The Ah receptor: adaptive metabolism, ligand diversity, and the xenokine model

Author Posting. © American Chemical Society, 2020. This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License. The definitive version was published in Chemical Research in Toxicology, 33(4), (2020): 860-879, doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00476.The Ah receptor (AHR) has been studied for almost five decades. Yet, we still have many important questions about its role in normal physiology and development. Moreover, we still do not fully understand how this protein mediates the adverse effects of a variety of environmental pollutants, such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (“dioxins”), and many polyhalogenated biphenyls. To provide a platform for future research, we provide the historical underpinnings of our current state of knowledge about AHR signal transduction, identify a few areas of needed research, and then develop concepts such as adaptive metabolism, ligand structural diversity, and the importance of proligands in receptor activation. We finish with a discussion of the cognate physiological role of the AHR, our perspective on why this receptor is so highly conserved, and how we might think about its cognate ligands in the future.This review is dedicated in memory of the career of Alan Poland, one of the truly great minds in pharmacology and toxicology. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grants R35-ES028377, T32-ES007015, P30-CA014520, P42-ES007381, and U01-ES1026127, The UW SciMed GRS Program, and The Morgridge Foundation. The authors would like to thank Catherine Stanley of UW Media Solutions for her artwork

Toxicity of several d-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis against Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Spain

Toxicity and larval growth inhibition of eleven insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis were evaluated against neonate larvae of Helicoverpa armigera, a major pest of important crops in Spain and other countries, by a whole-diet contamination method. The most active toxins were Cry1Ac4 and Cry2Aa1, with LC50 values of 3.5 and 6.3 μg/ml, respectively. At the concentrations tested, Cry1Ac4, Cry2Aa1, Cry9Ca, Cry1Fa1, Cry1Ab3, Cry2Ab2, Cry1Da, and Cry1Ja1, produced a significant growth inhibition, whereas Cry1Aa3, Cry1Ca2, and Cry1Ea had no effect

Resultados de la aplicación en parcelas comerciales de un programa de control integrado de plagas de manzano en Lleida

Se describen los métodos de muestreo, los umbrales de tolerancia y los métodos de control utilizados en un programa de control integrado de plagas de manzano basado en el control biológico de Panonychus ulmi Koch mediante Amblyseius andersoni Chant y en el empleo de productos selectivos cuando existen, contra el resto de las plagas, en Lleida. El programa se ha llevado a cabo en 6 fincas en las campañas 1989-90 y 1990-91. Sólo en un caso no se produjo control biológico de P. ulmi, siendo necesario un tratamiento acaricida. En general, los métodos de control del resto de las plagas han funcionado correctamente, aunque en algunos casos son tácticas conservadoras. Se discuten finalmente los distintos componentes del programa de control integrado y se señalan los objetivos del plan de trabajo futuro.The sampling techniques, economic thresholds and control methods used in an IPM program for apples at Lleida (NE of Spain) based on the biological control of Panonychus ulmi Koch by means of Amblyseius andersoni Chant and the application of selective agrochemicals, when available, against other pests are described. The program was applied in six orchards in 1989-90 and in four orchards in 1990-91. Only one acaricide treatment was neccesary one year in one orchard, biological control being successfull otherwise. In general, control techniques worked well, although sometimes the strategies are not enough selectives. The different components of the IPM program are discussed and the goals of future research, outlined

Sistem Informasi dan Pelayanan Buku SMAN 23 Bandung Berbasis Website

ABSTRAK Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan untuk mendesain Sistem Informasi dan Pelayanan Buku SMAN 23 Bandung Berbasis Website agar dapat membantu dan mempermudah proses pelayanan peminjaman dan pengembalian buku, dan menyimpan lalu menampilkan hasil literasi siswa ke dalam sebuah website yang mudah diakses bagi siswa maupun pihak SMAN 23 Bandung. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah analisis kebutuhan mitra, perancangan sisten, pengenalan dan pelatihan sistem, serta evaluasi dari sistem yang dibangun. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa situs perpustakaan SMAN 23 Bandung yang telah dibangun dalam kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini mempermudah pelayanan perpustakaan SMAN 23 Bandung, namun dari hasil evaluasi ada beberapa hal yang harus diperbaiki. Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi, Website, Perpustakaan ABSTRACT The Community Service Activity (PkM) aims to design an Information System and Book Service for SMAN 23 Bandung based on a website to assist and streamline the processes of book borrowing and return services. It also aims to store and display the literacy results of students on a website that is easily accessible to both students and SMAN 23 Bandung staff. The stages involved in this project include analyzing the needs of the partner, system design, system introduction and training, as well as evaluating the constructed system. The evaluation results indicate that the library website of SMAN 23 Bandung, built as part of this Community Service Activity, has facilitated the library services at SMAN 23 Bandung. However, the evaluation highlights some areas that need improvement. Keywords: Information System, Website, LibraryÂ

Mitochondrial K_ATP Channel and Dopaminergic Vulnerability Neurons in Parkinson’s Disease

The motor deficiency control commonly characterizes Parkinson’s disease (PD), resulting in impairment of neuromuscular command, because of basal ganglia nuclei degeneration and late formation of Lewy’s bodies in the remaining dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Motor signals are triggered in high cortical motor areas and go toward the midbrain regions, where the final tuning movement takes place. PD is characterized primarily by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the regions known as substantia nigra compacta (STNc). Mutations in a couple of genes, such as Parkin1 and DJ1, correspond to the usual familial form of the disease, due to its association with oxidative stress and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane. However, this form does not explain the selective pattern of apoptosis between the neuronal dopaminergic areas of midbrain regions. In this chapter, we are putting forward the hypothesis of oxidative stress and mitochondrial changes as the apparent most relevant cause in PD, as well as the neuroprotective role played by Kir6.2, a potassium-ATP channel and calcium voltage-gated v1.3

Uso de esteroides anabolizantes em estudantes de Educação Física de uma Instituição privada da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro

The use of anabolic steroids by Physical Education teachers has been the object of recent studies, but its use by students is still an unexplored field. In this perspective, the present study aimed to know the use of anabolic steroids by Physical Education students, also identifying which substances are commonly used among undergraduates. In order to reach the objective, the manuscript counted on the participation of 200 students of an undergraduate course in Physical Education of an institution of private administrative dependency, located in the west zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. The inclusion criterion was to be regularly enrolled in the baccalaureate course. The remaining students from other courses were excluded. It was detected in the study that of the 200 academics, 18 used some type of anabolic sustenance, 53 already used and 129 never used. It was detected in the study that of the 200 academics, 18 used some type of anabolic sustenance, 53 had used and 129 had never used, being the prevalence greater in the male sex and Durateston and Deca-durabolin the most used steroids.O uso de esteroides anabolizantes por professores de Educação Física tem sido objeto de estudos recentes, mas a sua utilização por estudantes ainda é um campo pouco explorado. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo objetivou conhecer o uso de esteroides anabolizantes por estudantes de Educação Física, identificando ainda quais são as substâncias comumente utilizadas entre os graduandos. Para atingir o objetivo, o manuscrito contou com a participação de 200 estudantes de um curso de graduação presencial em Educação Física de uma instituição de dependência administrativa privada, localizada na zona oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O critério de inclusão foi estar regularmente matriculado no curso de bacharelado. Os demais estudantes de outros cursos foram excluídos. Foi detectado no estudo que dos 200 acadêmicos, 18 utilizam algum tipo de sustância anabólica, 53 já utilizaram e 129 nunca utilizara, sendo a prevalência maior no sexo masculino e Durateston e Deca-durabolin os esteroides mais utilizados

Reevaluation of the Value of Autoparasitoids in Biological Control

Autoparasitoids with the capacity of consuming primary parasitoids that share the same hosts to produce males are analogous to intraguild predators. The use of autoparasitoids in biological control programs is a controversial matter because there is little evidence to support the view that autoparasitoids do not disrupt and at times may promote suppression of insect pests in combination with primary parasitoids. We found that Encarsia sophia, a facultative autoparasitoid, preferred to use heterospecific hosts as secondary hosts for producing males. The autoparasitoids mated with males originated from heterospecifics may parasitize more hosts than those mated with males from conspecifics. Provided with an adequate number of males, the autoparasitoids killed more hosts than En. formosa, a commonly used parasitoid for biological control of whiteflies. This study supports the view that autoparasitoids in combination with primary parasitoids do not disrupt pest management and may enhance such programs. The demonstrated preference of an autoparasitoid for heterospecifics and improved performance of males from heterospecifics observed in this study suggests these criteria should be considered in strategies that endeavor to mass-produce and utilize autoparasitoids in the future