396 research outputs found
Multifractal clustering of passive tracers on a surface flow
We study the anomalous scaling of the mass density measure of Lagrangian
tracers in a compressible flow realized on the free surface on top of a three
dimensional flow. The full two dimensional probability distribution of local
stretching rates is measured. The intermittency exponents which quantify the
fluctuations of the mass measure of tracers at small scales are calculated from
the large deviation form of stretching rate fluctuations. The results indicate
the existence of a critical exponent above which exponents
saturate, in agreement with what has been predicted by an analytically solvable
model. Direct evaluation of the multi-fractal dimensions by reconstructing the
coarse-grained particle density supports the results for low order moments.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to EP
The Role of Lattice QCD in Searches for Violations of Fundamental Symmetries and Signals for New Physics
This document is one of a series of whitepapers from the USQCD collaboration.
Here, we discuss opportunities for Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD) in the
research frontier in fundamental symmetries and signals for new physics. LQCD,
in synergy with effective field theories and nuclear many-body studies,
provides theoretical support to ongoing and planned experimental programs in
searches for electric dipole moments of the nucleon, nuclei and atoms, decay of
the proton, - oscillations, neutrinoless double- decay
of a nucleus, conversion of muon to electron, precision measurements of weak
decays of the nucleon and of nuclei, precision isotope-shift spectroscopy, as
well as direct dark matter detection experiments using nuclear targets. This
whitepaper details the objectives of the LQCD program in the area of
Fundamental Symmetries within the USQCD collaboration, identifies priorities
that can be addressed within the next five years, and elaborates on the areas
that will likely demand a high degree of innovation in both numerical and
analytical frontiers of the LQCD research.Comment: A whitepaper by the USQCD Collaboration, 30 pages, 9 figure
Lagrangian tracers on a surface flow: the role of time correlations
Finite time correlations of the velocity in a surface flow are found to be
important for the formation of clusters of Lagrangian tracers. The degree of
clustering characterized by the Lyapunov spectrum of the flow is numerically
shown to be in qualitative agreement with the predictions for the white-in-time
compressible Kraichnan flow, but to deviate quantitatively. For intermediate
values of compressibility the clustering is surprisingly weakened by time
correlations.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, to be published in PR
Analytic theory of ground-state properties of a three-dimensional electron gas at varying spin polarization
We present an analytic theory of the spin-resolved pair distribution
functions and the ground-state energy of an electron gas
with an arbitrary degree of spin polarization. We first use the Hohenberg-Kohn
variational principle and the von Weizs\"{a}cker-Herring ideal kinetic energy
functional to derive a zero-energy scattering Schr\"{o}dinger equation for
. The solution of this equation is implemented
within a Fermi-hypernetted-chain approximation which embodies the Hartree-Fock
limit and is shown to satisfy an important set of sum rules. We present
numerical results for the ground-state energy at selected values of the spin
polarization and for in both a paramagnetic and a fully
spin-polarized electron gas, in comparison with the available data from Quantum
Monte Carlo studies over a wide range of electron density.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Low rank perturbations and the spectral statistics of pseudointegrable billiards
We present an efficient method to solve Schr\"odinger's equation for
perturbations of low rank. In particular, the method allows to calculate the
level counting function with very little numerical effort. To illustrate the
power of the method, we calculate the number variance for two pseudointegrable
quantum billiards: the barrier billiard and the right triangle billiard
(smallest angle ). In this way, we obtain precise estimates for the
level compressibility in the semiclassical (high energy) limit. In both cases,
our results confirm recent theoretical predictions, based on periodic orbit
summation.Comment: 4 page
Correlation energy of a two-dimensional electron gas from static and dynamic exchange-correlation kernels
We calculate the correlation energy of a two-dimensional homogeneous electron
gas using several available approximations for the exchange-correlation kernel
entering the linear dielectric response of the system.
As in the previous work of Lein {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 67}, 13431
(2000)] on the three-dimensional electron gas, we give attention to the
relative roles of the wave number and frequency dependence of the kernel and
analyze the correlation energy in terms of contributions from the plane. We find that consistency of the kernel with the electron-pair
distribution function is important and in this case the nonlocality of the
kernel in time is of minor importance, as far as the correlation energy is
concerned. We also show that, and explain why, the popular Adiabatic Local
Density Approximation performs much better in the two-dimensional case than in
the three-dimensional one.Comment: 9 Pages, 4 Figure
Single polymer dynamics in elongational flow and the confluent Heun equation
We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of an isolated polymer in a
stationary elongational flow. We compute the relaxation time to the
steady-state configuration as a function of the Weissenberg number. A strong
increase of the relaxation time is found around the coil-stretch transition,
which is attributed to the large number of polymer configurations. The
relaxation dynamics of the polymer is solved analytically in terms of a central
two-point connection problem for the singly confluent Heun equation.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Analytical expressions for the charge-charge local-field factor and the exchange-correlation kernel of a two-dimensional electron gas
We present an analytical expression for the static many-body local field
factor of a homogeneous two-dimensional electron gas, which
reproduces Diffusion Monte Carlo data and embodies the exact asymptotic
behaviors at both small and large wave number . This allows us to also
provide a closed-form expression for the exchange and correlation kernel
, which represents a key input for density functional studies of
inhomogeneous systems.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Effect of disorder on the ground-state properties of graphene
We calculate the ground-state energy of Dirac electrons in graphene in the
presence of disorder. We take randomly distributed charged impurities at a
fixed distance from the graphene sheet and surface fluctuations (ripples) as
the main scattering mechanisms. Mode-coupling approach to scattering rate and
random-phase approximation for ground-state energy incorporating the many-body
interactions and the disorder effects yields good agreement with experimental
inverse compressibility.Comment: Extended introduction and discussion. To appear in Phys. Rev.
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