65 research outputs found
Видовой состав паразитов Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758 (Amphibia: Ranidae) в окрестностях Висимского государственного природного биосферного заповедника
The purpose of the research is to study the parasite fauna of the common frog (Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting the vicinity of the Visim Nature Biosphere Reserve.Materials and methods. The species composition, dominance structure and endoparasite infection of 32 individuals of R. temporaria caught along the banks of the upper reaches of the Sulem Riverwere assessed according to the following indicators: the prevalence and intensity of infection and abundance index.Results and discussion. The species composition of parasites in a common frog from the vicinity of the Visim Nature Biosphere Reserve is presented for the first time. Five species of macroparasites have been identified, classified as Nematoda: Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782), Neoraillietnema praeputiale (Skrjabin, 1916), Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845), Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) and as Platyhelminthes: Haplometra cylindracea (Zeder, 1800). One species of endosymbiotic protozoa of Chromista, Opalina ranarum was recorded (Purkinje et Valentin, 1835). The prevalence of the infection of common frogs by helminths reaches 100%, the abundance index is 11.06, and protozoa is 93.8% and 62.16, respectively. Nematodes O. filiformis (the prevalence of infection 96.9%, and abundance index 7.97) and R. bufonis (the prevalence of infection 46.9%, abundance index 2.28) predominate. It was shown that nematode N. praeputiale was not found in the parasitocenosis of immature amphibians, and trematode H. cylindracea was not found in adult animals. The proportion of O. filiformis and C. ornata increases with age in common frogs. It was found that the animals of the July population are infected with nematode R. bufonis largely. Regardless of the age of R. temporaria, the probability of colonization by O. ranarum in spring will be higher.Цель исследований – изучение паразитофауны травяной лягушки (Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758), населяющей окрестности Висимского государственного природного биосферного заповедника.Материалы и методы. У 32 особей R. temporaria, отловленных вдоль берегов верхнего течения реки Сулём, оценены видовой состав, структура доминирования и зараженность эндопаразитами по следующим показателям: экстенсивность и интенсивность инвазии, индекс обилия.Результаты и обсуждение. Впервые представлен видовой состав паразитов у травяной лягушки из окрестностей Висимского биосферного заповедника. Идентифицировано 5 видов макропаразитов, относящихся: к типу Nematoda– Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782), Neoraillietnema praeputiale (Skrjabin, 1916), Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845), Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) и к типу Platyhelminthes – Haplometra cylindracea (Zeder, 1800). Отмечен один вид эндосимбиотических простейших из типа Chromista – Opalina ranarum (Purkinje et Valentin, 1835). Экстенсивность инвазии гельминтами травяной лягушки достигает 100%, индекс обилия – 11,06, простейшими – 93,8% и 62,16 соответственно. Нематоды O. filiformis (экстенсивность инвазии – 96,9%, индекс обилия – 7,97) и R. bufonis (экстенсивность инвазии – 46,9%, индекс обилия – 2,28) доминируют. Показано, что в паразитоценозе неполовозрелых амфибий не отмечена нематода N. praeputiale, у взрослых животных не обнаружена трематода H. cylindracea. С возрастом у травяных лягушек увеличивается доля O. filiformis и C. оrnata. Установлено, что нематодой R. bufonis в большей степени заражаются животные июльской популяции. Независимо от возраста R. temporaria, вероятность заселения их O. ranarum будет выше в весенний период
Видовой состав паразитов Bufo bufo (Amphibia: Bufonidae) в окрестностях Висимского государственного природного биосферного заповедника
Objective of research: Characteristics of the species composition of parasites in common toad (Bufo bufo Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting around Visimsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Materials and methods: 29 individuals of B. bufo were studied by the method of total helminthological autopsy. Catching of toads was carried out in the upstream flow of the Sulem River in the buffer zone of the Visimskiy Reserve during the reproduction period. Results and discussion: The species composition of parasites of B. bufo inhabiting Visimsky Biosphere Reserve (the upper Sulem river) has been studied for the first time. 5 parasite species were detected: Nematoda - Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782), Neoraillietnema praeputiale (Skrjabin, 1916), Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845), Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) and 1 protozoa Opalinatea - Opalina ranarum (Purkinje et Valentin, 1835). The extensity of infection (EI) of common toads with helminths was 100 %, the index of abundance 47 %; protozoa infections 4 % and 0,45, respectively. Two nematode species O. filiformis (EI 100 %, index of abundance 27,8%) and R. bufonis (EI 89,7 %, index of abundance 13,3) dominated. In B. bufo selected for investigation no trematodes were found likely due to the «marriage post».Цель исследования - характеристика видового состава паразитов серой жабы (Bufo bufo Linnaeus, 1758), обитающей в окрестностях Висимского государственного природного биосферного заповедника. Maтeриaлы и методы - методом полного гельминтологического вскрытия изучено 29 особей B. bufo. Отлов животных произведен в период размножения, в местности вдоль берегов верхнего течения реки Сулём, прилегающей к охранной зоне заповедника. Результаты и обсуждение - впервые изучен видовой состав паразитов серой жабы, обитающей в окрестностях Висимского биосферного заповедника (верхнее течение р. Сулем). Выявлено 5 видов паразитов: Nematoda -Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782), Neoraillietnema praeputiale (Skrjabin, 1916), Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845), Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) и Opalinatea - Opalina ranarum (Purkinje et Valentin, 1835). Экстенсивность инвазии гельминтами серой жабы в период размножения составляет 100 %, индекс обилия - 47, простейшими паразитами - 3,4% и 0,45 соответственно. По показателям встречаемости и обилия доминируют два вида нематод - O. filiformis (экстенсивность инвазии - 100 %, индекс обилия - 27,8) и R. bufonis (экстенсивность инвазии - 89,7 %, индекс обилия - 13,3). В исследуемой выборке B. bufo не выявлены трематоды, вероятно, это связано с «брачным постом»
IMPACT OF EXPRESS SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING TO RIFAMPICIN OF M. TUBERCULOSIS ON CHEMOTHERAPY EFFICIENCY IN THOSE SUFFERING FROM MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS
Goal of the study: to compare efficiency of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy prescribed basing on drug susceptibility testing results obtained by GeneXpertMTB/RIF with relevant correction as per data of culture on liquid media and basing on drug susceptibility testing through culture on liquid media only. Materials and methods. 185 pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the age from 18 to 60 years were included into the study and divided into three groups: Groups 1 and 2 included those susceptible and resistant to rifampicin respectively which was detected by GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Group 3 was formed retrospectively out of patients suffering from multiple drug resistance in whom no test systems had been used.Results. If chemotherapy regimen was appropriately chosen basing on rifampicin susceptibility data obtained only through GeneXpert MTB/RIF, the time of sputum conversion confidently did not differ for those suffering from multiple drug resistance and those without it.Prescription of chemotherapy regimen basing on GeneXpert MTB/RIF results with consequent correction as per culture results obtained by Bactec MGIT 960 confidently enhances treatment outcomes in multiple drug resistant tuberculosis patients both regarding sputum conversion rate and cavity healing compared to the group where treatment regimen was corrected basing on results of culture on liquid media. Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF significantly reduces the number of chemotherapy regimens corrections or transfers to the other regimen. Under-detection of rifampicin resistance when using GeneXpert MTB/RIF compared to Bactec MGIT 960 was fixed on the level of 1.5% (95% CI 0.42-5.44%)
АНАЛИЗ ПАРАЗИТАРНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ ОЗЕРНОЙ ЛЯГУШКИ Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771 (ANURA, RANIDAE) В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПОПУЛЯЦИОННОЙ СПЕЦИФИКИ ХОЗЯИНА
The parasite fauna of lake frogs in the Ural region has been studied. 14 species of parasites belonging to Trematoda, Nematoda and Protozoa were found in the lake frog Pelophylax ridibundus in the South and Middle Ural. The parasitocenosis is characterized by a simplified structure while the number of infected animals increases with age. It was determined that the parasite species quantity in all age groups of P. ridibundus in the South Ural was higher than in the Middle Ural. Изучена фауна паразитов у озерной лягушки в водоемах Урала. У озерной лягушки Pelophylax ridibundus на Южном и Среднем Урале обнаружено 14 видов паразитов, относящихся к трематодам, нематодам и простейшим. Паразитоценоз P. ridibundus характеризуется упрощенной структурой, при этом отмечено увеличение зараженности животных с возрастом. Выявлено, что видовое разнообразие паразитов у всех возрастных групп P. ridibundus на территории Южного Урала выше, чем на Среднем Урале.
Phosphate-modified CpG oligonucleotides induce in vitro maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells
Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the immune response; therefore, the search for compounds that can effectively activate DCs is a needful goal. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of myeloid DCs in comparison with other PAMP and DAMP molecules. For the research, we synthesized known CpG-ODN class C (SD-101 and D-SL03) containing thiophosphate internucleotide groups, and their original phosphate-modified analogues (SD-101M and D-SL03M) with mesylphosphoramide internucleotide groups (M = μ-modification). The effects of CpG-ODN and other activators were evaluated on DCs generated from blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IFN-α (IFN-DC) or IL-4 (IL4-DC). Evaluation of the intracellular TLR-9 expression showed that both types of DCs (IFN-DC and IL4-DC) contained on average 52 and 80 % of TLR-9-positive cells, respectively. The CpG-ODNs studied enhanced the allostimulatory activity of IFN-DCs, and the effect of μ-modified CpG-ODNs was higher than that of CpG-ODNs with thiophosphate groups. The stimulating effect of CpG-ODN at a dose of 1.0 μg/ml was comparable (for D-SL03, D-SL03M, SD-101) with or exceeded (for SD-101M) the effect of LPS at a dose of 10 μg/ml. At the same time, IFN-DCs were characterized by greater sensitivity to the action of CpG-ODNs than IL4-DCs. The enhancement of DC allostimulatory activity in the presence of CpG-ODNs was associated with the induction of final DC maturation, which was confirmed by a significant decrease in the number of CD14+DC, an increase in mature CD83+DC and a trend towards an increase in CD86+DC. Interestingly, the characteristic ability of LPS to enhance the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule OX40L on DCs was revealed only for the μ-analogue SD-101M. In addition, CpG-ODNs (SD-101 and SD-101M) had a stimulatory effect on IFN-γ production comparable to the action of LPS. The data obtained indicate a stimulating effect of CpG-ODN on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of human myeloid DCs, which is more pronounced for μ-modified analogs
РОЛЬ ГЕНОВ RLM И AVRLM В РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К ФОМОЗУ У РАПСА
As part of the study, DNA markers for local races L. maculans were identified and found that the AvrLm4-7 sequence in the selected fungus population is specifically recognized by the resistance Rlm4 and Rlm7 genes. The SCAR marker BN204 was identified, which allows us to identify homozygous and heterozygous plants carrying the Rlm4 gene. The work collection, including 22 varieties and 39 hybrids of rape, was analyzed using the DNA marker BN204. PCR results allowed us to establish that the number of individual plants with the resistance Rlm4 gene was higher than the number of stable forms characterized by the infection of leaf explants with pathogen races carrying the AvrLm4-7 sequence. It is supposed that these individual plants contain the Rlm4 gene, but they lack the Rlm7 gene.В ходе исследования выявлены ДНК-маркеры к местным расам L. maculans и установлено, что в популяции отобранного гриба присутствует последовательность AvrLm4-7, которая специфично распознается генами устойчивости Rlm4 и Rlm7. Выявлен SCAR-маркер BN204, позволяющий идентифицировать гомозиготные и гетерозиготные растения, несущие ген Rlm4. С использованием ДНК-маркера BN204 была проанализирована рабочая коллекция, включающая 22 сорта и 39 сортообразцов рапса. Результаты ПЦР позволили установить, что количество индивидуальных растений с геном устойчивости Rlm4 было выше, чем количество устойчивых форм, охарактеризованных путем заражения листовых эксплантов расами патогена, несущими последовательность AvrLm4-7. Предполагается, что данные индивидуальные растения содержат ген Rlm4, однако у них отсутствует ген Rlm7.
Генетическая дивергенция между дикорастущими популяциями рапса и культурными сортами Brassica napus L.
The study assessed the genetic diversity of commercial varieties and feral populations of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in the Republic of Belarus according to the genotyping data of 7 microsatellite loci – Na12D08, Ol12D04-1, Ol12D04-2, Ra2A05, Na10H03, Na14H11, Ol11B05. The following parameters were calculated: the average number of alleles per locus, the effective number of alleles, the levels of expected and observed heterozygosity, % of polymorphic loci. The results indicate a greater genetic diversity in feral oilseed rape populations. According to the cluster analysis, one feral population fell into a cluster of commercial varieties and demonstrated similarities with the variety Atora, which indicates its recent wildness and the preservation of the genetic characteristics inherent in cultivated varieties. The variety Mercedes was clustered together with samples of feral populations, which may indicate its hybrid origin. An analysis of the structure of the genotype distribution in the Structure software showed the division into three clusters – commercial varieties, feral populations and samples of B. rapa. The established genetic divergence between feral populations and commercial varieties indicates that feral oilseed rape is able to maintain persistent populations inBelarus. In practice, this should be taken into account while assessing the environmental risk when transgenic rape is released into the environment. When cultivating transgenic rapeseed, special attention should be paid to measures to prevent the occurrence of its free-growing populations.Дана оценка генетического разнообразия сортов и дикорастущих популяций масличного рапса (Brassica napus L.), произрастающих на территории Республики Беларусь, по данным генотипирования 7 микросателлитных локусов – Na12D08, Ol12D04-1, Ol12D04-2, Ra2A05, Na10H03, Na14H11, Ol11B05. Рассчитаны среднее число аллелей на локус, эффективное число аллелей, уровни ожидаемой и наблюдаемой гетерозиготности, процент полиморфных локусов. Результаты свидетельствуют о большем генетическом разнообразии в дикорастущих популяциях рапса. По данным кластерного анализа, одна из девяти дикорастущих популяций кластеризовалась с культурными сортами и продемонстрировала генетическое сходство с сортом Атора, что свидетельствует о ее недавнем формировании и сохранении генетических характеристик, присущих культурным сортам. В противоположность этому сорт Мерседес кластеризовался вместе с образцами дикорастущих популяций, что может свидетельствовать о его гибридном происхождении и наличии в дикорастущих популяциях генотипов, которые являлись прародителями данного сорта. Анализ структуры распределения генотипов в программе Structure показал, что наиболее вероятно разделение исследуемой группы на три кластера – культурные сорта, дикорастущие популяции B. napus и образцы B. rapa. Установленная нами генетическая дивергенция между дикорастущими популяциями и сортами указывает на то, что дикорастущий масличный рапс способен формировать и поддерживать стабильные популяции в условиях Беларуси. На практике это следует учитывать при оценке экологического риска при высвобождении трансгенного рапса в окружающую среду. А при возделывании трансгенного рапса особое внимание необходимо уделять мерам по предотвращению возникновения его свободнорастущих популяций
Влияние экспресс-детекции резистентности M. Tuberculosis к рифампицину на эффективность химиотерапии у больных туберкулезом с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя
Goal of the study: to compare efficiency of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy prescribed basing on drug susceptibility testing results obtained by GeneXpertMTB/RIF with relevant correction as per data of culture on liquid media and basing on drug susceptibility testing through culture on liquid media only. Materials and methods. 185 pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the age from 18 to 60 years were included into the study and divided into three groups: Groups 1 and 2 included those susceptible and resistant to rifampicin respectively which was detected by GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Group 3 was formed retrospectively out of patients suffering from multiple drug resistance in whom no test systems had been used.Results. If chemotherapy regimen was appropriately chosen basing on rifampicin susceptibility data obtained only through GeneXpert MTB/RIF, the time of sputum conversion confidently did not differ for those suffering from multiple drug resistance and those without it.Prescription of chemotherapy regimen basing on GeneXpert MTB/RIF results with consequent correction as per culture results obtained by Bactec MGIT 960 confidently enhances treatment outcomes in multiple drug resistant tuberculosis patients both regarding sputum conversion rate and cavity healing compared to the group where treatment regimen was corrected basing on results of culture on liquid media. Using GeneXpert MTB/RIF significantly reduces the number of chemotherapy regimens corrections or transfers to the other regimen. Under-detection of rifampicin resistance when using GeneXpert MTB/RIF compared to Bactec MGIT 960 was fixed on the level of 1.5% (95% CI 0.42-5.44%).Цель исследования: сравнительная оценка эффективности химиотерапии туберкулеза, назначаемой по результатам лекарственной устойчивости возбудителя, определенной с помощью картриджной тест-системы GeneXpertMTB/RIF, с последующей коррекцией по данным посева на жидких средах, и определенной только посевом на жидких средах.Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 185 пациентов с туберкулезом легких в возрасте от 18 до 60 лет, распределенных в три группы: в группах 1 и 2 были пациенты с отсутствием или наличием, соответственно, лекарственной устойчивости возбудителя к рифампицину, установленной по тест-системе GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Группа 3 сформирована ретроспективно из пациентов, имевших возбудителя с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, у которых тест-системы не применяли.Результаты. При правильном выборе режима химиотерапии, соответствующего лекарственной чувствительности микобактерии туберкулеза (МБТ) хотя бы по одному рифампицину, на основании данных теста GeneXpert MTB/RIF, темпы прекращения бактериовыделения достоверно не отличаются у пациентов с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью МБТ и без таковой. Назначение химиотерапии по результатам теста GeneXpert MTB/RIF, с последующей коррекцией по результатам посева на Bactec MGIT 960, достоверно способствует у больных туберкулезом с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя улучшению результатов лечения как по скорости прекращения бактериовыделения, так и по скорости закрытия деструкций, по сравнению с группой, где коррекцию лечения проводили только по результату посева на жидкие среды. При этом использование теста GeneXpert MTB/RIF значительно сокращает число случаев коррекции химиотерапии или перехода на другой режим. Недовыявление при использовании теста GeneXpert MTB/RIF устойчивости МБТ к рифампицину, по сравнению с методом Bactec MGIT 960, зафиксировано на уровне 1,5% (95%-ный ДИ 0,42-5,44%)
Narcissism and the Strategic Pursuit of Short-Term Mating: Universal Links across 11 World Regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2
Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating
Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating : universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2.
Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating
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