Chromospheric impact of an exploding solar granule

Observations of multi-wavelength and therefore height-dependent information following events throughout the solar atmosphere and unambiguously assigning a relation between these rapidly evolving layers are rare and difficult to obtain. Yet, they are crucial for our understanding of the physical processes that couple the different regimes in the solar atmosphere. We characterize the exploding granule event with simultaneous observations of Hinode spectroplarimetric data in the solar photosphere and Hinode broadband CaIIH images combined with Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) slit spectra. We follow the evolution of an exploding granule and its connectivity throughout the atmosphere and analyze the dynamics of a magnetic element that has been affected by the abnormal granule. In addition to magnetic flux maps we use a local correlation tracking method to infer the horizontal velocity flows in the photosphere and apply a wavelet analysis on several IRIS chromospheric emission features such as MgIIk2v and MgIIk3 to detect oscillatory phenomena indicating wave propagation. During the vigorous expansion of the abnormal granule we detect radially outward horizontal flows, causing, together with the horizontal flows from the surrounding granules, the magnetic elements in the bordering intergranular lanes to be squeezed and elongated. In reaction to the squeezing, we detect a chromospheric intensity and velocity oscillation pulse which we identify as an upward traveling hot shock front propagating clearly through the IRIS spectral line diagnostics of MgIIh&k. Conclusion: Exploding granules can trigger upward-propagating shock fronts that dissipate in the chromosphere.Comment: 5 pages (3 figures)+1 page movie snapshots(2 figures), accepted in A&A letters, movies can be found at http://www.science-media.org/216 and http://www.science-media.org/21

Lithologic Character of the Paleozoic Sandstone Succession, Southern Ozark Region, Arkansas, and Missouri

Sandstones comprise nearly half of the Paleozoic (Upper Cambrian-Middle Pennsylvania) lithostratigraphic succession in the southern Ozark region of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri. They record five distinct, but related intervals characterized by 1) Upper Cambrian arkoses resting unconformably on Precambrian granite; 2) Lower Ordovician reworked subarkoses, sublitharentites, and quartzites; 3) Lower Ordovician to Lower Mississippian reworked orthoquartzites; 4) Upper Mississippian first cycle sandstones with few metamorphic rock fragments (mrfs); 5) Lower Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) first cycle sandstones with common mrfs and Middle Pennsylvanian (Atokan) first cycle sandstones with common to abundant mrfs. These sandstones accumulated on a gently sloping cratonic platform reflecting transgressive-regressive, epeiric seas that eroded, transported, reworked and deposited more than 914.4m (3000ft) of terrigenous clastic sediments across what is now the south flank of the Ozark Dome

The meaning of different forms of structural myocardial injury, immune response and timing of infarct necrosis and cardiac repair

Although a decline in the all-cause and cardiac mortality rates following myocardial infarction (MI) during the past 3 decades has been reported, MI is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. From a pathological point of view MI consists in a particular myocardial cell death due to prolonged ischemia. After the onset of myocardial ischemia, cell death is not immediate, but takes a finite period of time to develop. Once complete myocytes’ necrosis has occurred, a process leading to a healed infarction takes place. In fact, MI is a dynamic process that begins with the transition from reversible to irreversible ischemic injury and culminates in the replacement of dead myocardium by a fibrous scar. The pathobiological mechanisms underlying this process are very complex, involving an inflammatory response by several pathways, and pose a major challenge to ability to improve our knowledge. An improved understanding of the pathobiology of cardiac repair after MI and further studies of its underlying mechanisms provide avenues for the development of future strategies directed toward the identification of novel therapies. The chronologic dating of MI is of great importance both to clinical and forensic investigation, that is, the ability to create a theoretical timeline upon which either clinicians or forensic pathologists may increase their ability to estimate the time of MI. Aging of MI has very important practical implications in clinical practice since, based on the chronological dating of MI, attractive alternatives to solve therapeutic strategies in the various phases of MI are developing

Sequence Stratigraphic and Tectono-Stratigraphic Successions, Ozark Shelf, Tri-State Region, Southern Midcontinent

The southern Ozark region, Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma occupies the southern border of the North American craton. Its sedimentary succession preserves a complete Wilson Cycle reflecting the Late Precambrian-Cambrian rifting of Rodinia into the Laurussian and Gondwanan landmasses that opened the Iapetus Ocean Basin during the Late Cambrian-Middle Mississippian. The basin was closed during the Late Mississippian-Middle Pennsylvanian by the collision of Laurussia with Gondwana. During the Late Cambrian through the Middle Pennsylvanian, the Ozark Shelf, including its gently sloping, Northern Arkansas Structural Platform (NASP) and adjacent ramp, records both transgression and regression by epeiric seas as well as regional tectonism that can be recognized as five Tectono-Stratigraphic Successions (TS) and correlated readily with the Sloss Cratonic Sequences. The TS record comprises at least 33 named formations with a potential thickness \u3e2926m (9600ft). However, both eustatic and tectonic sea-level rise and fall also produced regional surfaces of erosion that punctuated deposition, and the preserved thickness on the NASP is significantly less. The five distinct, but related, Tectono-stratigraphic Successions in the Paleozoic record are (TS1) Late Precambrian-Middle Cambrian, (TS2) Upper Cambrian-lowest Ordovician, (TS3) Lower Ordovician-Lower Devonian, (TS4) Middle Devonian-Upper Mississippian, and (TS5) Lower-Middle Pennsylvanian. TS1, a pre-Late Sauk Sequence, is the least well-known succession, consisting of emplaced igneous and low-ranked metasedimentary bodies and pre-Lamotte sedimentary rocks. TS2, Late Sauk Sequence, is potentially \u3e937m (3075ft) of dolomites and sandstones. TS3, Tippecanoe Sequence, is the penultimate thickest interval, possibly \u3e1257m (4125ft) of dolomites, limestones, shales, and supermature sandstones. TS4, Kaskaskia Sequence, measures at least 736m (2416ft). The final TS5, Lower Absaroka Sequence of first cycle sandstones with variable amounts of mrfs, and shales is the thickest interval, \u3e1267m (4160ft) and may exceed 7620m (25,000ft) in the adjacent Arkoma Basin

Observations of solar small-scale magnetic flux-sheet emergence

Aims. Moreno-Insertis et al. (2018) recently discovered two types of flux emergence in their numerical simulations: magnetic loops and magnetic sheet emergence. Whereas magnetic loop emergence has been documented well in the last years, by utilising high-resolution full Stokes data from ground-based telescopes as well as satellites, magnetic sheet emergence is still an understudied process. We report here on the first clear observational evidence of a magnetic sheet emergence and characterise its development. Methods. Full Stokes spectra from the Hinode spectropolarimeter were inverted with the SIR code to obtain solar atmospheric parameters such as temperature, line-of-sight velocities and full magnetic field vector information. Results. We analyse a magnetic flux emergence event observed in the quiet-sun internetwork. After a large scale appearance of linear polarisation, a magnetic sheet with horizontal magnetic flux density of up to 194 Mx/cm$^{2}$ hovers in the low photosphere spanning a region of 2 to 3 arcsec. The magnetic field azimuth obtained through Stokes inversions clearly shows an organised structure of transversal magnetic flux density emerging. The granule below the magnetic flux-sheet tears the structure apart leaving the emerged flux to form several magnetic loops at the edges of the granule. Conclusions. A large amount of flux with strong horizontal magnetic fields surfaces through the interplay of buried magnetic flux and convective motions. The magnetic flux emerges within 10 minutes and we find a longitudinal magnetic flux at the foot points of the order of $\sim$$10^{18}$ Mx. This is one to two orders of magnitude larger than what has been reported for small-scale magnetic loops. The convective flows feed the newly emerged flux into the pre-existing magnetic population on a granular scale.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted as a letter in A&

Method for the recovery of Cr and Co species from effluents using agricultural adsorbent – immobilized E. coli, S. aureus and S. typhi isolates and FAAS detection

Microbial chromium and cobalt reduction was investigated for application in their recovery from industrial wastewater using flame atomic absorption technique. This paper presents the development of a routine method for the recovery of Cr and Co species in microbial-treated industrial wastewater using agricultural adsorbents and silica gel. E. coli, S. typhi and S. aureus were used in reducing these heavy metals. Results indicate that the palm kernel shell charcoal exhibited a good recovery capacity in the presence of the bacterial strains. Recovery rates of Cr in the activated charcoal and a bacterial optimum growth at pH 7.2 – 7.4 and 37 °C are 99.72% (S. typhi), 99.61% (E. coli) and 99.64% (S. aureus), while that of silica gel are 98.08% (S. typhi), 98.79% (E. coli) and 98.02% (S. aureus). The recovery of Co using the palm kernel shell charcoal is 99.71% (S. typhi), 99.58% (E. coli) and 99.60% (S. aureus). The results using the silica gel are 98.36% (S. typhi), 98.82% (E. coli) and 99.42% (S. aureus). In comparison to silica gel the palm kernel shell exhibited a higher recovery rate of Cr and Co in the presence of the bacterial strains.Keywords: Bacteria, adsorbent, heavy metal, wastewater, biosorption

Torsion of an Ovarian Cyst in Pregnancy

Torsion of the ovary is the partial or total rotation of the ovary over its pedicle. It is unusual for it to occur in the second trimester. We report a case  of a 35year old G10P9+0A7 at 17weeks gestation who presented with acute severe abdominal pain. She was found to have an ovarian cyst in pregnancy. She had Exploratory Laparotomy where a huge gangrenous cyst was found and Salpingoophorectomy was performed. The pregnancy continued without any problems. The histology report showed a Simple Cyst. Key words: Torsion, Ovarian Cyst, Pregnanc

Representación del género, la edad y la actividad física en libros para colorear infantiles

[EN] Despite publishing houses recognizing the importance of ensuring equal representation of all people in curricular materials and scholars also noting their importance in teaching children gendered behaviours, it is still common to find stereotypically gendered non-coeducational curriculum materials in the international market. The aim of this study is to determine the representation of female and male characters in the illustrations of six colouring books published in the United Kingdom entitled “Books for Girls” and “Books for Boys”. A quantitative content analysis, and a supporting qualitative discourse analysis were carried out. This paper examines the effect of constructing gender difference in children’s colouring books. Gender bias in early childhood education poses the risk of perpetuating a manifestation of inequality.[ES] A pesar de que las editoriales reconocen la importancia de asegurar la representación igualitaria de todas las personas en los materiales curriculares y los académicos también señalan su importancia en la enseñanza de comportamientos de género a los niños, todavía es común encontrar en el mercado internacional materiales curriculares no coeducativos con estereotipos de género. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la representación de los personajes femeninos y masculinos en las ilustraciones de seis libros para colorear publicados en el Reino Unido titulados “Books for Girls” y “Books for Boys”. Se llevó a cabo un análisis cuantitativo de contenido y de apoyo un análisis cualitativo del discurso. En el presente documento se examina el efecto de la construcción de la diferencia de género en los libros para colorear para la infancia. El sesgo de género en la educación infantil plantea el riesgo de perpetuar una manifestación de desigualdad

Geospatial Analysis of Flood Problems in Jimeta Riverine Community of Adamawa State, Nigeria

Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters in the world, claiming more lives and causing more property damages than any other natural phenomena. In recent times, the incidence of flooding across Nigeria has left both the government and the governed devastated. It is no longer news that flooding and its attendant consequences are injurious to man while the spatial dimensions are often not mapped. This study, therefore, examined the nature of water level/extent and vulnerability in the riverine community of Jimeta, Adamawa State. Using time series analysis, four epoch satellite images covering the study area was used to evaluate the geospatial coverage of water along the watercourse of Upper Benue bordering the study area. Using ILWIS 3.8, ArcGIS 10.1 and statistical analysis, the spatial extent and vulnerability of settlements was mapped. Highly vulnerable (50m buffer) were differentiated from low risk zones (100m buffers). Study revealed that besides rainfall, excess water from Cameroun dam is largely responsible for the identified high level of inundation.  The impacts of flood on the local people are devastating as lives and properties have been lost while economic activities reduced due to health risks and mass migration to neighbouring villages and towns. Early flood warning system (EFWS), rapid response mechanism and outfit, strict adherence to zoning and building principles, evacuation of waste and maintenance of drainage systems, mass awareness campaign on flooding and other environmental hazards and, continuous rehabilitation and assistance of victims as a government, individual and NGOs are recommended hence synergy among stake holders is advocated. Keywords: Flood, GIS Buffer, Settlement, Vulnerability, Water Coverage