Fibroma ossificante dei seni paranasali: diagnosi e management

Le lesioni fibro-ossee benigne raramente colpiscono i seni paranasali e sono suddivise in 3 entità: osteoma, displasia fibrosa e fibroma ossificante. Questi presentano simili caratteristiche cliniche, radiologiche e istologiche ma hanno un comportamento diverso. Il fibroma ossificante, in particolare la variante istologica giovanile, può presentare un comportamento aggressivo con un alto rischio di recidiva se rimosso in modo incompleto. Lo scopo dello studio è quello di paragonare il comportamento clinico del fibroma ossificante con quello delle altre lesioni fibro-ossee; di evidenziare un eventuale comportamento differente tra i vari sottotipi istologici; di descrivere i vantaggi, i limiti e i risultati della chirurgia endoscopica endonasale rispetto ai dati presenti in letteratura. Abbiamo analizzato retrospettivamente 11 pazienti affetti da fibroma ossificante naso-sinusale e trattati in un centro ospedaliero di terzo livello. Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti a TC. La RM è stata eseguita in caso di coinvolgimento del basicranio o in caso di recidiva. Una biopsia pre-operatoria è stata effettuata nei casi in cui la massa era raggiungibile per via endoscopica. Un paziente è stato sottoposto a embolizzazione pre-operatoria ed ha riportato una cecità monolaterale al termine della procedure. In base alla localizzazione, l’exeresi del tumore è stata eseguita con un approccio endoscopico (7 pazienti), esterno (3), combinato (1). Istologicamente 5 pazienti hanno riportato un sottotipo convenzionale, 5 la variante giovanile psammomatoide associata in un caso a cisti aneurismatica ossea, e un paziente la variante giovanile trabecolare. Tre pazienti affetti dalla variante istologica giovanile psammomatoide hanno presentato un’invasione del basicranio e sono stati sottoposti ad exeresi subtotale per via endoscopica che ha richiesto in seguito, a causa di un aumento di volume del residuo, un secondo intervento per via transbasale. I reperti clinici, radiologici e istologici dovrebbero essere considerati insieme per una accurata diagnosi differenziale tra le lesioni fibro-ossee. Ulteriori studi sono necessari per concludere se la localizzazione e l’estensione del fibroma ossificante al momento della diagnosi sono più importanti della variante istologica. L’approccio endoscopico è la prima opzione nella maggior parte dei casi anche se in alcuni selezionati pazienti l’approccio esterno risulta ancora necessario

Nutrition in children with CRF and on dialysis

The objectives of this study are: (1) to understand the importance of nutrition in normal growth; (2) to review the methods of assessing nutritional status; (3) to review the dietary requirements of normal children throughout childhood, including protein, energy, vitamins and minerals; (4) to review recommendations for the nutritional requirements of children with chronic renal failure (CRF) and on dialysis; (5) to review reports of spontaneous nutritional intake in children with CRF and on dialysis; (6) to review the epidemiology of nutritional disturbances in renal disease, including height, weight and body composition; (7) to review the pathological mechanisms underlying poor appetite, abnormal metabolic rate and endocrine disturbances in renal disease; (8) to review the evidence for the benefit of dietetic input, dietary supplementation, nasogastric and gastrostomy feeds and intradialytic nutrition; (9) to review the effect of dialysis adequacy on nutrition; (10) to review the effect of nutrition on outcome

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Inorganically and organically modified mineral clays: a sustainable approach in the control of the olive tree fly pest, Bactrocera oleae

The most relevant phytophagous insect associated with olive tree plantations throughout the Mediterranean area is Bactrocera oleae, the olive tree fly. Innovative and environmentally-friendly methods for the mitigation of such pest have been attracting an ever-increasing attention, especially after 2014, when the whole Italian olive oil production suffered from dramatic losses. Novel prevention strategies should meet four main criteria: toxicologic safety, environmental selectivity and compatibility, pest-control efficiency and economic sustainability. In this aim, two series of solids showing a detrimental effect on the life cycle of Bactrocera oleae have been designed and prepared, i.e. montmorillonite-based clays from mineral origin containing: i) Group 11 transition metal cationic species, such as Cu(II) and Ag(I) or ii) polyphenolic organic compounds derived from olive mill waste waters. The bioactive solid materials have been prepared either by ionic exchange from aqueous solutions of sulfate or nitrate metal precursors at various concentrations or by impregnation of the polyphenol-containing effluents onto the clay support, respectively (Scheme 1). In the case of metal-based solids, by optimising the ion-exchange procedure, a fully adequate bioactive metal content was reached for practical purposes, although reducing by more than 80% the use of precursor salts with respect to the current state of the art (1). These materials contain approx. 5 wt.% of active metal and possess acid sites, which not only, when dispersed on the fruit surface, inhibit the egg-laying activity of flies into the olives, but also catalytically-active metal cation sites with enhanced biocide effect against parasites of several crops (2). In polyphenol-modified solids, on the other hand, amounts of organics in the range of 0.9-2.6 wt.% can be deposited. Thanks to the immobilisation within the interlayer spaces of the clay, lower concentrations of bioactive species may be applied onto the olive tree, thus reducing the potential undesired dispersal of the active molecules into the environment. In order to evaluate the performance of the most promising solids in open-field tests, two sets of experimental campaigns have been carried out on olive tree orchards in Southern Tuscany, in summer 2015 and 2016. Preliminary promising results have been obtained with Cu(II) species and with aqueous-phase olive mill wastewaters deposited onto bentonite-like montmorillonite clays, in terms of reduction of both fly infestation and damages on the olive fruit. These materials have indeed proved to be easily prepared, cost effective, environmentally friendly, stable to rainwater leaching, toxicologically safe and led to a remarkable diminution in the use of bioactive species for on-field applications. References: 1. Baker, H. Desalination, 244 (2009) 48. 2. Belcari, A., Bobbio, E., Informatore Fitopatologico, 12 (1999) 52

On the Use of Hydroxyl Radical Kinetics to Assess the Number-Average Molecular Weight of Dissolved Organic Matter

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is involved in numerous environmental processes, and its molecular size is important in many of these processes, such as DOM bioavailability, DOM sorptive capacity, and the formation of disinfection byproducts during water treatment. The size and size distribution of the molecules composing DOM remains an open question. In this contribution, an indirect method to assess the average size of DOM is described, which is based on the reaction of hydroxyl radical (HO^•) quenching by DOM. HO^• is often assumed to be relatively unselective, reacting with nearly all organic molecules with similar rate constants. Literature values for HO^• reaction with organic molecules were surveyed to assess the unselectivity of DOM and to determine a representative quenching rate constant (<i>k</i>_rep = 5.6 × 10⁹ M^–1 s^–1). This value was used to assess the average molecular weight of various humic and fulvic acid isolates as model DOM, using literature HO^• quenching constants, <i>k</i>_C,_DOM. The results obtained by this method were compared with previous estimates of average molecular weight. The average molecular weight (<i>M</i>_n) values obtained with this approach are lower than the <i>M</i>_n measured by other techniques such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), and flow field fractionation (FFF). This suggests that DOM is an especially good quencher for HO^•, reacting at rates close to the diffusion-control limit. It was further observed that humic acids generally react faster than fulvic acids. The high reactivity of humic acids toward HO^• is in line with the antioxidant properties of DOM. The benefit of this method is that it provides a firm upper bound on the average molecular weight of DOM, based on the kinetic limits of the HO^• reaction. The results indicate low average molecular weight values, which is most consistent with the recent understanding of DOM. A possible DOM size distribution is discussed to reconcile the small nature of DOM with the large-molecule behavior observed in other studies

Aqueous singlet oxygen reaction kinetics of furfuryl alcohol: effect of temperature, pH, and salt content

The rate constant for the reaction between furfuryl alcohol (FFA) and singlet oxygen (1O2) in aqueous solution was measured as a function of temperature, pH and salt content employing both steady-state photolysis (β value determination) and time-resolved singlet oxygen phosphorescence methods. The latter provided more precise and reproducible data. The reaction rate constant, krxn,FFA, had a relatively small temperature dependence, no pH dependence and showed a small increase in the presence of high salt concentrations (+19% with 1 M NaCl). A critical review of the available literature suggested that the widely used value of 1.2 × 108 M−1 s−1 is likely overestimated. Therefore, we recommend the use of 1.00 × 108 M−1 s−1 for reactions performed in low ionic strength aqueous solutions (freshwater) at 22 °C. Furthermore, corrections are provided that should be applied when working at higher or lower temperatures, and/or at high salt concentrations (seawater).ISSN:2050-7887ISSN:2050-789