced the coatings' corrosion behavior, with breakaway corrosion observed in CNTi- (Zr and ZrSi) coatings and localized corrosion in CNTi-(ZrNb) coatings. Notably, the CNTi-(ZrSi) coating formed an oxide phase in the presence of NaCl, whereas the CNTi-(ZrNb) coating exhibited continuous resistance and a low corrosion rate. Irradiation was carried out for the generation of active isotopes, showing that no radioactive isotopes were formed in any of the investigated samples
Negative magneto-resistance of electron gas in a quantum well with parabolic potential
We have studied the electrical conductivity of the electron gas in parallel
electric and magnetic fields directed along the plane of a parabolic quantum
well (across the profile of the potential). We found a general expression for
the electrical conductivity applicable for any magnitudes of the magnetic field
and the degree of degeneration of the electron gas. A new mechanism of
generation of the negative magnetoresistance has been revealed. It has been
shown that in a parabolic quantum well with a non-degenerated electron gas the
negative magnetoresistance results from spin splitting of the levels of the
size quantization.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈ
Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡ
ΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 15 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ 9 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ» Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Ρ 6 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ. ΠΠ· 9 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ 4 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, 5 - ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ.
ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° 10-Π΅ ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 1 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ.
Π£ 6 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π±Π΅Π· Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅, Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 10-Π΅ ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 1 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅.
ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π‘Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ (Linum usitatissimum): ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ
Flaxseed consumption has been prioritized by health-conscious people all over the world. Its consumption raises interest to it both from a personal and an industrial prospect due to its remarkable fatty acids profile. Besides its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, flaxseed oil is known for its low omega 6/omega 3 ratio, which may possess health improving properties because this oil is precursor of anti-inflammatory molecules. However, the high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in flaxseed oil causes its high sensitivity to high temperatures, to light and to oxygen, which may lead to its oxidation and quality degradation. Screw pressing can produce high quality oil but in lesser volume, which could be disadvantage. Therefore, the extraction process must be optimized for maximizing oil recovery, while maintaining oxidation indicators within limits specified by regulations, as well as a potentially health beneficial fatty acid profile. Optimization of screw press parameters for pressing out the flaxseed oil were investigated by Response Surface Methodology. Both size of the cake outlet and the speed of the screw pressing were optimized, and the values that provided the highest experimental oil recovery, 41.4%, were of 1 mm and 155.89 rpm respectively. Although the overall trend in oil extraction showed a rising oil recovery when screw speeds increased from 98.73 up to 213.05 rpm, certain fluctuations were observed in oil extraction with varying outlet cake sizes. However, there was an inversely-proportional function between the oil recovery and the size of the cake outlet, therefore, screw speed provided a minor, non-significant effect while the size of the cake outlet proved to have a strong effect on oil recovery. The highest acid value and peroxide value accounted to 0.71 mg KOH/g and to 7.71 meq/kg respectively. Sediment content (SC) of screw pressed flax oil ranged between 9.12~14%. During the oil extraction at the maximum yield, temperature increased, however the ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 in the obtained oil still remained low.ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ, Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π° 6/ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π° 3, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π°. Π¨Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΆΠΌΡΡ
Π° Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ, Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° 41,4%, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 1 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ 155,89 ΠΎΠ±/ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π₯ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠ° Ρ 98,73 Π΄ΠΎ 213,05 ΠΎΠ±/ΠΌΠΈΠ½, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΆΠΌΡΡ
Π° Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΌΡΡ
Π° Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 0,71 ΠΌΠ³ ΠΠΠ/Π³ ΠΈ 7,71 ΠΌΡΠΊΠ²/ΠΊΠ³ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° (SC) Π² Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π»Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ 9,12 Π΄ΠΎ 14%. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΌΠ΅Π³Π° 6 ΠΊ ΠΠΌΠ΅Π³Π° 3 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
The article discusses the photo-elastic effect features in acousto-optic processors for processing pulse signals on the time axis. The photo-elastic interaction in these devices is divided into two areas. In the first area, the input pulse duration is longer than the time of intersecting the optical beam by the elastic wave packet. This particular area is widely used in the practical applications of these processors, where it is a priori assumed that the input pulse duration is longer than the time for the elastic wave packet to intersect the optical beam.In the second area, the input pulse duration is less than the time for the optical beam to be intersected by the elastic wave packet. The objective of this work is to study the photo-elastic effect features in this area. It was established that in this area the pulse duration at the processor output is equal to the time for the optical beam to be intersected by the elastic wave packet and does not depend on the input pulse duration, which is permissible in some cases (for example, in radar pulse existence rather than its duration is recorded). It is shown that in the second area, the output pulse is formed as the sum of three terms. The first term corresponds to the elastic wave packet entering the optical beam. The second term corresponds to the elastic wave packet advancement in the optical beam aperture, and the third one keeps with the elastic wave packet leaving the aperture of the optical beam. The corresponding equations for calculating the pulse at the device output are obtained. The numerical calculations have proved the provisions and patterns established. The numerical modeling results were tested experimentally using a prototype of an acousto-optic processor with direct detection. The analysed results of theoretical and experimental studies unequivocally confirmed that the obtained formulas, formulated statements, and established provisions can be used to expand the functionality of acousto-optic processors, both with direct detection and of heterodyne type. It is shown that with a significant decrease in the input pulse duration relative to the time during which the optical beam is intersected by the elastic wave packet, the latter is converted into a scanning line and can be used to measure the geometric and energy characteristics of the quasi-coherent light.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈ. Π€ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π³Π΄Π΅ Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ.ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π² ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°, Π° Π½Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΊ, Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ - ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°
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