The study and feasibility of Cheshmeh-Ali River and downstream area of Shahid Shah-Charaghy dam in Damghan for aquaculture development

To reveal the fisheries productivity and to get the maximum possible exploitations of the running water resources, existing potentials for aquaculture in Shit and Kordabad rivers in Tarom of Zanjan province were surveyed in a one year round study. In this way 4 and 3 sampling site were respectively selected in Shit and Kordabad rivers and benthic macroinvertebrates and water samples were collected and analyzed at least two times a season and fish fauna were also sampled and studied only two times during the period. All the measured water quality characteristics(such as O_2, water temperature, pH, nutrients, NH_3, BOD_5 and . . . ) were within the normal range suggested for the cold water fish culture. In both rivers no significant differences (p≤95%) were detected for physicochemical parameters within the study sites except for electrical conductivity and total hardness which differed in the firs and last station. Depletion of Agricultural run off and residual from the adjacent farmlands and municipal drainages into the water body of the rivers, were certainly effective in these changes However none of water quality parameters exceed the maximum permitted level for aquaculture. According to the benthic macroinvertebrates study 38 family of 12 taxa and 26 family of the 11 taxa were identified in Shit and Kordabad rivers respectively, most of them belonged to the aquatic insect larvae of the sensitive groups. Community structure indices and Hilsenhof family level biotic index proved a "very good" to "good" water quality criteria for the study sites in both rivers .One fish species in Shit and five species (4 of them were endemic) were identified in Kordabad river. Despite acceptable water quality in Shit river, some inhibiting factors such as adjacent farmlands and dense agricultural land use, high slope of river valley in most region which cause rare suitable lands for locating aquaculture sites, very limited access to road and electricity supply and lack of acceptability to manipulate or divert river water for fish farms, by the local people, are the major constrains for constructing trout farms in Shit river. However constructing a 15 mt capacity rainbow trout farm is possible at first 2 kilometers of the upstream where the water quality and quantity are relatively better and there are some lands with low slope and access to road and electricity supply. Kordabad river has a similar criteria and water quality and quantity at upstream is desirable for rainbow trout culture. The first 2 kilometer of this river is capable of constructing trout farms in some non cultivated lands. Moreover the Kordabad natural dam reservoir is available to conduct its water for further demands. In addition a total of 75mt rainbow trout production in the form of 2 or 3 separate site is possible in this river. Even though the local climate particularly in Kordabad river is acceptable for carp fishes, however land limitations, soil texture and the high volume of water demands, make warm water fishes commercial production impossible

Primary immunodeficiency disorders in Iran: Update and new insights from the third report of the national registry

Background: Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are a group of heterogeneous disorders mainly characterized by severe and recurrent infections and increased susceptibility to malignancies, lymphoproliferative and autoimmune conditions. National registries of PID disorders provide epidemiological data and increase the awareness of medical personnel as well as health care providers. Methods: This study presents the demographic data and clinical manifestations of Iranian PID patients who were diagnosed from March 2006 till the March of 2013 and were registered in Iranian PID Registry (IPIDR) after its second report of 2006. Results: A total number of 731 new PID patients (455 male and 276 female) from 14 medical centers were enrolled in the current study. Predominantly antibody deficiencies were the most common subcategory of PID (32.3 %) and were followed by combined immunodeficiencies (22.3 %), congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both (17.4 %), well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency (17.2 %), autoinflammatory disorders (5.2 %), diseases of immune dysregulation (2.6 %), defects in innate immunity (1.6 %), and complement deficiencies (1.4 %). Severe combined immunodeficiency was the most common disorder (21.1 %). Other prevalent disorders were common variable immunodeficiency (14.9 %), hyper IgE syndrome (7.7 %), and selective IgA deficiency (7.5 %). Conclusions: Registration of Iranian PID patients increased the awareness of medical community of Iran and developed diagnostic and therapeutic techniques across more parts of the country. Further efforts must be taken by increasing the coverage of IPIDR via electronically registration and gradual referral system in order to provide better estimation of PID in Iran and reduce the number of undiagnosed cases. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media

The effects of slurry on larviculture of Rutilus frisii kutum and chienes carp yield and determination of efficient concentration for increasing of production

Rutilus frisii kutum is one of the important fish of Caspian Sea which has significant economical role in the region .The objective of this project is a comparative study on traditional culture of fishes versus slurry. This survey were conducted on nine pound of 1.7 hec triplicate with their treatment with stocking densities of 1.7 million fish larva at Dr yousefpoor center (Affiliated of Shahid Beheshti culture and propagation) at Siakal village , 32 km far from Rasht city in North of Iran, the first treatment considered as control which practice traditionally (using concentrated food plus grinded kilka fish) .In the second treatment for 13 days the pound supplied only by slurry then followed by concentrated fish food only .The tired treatment started with slurry for 13 days and followed by slurry plus concentrated food. The physical and chemical parameters of water, plankton, biometry of fish, growth indices such as daily weight growth (DWG), daily length growth (DLG) as well as specific ratio (SGR) were monitored weekly. The result indicate that net fish production was 1.7 to 2 times higher in slurry than traditional treatment also the survival rate were 1.7 times higher in slurry treatment . The treatment of slurry follow by addition of concentrated food plus slurry showed higher yield camper to others. Slurry with several active substances is more effective and can promote the growth of zooplanktons which is the food of larval stage of rutilus frisi kutum. In second phase of this project the effect of slurry was surveyed on Chinese carp. This experiment was conducted in triplicate with two treatment (one treatment is control which use cow manure plus chemical fertilizer and second treatment was conducted with slurry) and stocked with 2375 N/hec (Silver carp 60%, Big head 15%, common carp 17% and grass carp 8%) at June. In this survey common carp and grass carp were feed with concentrate food and fresh grasses respectively. Chemical factors were measured once for each two week and density of plankton was determined when it was necessarily. Nutritional content of phosphorous, nitrogen, calcium, potassium and magnesium after anaerobic fermentation as well as protein and lipid content with 1.4and 1.9 times respectively were higher in slurry treatment than control. The results showed that survival rate and yield were higher in slurry than control. The increasing percent of yield were 13.5, 2.6, 18.4 and 85.3 in Silver carp, Big head, common carp and grass carp respectively. The survival rate of grass carp was twice higher in slurry treatment than control. Zooplankton abundant in slurry pounds was more but blue- green algae density was less than control. Protein and lipid analysis reviled no significant difference between control and slurry. In general the result indicate that the slurry with higher nutritional content is more effective on the survival and growth rate of fishes and also is more efficient in proliferation of plankton in particular zooplankton

Experiments on polyculture of pike, Esox lucius, with carps

The Goal of project implementation was survey of biological roles of Northern pike, Esox lucius, in decreasing of Coarse fish and other un economics organisms in carps ponds and also increasing of final crops in hectare and determination of Suitable ration of pike in ponds. This project implemented by 5 treatment with 3 replicates for every ones in 2 years. The pike density was 200, 350, 500 and 650 fish individuals per hectare for 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatment, respectively, and fifth treatment was without pike. The treatments of 1 and 3 conducted in first year and other in second year of test period. At first, about 26 brooders Caught from Anzali Lagoon, and reproduced by artificial and semi - natural methods in Sefidroud Fisheries Research Station in 12–14 °c temperature. Produced larvae reared in earthen ponds and fries reached to weight of 10 -12 g after 45 days. Mean weight, length and survival rates of fish was 12.27 and 32.5 g, 11.44 and 15.83 cm, and 40 and 21% after 45 and 60 days, respectively. The carp density in ponds was 3500 fish individuals per hectare and stocking rates were 55 % silver carp, 20 % common carp, 10 % bighead carp and 15 % grass carp. In throughout of the experiment period, physico– chemical factors measured and plankton (phyto and zoo), benthos, un wanted fish and other organisms investigated. The biomass of unwanted fishes reduced to 76/81 and 60/6 % in first and second year of experiments respectively. The results showed that Esox lucius had effect in increasing of objective fish produce about 17.9 % and 3.9 % in first and second period of project implementation respectively. The average of fish produce in pond unit (2400 m^2)was 842 kg (3508 kg/ha ), 825 kg (3439 kg/ha) and 776 kg (3232 kg/ha) in first , second and control treatments first year of test period , and also in second year was 865 kg (3603 kg/ha), 877 kg (3652 kg/ha) and 848 kg (3531 kg/ha) in second , fourth and control treatments , respectively. A significant different found in final weight mean of common carp between treatments and Control ponds (P <0/05), as the weight of common carp in treatments ponds was 220 % in first year and 191 % in second year more than control pond. In end of the trial, the mean weight of Esox lucius was 265 ± 74, 276 ± 104, 159 ± 33 and 265 ± 89 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatment, respectively. Survival rate of Northern pike in 1 to 4 treatment was 43.8, 55.2, 40 and 35.6 %, respectively

Study of Todebin dam reservoir in Zanjan province in order to aquaculture possibility

The Todebin dam reservoir has been constructed in central part of Abhar in the Zanjan province which has been studied with aquaculture purpose. This study was conducted on biotic and abiotic factors. The plankton, benthos and fishes were identified and the parasitology and bacteriology studies were performed on the lake fishes. Then the fisheries potential of the lake was calculated in respect of final fish farming amount and the fish releasing. The results showed the Bacillariophyta was dominated ِduring the study. the highest abundance of phytoplankton was between 2.1 and 12.5 million cells.l^-1 in the upper layer of lake as compared with the lower layer. The genus Cyclotella and Dinobryon belong to phytoplankton and Keratella and Polyathera belong to zooplankton were dominanted abundance. The mean biomass of benthos was varied from 5.5 to 29.5 g.m -2 and the Chironomidae had the most abundance. The ichtiology survey showed the presence of four cultured species and the Goldfish. The hydro-chemical results indicated no restriction for aquaculture activity. The oxygen average was more than 8 mg/l. The average of phosphate, nitrogen and hardness were measured 0.09±0.04, 2±0.8 and 237±94.5 mg/l., respectively. For the most hydrochemical factores, the values were significantly different between upper and bottom layers of the lake. The oxygen production and Chl-a amount were measured about 0.73 mg/l. and 7/03 µg/l., respectively. According to climatic restrictions, the cold fish culture is preferred than to culture of warm fishes. While the natural capacity of the lake was about 5 tones to warm fish culture, the fish production of trout was estimated about 40 tones. This volume will be available during four months periods and twice a year

Pivotal Role of Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase in Maintaining Genome Stability and the Prevention of Apoptosis in Human Cells

Pure nucleotide precursor pools are a prerequisite for high-fidelity DNA replication and the suppression of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. ITPases are nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatases that clean the precursor pools of the non-canonical triphosphates of inosine and xanthine. The precise role of the human ITPase, encoded by the ITPA gene, is not clearly defined. ITPA is clinically important because a widespread polymorphism, 94C>A, leads to null ITPase activity in erythrocytes and is associated with an adverse reaction to thiopurine drugs. We studied the cellular function of ITPA in HeLa cells using the purine analog 6-N hydroxylaminopurine (HAP), whose triphosphate is also a substrate for ITPA. In this study, we demonstrate that ITPA knockdown sensitizes HeLa cells to HAP-induced DNA breaks and apoptosis. The HAP-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity observed in ITPA knockdown cells are rescued by an overexpression of the yeast ITPase encoded by the HAM1 gene. We further show that ITPA knockdown results in elevated mutagenesis in response to HAP treatment. Our studies reveal the significance of ITPA in preventing base analog-induced apoptosis, DNA damage and mutagenesis in human cells. This implies that individuals with defective ITPase are predisposed to genome damage by impurities in nucleotide pools, which is drastically augmented by therapy with purine analogs. They are also at an elevated risk for degenerative diseases and cancer

Survey and feasibility study for the introduction of native fish and non- native fish for cage culture in the southern part of Caspian Sea

The aim of this study is the feasibility of introducing suitable species of fish (native and exotic) for rearing in cages in the southern region of the Caspian Sea. This study from the perspective of economic efficiency and maintaining ecology were analyzed. The results showed that the southern Caspian Sea has the ability to aquaculture fish. However, due to the yearly temperature variations of water (from surface to a depth of 50 meters), the talent of aquaculture area is preferred for fish in cold water than warm water fish due to possibility rearing over the years. The survey showed that the current conditions and due to unfavorable changes in the ecology of the area in the last decade, the use of non-native fish culture in cages is not recommended. Many species of native fish are suitable for rearing in cages. Nevertheless, there is no infrastructure suitable for the production of all of them. Therefore, respectively species of Salmo caspius, Huso huso and Common carp of Caspian Sea for cultivation of in cages was suggested. In the current situation, this fish for their ability to grow faster than the need for selectivity. It is noteworthy that detailed environmental assessments and species risk assessments before the final introduction of any fish species (native and exotic) for rearing in cages in the Caspian Sea ecosystem is essential

The feasibility of Gamasiab river area fish farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study was carried out about 15 months to determine suitable locations for the development of aquaculture across the Gamasiab river of Hamedan province in 2007 - 2008. Physicochemical parameters and macro benthic invertebrates fauna 15 and 13 stations respectively every 45 days and seasonally fish identify in 8 stations were performed according standard methods. The average water temperature was 12.8±3.7 oC, minimum and maximum dissoled oxygen were 2.6 and 12.5 mg/lit respectively during the study. The pH range was between 7.5-8.8 , the minimum and maximum Ec was 250 and 750 µmos/cm in Mehr and Tir. The transparency range was recorded about 1-103 F.T.U. The uder factors such as amount of suspended materials: 0.01-0.1 mg/l, amount of BOD5: 0.05-6.2 mg/l and COD: 30 (minimum) and 70.57 (maximum) were recorded. The total solids material (T.S.S) were less than 1 mg/lit. Totally 37 groups of bentic organisms were identified which 11 groups of them were appertained to pollution sensitive orders containing Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Plecoptera. During fish population studied 21 species belonging 5 family were identified. Based on obtained results of biological, ecological, economic and social parameters, 10 sites in 7 areas were suitable identified for fish rearing and 12 aquaculture programs (10 plan for fish rearing and 2 plan for increasing fish production of (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The minimum and maximum production capacity in mentioned places was estimated about 1675 and 3850 tons respectively

Consensus Middle East and North Africa Registry on Inborn Errors of Immunity

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic defects of immunity, which cause high rates of morbidity and mortality mainly among children due to infectious and non-infectious complications. The IEI burden has been critically underestimated in countries from middle- and low-income regions and the majority of patients with IEI in these regions lack a molecular diagnosis. Methods: We analyzed the clinical, immunologic, and genetic data of IEI patients from 22 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The data was collected from national registries and diverse databases such as the Asian Pacific Society for Immunodeficiencies (APSID) registry, African Society for Immunodeficiencies (ASID) registry, Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) registry, J Project centers, and International Consortium on Immune Deficiency (ICID) centers. Results: We identified 17,120 patients with IEI, among which females represented 39.4%. Parental consanguinity was present in 60.5% of cases and 27.3% of the patients were from families with a confirmed previous family history of IEI. The median age of patients at the onset of disease was 36 months and the median delay in diagnosis was 41 months. The rate of registered IEI patients ranges between 0.02 and 7.58 per 100,000 population, and the lowest rates were in countries with the highest rates of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and death rates for children. Predominantly antibody deficiencies were the most frequent IEI entities diagnosed in 41.2% of the cohort. Among 5871 patients genetically evaluated, the diagnostic yield was 83% with the majority (65.2%) having autosomal recessive defects. The mortality rate was the highest in patients with non-syndromic combined immunodeficiency (51.7%, median age: 3.5 years) and particularly in patients with mutations in specific genes associated with this phenotype (RFXANK, RAG1, and IL2RG). Conclusions: This comprehensive registry highlights the importance of a detailed investigation of IEI patients in the MENA region. The high yield of genetic diagnosis of IEI in this region has important implications for prevention, prognosis, treatment, and resource allocation