521 research outputs found
Pulsar wind nebulae in supernova remnants
A spherically symmetric model is presented for the interaction of a pulsar
wind with the associated supernova remnant. This results in a pulsar wind
nebula whose evolution is coupled to the evolution of the surrounding supernova
remnant. This evolution can be divided in three stages. The first stage is
characterised by a supersonic expansion of the pulsar wind nebula into the
freely expanding ejecta of the progenitor star. In the next stage the pulsar
wind nebula is not steady; the pulsar wind nebula oscillates between
contraction and expansion due to interaction with the reverse shock of the
supernova remnant: reverberations which propagate forward and backward in the
remnant. After the reverberations of the reverse shock have almost completely
vanished and the supernova remnant has relaxed to a Sedov solution, the
expansion of the pulsar wind nebula proceeds subsonically. In this paper we
present results from hydrodynamical simulations of a pulsar wind nebula through
all these stages in its evolution. The simulations were carried out with the
Versatile Advection Code.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysic
Toward a Partnership in the Transition from Home to a Nursing Home: The TRANSCIT Model
The transition from home to a nursing home can be stressful and traumatic for both older persons and informal caregivers and is often associated with negative outcomes. Additionally, transitional care interventions often lack a comprehensive approach, possibly leading to fragmented care. To avoid this fragmentation and to optimize transitional care, a comprehensive and theory-based model is fundamental. It should include the needs of both older persons and informal caregivers. Therefore, this study, conducted within the European TRANS-SENIOR research consortium, proposes a model to optimize the transition from home to a nursing home, based on the experiences of older persons and informal caregivers. These experiences were captured by conducting a literature review with relevant literature retrieved from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Studies were included if older persons and/or informal caregivers identified the experiences, needs, barriers, or facilitators during the transition from home to a nursing home. Subsequently, the data extracted from the included studies were mapped to the different stages of transition (pre-transition, mid-transition, and post-transition), creating the TRANSCITmodel. Finally, results were discussed with an expert panel, leading to a final proposed TRANSCIT model.
The TRANSCIT model identified that older people and informal caregivers expressed an overall need for partnership during the transition from home to a nursing home. Moreover, it identified 4 key components throughout the transition trajectory (ie, pre-, mid-, and post-transition): (1) support, (2) communication, (3) information, and (4) time.
The TRANSCIT model could advise policy makers, practitioners, and researchers on the development and evaluation of (future) transitional care interventions. It can be a guideline reckoning the needs of older people and their informal caregivers, emphasizing the need for a partnership, consequently reducing fragmentation in transitional care and optimizing the transition from home to a nursing home
Three new records of the genera Leiophron and Euphorus (Hym.: Braconidae: Euphorinae) from Iran
The parasitoid wasps of the genera Leiophron Nees and Euphorus Nees were studied in northern Iran (Guilan, Mazandaran and Alborz provinces). The specimens were collected using Malaise traps from different habitats during 2010-2011. Four species of both genera were collected and identified, of which three species, Euphorus pallidistigma (Curtis), E. similis (Curtis) and Leiophron fascipennis (Ruthe) are newly recorded from Iran. An identification key for these four species together with comments on diagnostic characters and geographical distribution of each species are presented
Development and validation of PRE-DELIRIC (PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients) delirium prediction model for intensive care patients: observational multicentre study
Objectives To develop and validate a delirium prediction model for adult intensive care patients and determine its additional value compared with prediction by caregivers
Correction to: palliative care in advanced Huntington's disease: a scoping review (vol 22, 54, 2023)
Public Health and primary careGeriatrics in primary car
The Duck Redux: An Improved Proper Motion Upper Limit for the Pulsar B1757-24 Near the Supernova Remnant G5.4-1.2
"The Duck" is a complicated non-thermal radio system, consisting of the
energetic radio pulsar B1757-24, its surrounding pulsar wind nebula G5.27-0.90
and the adjacent supernova remnant (SNR) G5.4-1.2. PSR B1757-24 was originally
claimed to be a young (~15 000 yr) and extreme velocity (>~1500 km/s) pulsar
which had penetrated and emerged from the shell of the associated SNR G5.4-1.2,
but recent upper limits on the pulsar's motion have raised serious difficulties
with this interpretation. We here present 8.5 GHz interferometric observations
of the nebula G5.27-0.90 over a 12-year baseline, doubling the time-span of
previous measurements. These data correspondingly allow us to halve the
previous upper limit on the nebula's westward motion to 14 milliarcseconds/yr
(5-sigma), allowing a substantive reevaluation of this puzzling object. We rule
out the possibility that the pulsar and SNR were formed from a common supernova
explosion ~15 000 yrs ago as implied by the pulsar's characteristic age, but
conclude that an old (>~70 000 yr) pulsar / SNR association, or a situation in
which the pulsar and SNR are physically unrelated, are both still viable
explanations.Comment: 9 pages, including 1 color and 1 B/W figure. Minor changes following
referee's report. ApJ, in pres
Evaluation of serological tests for Trichinella infections in pigs
The Dutch slaughter pig population is practically free of Trichinella spiralis. However, at slaughter every pig is tested for presence of larvae using the digestion method for export certification . A new 2006 EU directive concerning meat inspection for Trichinella spp. offers new opportunities to monitor Trichinella at herd level instead. Also serological methods are allowed when approved by the Commumty Reference Laboratory (CRL). To evaluate the usefulness of serological tests for momtoring a virtually free population for Trichinella, Bayesian methodology was used to estimate the diagnostic test parameters sensitivity and specificity, in the absence of a Gold Standard test
Implementation of the multidisciplinary guideline on chronic pain in vulnerable nursing home residents to improve recognition and treatment: a qualitative process evaluation
The recognition and treatment of pain in nursing home residents presents challenges best addressed by a multidisciplinary approach. This approach is also recommended in the applicable Dutch guideline; however, translating guidelines into practical strategies is often difficult in nursing homes. Nevertheless, a better understanding of guideline implementation is key to improving the quality of care. Here we describe and qualitatively evaluate the implementation process of the multidisciplinary guideline 'Recognition and treatment of chronic pain in vulnerable elderly' in a Dutch nursing home. The researchers used interviews and document analyses to study the nursing home's implementation of the guideline. The project team of the nursing home first filled out an implementation matrix to formulate goals based on preferred knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors for the defined target groups. Together with experts and organizations, pharmacotherapy audit meetings were organized, an expert pain team was appointed, a policy document and policy flowchart were prepared, and 'anchor personnel' were assigned to disseminate knowledge amongst professionals. Implementation was partially successful and resulted in a functioning pain team, a pain policy, the selection of preferred measurement instruments, and pain becoming a fixed topic during multidisciplinary meetings. Nevertheless, relatively few professionals were aware of the implementation process.Geriatrics in primary carePublic Health and primary car
Structured scoring of supporting nursing tasks to enhance early discharge in geriatric rehabilitation: The BACK-HOME quasi-experimental study
Pathophysiology, epidemiology and therapy of agein
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