Preparing wood for your wood stove (1996)

This guide describes one strategy for people who cut and burn one or more cords of wood yearly. If you cut and prepare wood, have a plan, whether it be this one, a modification, or one of your own. A well-planned, one-person operation reduces the work required to produce a cord of well-prepared firewood. It also should increase the efficiency of your stove, reduce creosote production and reduce air pollution.Revised 10/90, Reprinted 8/96/5M

Considerations in drying hardwood lumber (1994)

"6/94/5M."For centuries, freshly cut lumber has been allowed to dry in response to the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air, also known as the ambient conditions. The result was air-dried or air-seasoned lumber which, in Missouri, typically has a moisture content (MC)[superscript]1 between 12 percent and 14 percent

Hardwood lumber grades (1993)

Reviewed October 1993

Hardwood lumber grades

"More people are becoming involved in do-it-yourself activities, ranging from putting up a bookshelf to renovating an existing structure. All too frequently, though, they don't know what grade of lumber they might need for a particular project."--First page.Bruce E. Cutter (School of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife, College of Agriculture)New 1/84/8

Using practice effects for targeted trials or sub-group analysis in Alzheimer\u27s disease: How practice effects predict change over time

OBJECTIVE: To describe the presence of practice effects in persons with Alzheimer disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to evaluate how practice effects affect cognitive progression and the outcome of clinical trials. METHODS: Using data from a meta-database consisting of 18 studies including participants from the Alzheimer disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) and the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with ADAS-Cog11 as the primary outcome, we defined practice effects based on the improvement in the first two ADAS-Cog11 scores and then estimated the presence of practice effects and compared the cognitive progression between participants with and without practice effects. The robustness of practice effects was investigated using CDR SB, an outcome independent the definition itself. Furthermore, we evaluated how practice effects can affect sample size estimation. RESULTS: The overall percent of practice effects for AD participants was 39.0% and 53.3% for MCI participants. For AD studies, the mean change from baseline to 2 years was 12.8 points for the non-practice effects group vs 7.4 for the practice effects group; whereas for MCI studies, it was 4.1 for non-practice effects group vs 0.2 for the practice effects group. AD participants without practice effects progressed 0.9 points faster than those with practice effects over a period of 2 years in CDR-SB; whereas for MCI participants, the difference is 0.7 points. The sample sizes can be different by over 35% when estimated based on participants with/without practice effects. CONCLUSION: Practice effects were prevalent and robust in persons with AD or MCI and affected the cognitive progression and sample size estimation. Planning of future AD or MCI clinical trials should account for practice effects to avoid underpower or considers target trials or stratification analysis based on practice effects

A Note on Density Change Patterns in Charred Wood

Apparent and real densities of seven species of wood and chars were measured. The chars had been prepared by heating in flowing nitrogen at rates of 1, 10 and 50 C/min. Generally, maximum rate of change was between 300 and 350 C. The decrease continued up to 600 C, the maximum charring temperature

Sorption and Shrinkage Studies of Six Argentine Woods

Sorption isotherms and shrinkage values were measured for six valuable Argentine wood species. Fiber saturation points were calculated. Tangential shrinkage ranged from 3.1 to 8.5% and radial shrinkage from 2.2 to 6.4

A Note on SAP pH in Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus Virginiana L.)

Twelve eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) trees were sampled for the sap pH of the sapwood at three locations along the bole and one location on the roots. Soil pH measurements were taken at each tree site for comparison with sap pH. Sap pH was positively correlated with soil pH. A regression model using mean soil pH as the independent variable accounted for 71% of the variation of the mean sap pH. There was a decreasing gradient in sap pH from crown to stump

Research Notes: Histology of the Embryo Sac of Male Sterile ms1ms1 Soybeans

The fact that ms1ms1 plants in maturity ranges I to V were producing haploids, triploids, and even higher ploidy levels along with the predominant normal diploids, indicated the female gametophyte was at least occasionally functioning abnormally. Histological sections of 92 male sterile pistils from plants about Groups III and IV, indicated only about 28% of the ovules had a normal embryo sac, by our interpretation. The remainder most commonly had extra nuclei in the regions of the secondary nucleus (endosperm mother cell) and/or the egg apparatus

The activation of contextually predictable words in syntactically illegal positions

We present an eye-tracking study testing a hypothesis emerging from several theories of prediction during language processing, whereby predictable words should be skipped more than unpredictable words even in syntactically illegal positions. Participants read sentences in which a target word became predictable by a certain point (e.g. "bone" is 92% predictable given "The dog buried his…"), with the next word actually being an intensifier (e.g. "really"), which a noun cannot follow. The target noun remained predictable to appear later in the sentence. We used the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) to present the predictable noun or an alternative unpredictable noun (e.g. "food") directly after the intensifier, until participants moved beyond the intensifier, at which point the noun changed to a syntactically legal word. Participants also read sentences in which predictable or unpredictable nouns appeared in syntactically legal positions. A Bayesian linear mixed model suggested a 5.7% predictability effect on skipping of nouns in syntactically legal positions, and a 3.1% predictability effect on skipping of nouns in illegal positions. We discuss our findings in relation to theories of lexical prediction during reading