Using Custom Mininet Topology Configuring L2-Switch in Opendaylight

Software Defined Networking is a new way of making traditional hardware based network management into software based controlling. To do this, require a emulator like Mininet, a freely available open source network simulator software for creating custom topologies of our wish in virtual environment and it also permits to create OpenFlow switches, hosts and an SDN controller in a virtual network all with a simple command on a Linux Kernal.and It is a better approach to start practicing about SDN and Open-Flow as well as test SDN controllers like OpenDaylight. In this paper, by creating custom topology in python script and use of OpenDaylight controller environment for controlling flows in openflow enabled switches and then configuring L2-Switch features and observe the out comes

SECURE DEPENDABLE SELECTIVE STORAGE SERVICES AND SUPPORT FOR DYNAMIC DATA OPERATIONS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing has been envisioned as the next generation architecture of IT enterprise. It moves the application software and databases to the centralized large data centers where management of data and services may not be fully trustworthy. This unique paradigm brings out many new security challenges like, maintaining correctness and integrity of data in cloud. Integrity of cloud data may be lost due to unauthorized access, modification or deletion of data. Lacking of availability of data may be due to the cloud service providers (CSP), in order to increase their margin of profit by reducing the cost, CSP may discard rarely accessed data without detecting in timely fashion. To overcome above issues, flexible distributed storage, token utilizing, signature creations used to ensure integrity of data, auditing mechanism used assists in maintaining the correctness of data and also locating, identifying of server where exactly the data has been corrupted and also dependability and availability of data achieved through distributed storage of data in cloud. Further in order to ensure authorized access to cloud data a admin module has been proposed in our previous conference paper, which prevents unauthorized users from accessing data and also selective storage scheme based on different parameters of cloud servers proposed in previous paper, in order to provide efficient storage of data in the cloud. In order to provide more efficiency in this paper dynamic data operations are supported such as updating, deletion and addition of data

Degree of Complementarity Determines the Nonlocality in Quantum Mechanics

Complementarity principle is one of the central concepts in quantum mechanics which restricts joint measurement for certain observables. Of course, later development shows that joint measurement could be possible for such observables with the introduction of a certain degree of unsharpness or fuzziness in the measurement. In this paper, we show that the optimal degree of unsharpness, which guarantees the joint measurement of all possible pairs of dichotomic observables, determines the degree of nonlocality in quantum mechanics as well as in more general no-signaling theories.Comment: Close to published versio

Hydropower Advantages over Batteries in Energy Storage of Off-Grid Systems: A Case Study

Microgrids are decentralized power production systems, where the energy production and consumption are very close to each other. Microgrids generally exploit renewable energy sources, encountering a problem of storage, as the power production from solar and wind is intermittent. This research presents a new integrated methodology and discusses a comparison of batteries and pumped storage hydropower (PSH) as energy storage systems with the integration of wind and solar PV energy sources, which are the major upcoming technologies in the renewable energy sector. We implemented the simulator and optimizer model (HOMER), which develops energy availability usage to obtain optimized renewable energy integration in the microgrid, showing its economic added value. Two scenarios are run with this model—one considers batteries as an energy storage technology and the other considers PSH—in order to obtain the best economic and technical results for the analyzed microgrid. The economic analysis showed a lower net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for the microgrid with PSH. The results showed that the microgrid with the storage of PSH was economical, with an NPC of 45.8 M€ and an LCOE of 0.379 €/kWh, in comparison with the scenario with batteries, which had an NPC of 95.2 M€ and an LCOE of 0.786 €/kWh. The role of storage was understood by differentiating the data into different seasons, using a Python model. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the capital cost multiplier of solar PV and wind turbines to obtain the best optimal economic solutions

Decomposable representations and Lagrangian submanifolds of moduli spaces associated to surface groups

In this paper, we construct a Lagrangian submanifold of the moduli space associated to the fundamental group of a punctured Riemann surface (the space of representations of this fundamental group into a compact connected Lie group). This Lagrangian submanifold is obtained as the fixed-point set of an anti-symplectic involution defined on the moduli space. The notion of decomposable representation provides a geometric interpretation of this Lagrangian submanifold

Effect of exercise intensity on circulating hepatokine concentrations in healthy men

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), follistatin and leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) are novel hepatokines which are modulated by metabolic stresses. This study investigated whether exercise intensity modulates the hepatokine response to acute exercise. Ten young, healthy men undertook three 8-h experimental trials: moderate-intensity exercise (MOD; 55% V̇O2 peak), high-intensity exercise (HIGH; 75% V̇O2 peak) and control (CON; rest), in a randomised, counterbalanced order. Exercise trials commenced with a treadmill run of varied duration to match gross exercise energy expenditure between trials (MOD vs HIGH; 2475 ± 70 vs 2488 ± 58 kJ). Circulating FGF21, follistatin, LECT2, glucagon, insulin, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured before exercise and at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 7 h post-exercise. Plasma FGF21 concentrations were increased up to 4 h post-exercise compared to CON (P ≤ 0.022) with greater increases observed at 1, 2 and 4 h post-exercise during HIGH vs MOD (P ≤ 0.025). Irrespective of intensity (P ≥ 0.606), plasma follistatin concentrations were elevated at 4 and 7 h post-exercise (P ≤ 0.053). Plasma LECT2 concentrations were increased immediately post-exercise (P ≤ 0.046) but were not significant after correcting for plasma volume shifts. Plasma glucagon (1 h; P = 0.032) and NEFA (4 and 7 h; P ≤ 0.029) responses to exercise were accentuated in HIGH vs MOD. These findings demonstrate that acute exercise augments circulating FGF21 and follistatin. Exercise-induced changes in FGF21 are intensity-dependent and may support the greater metabolic benefit of high-intensity exercise

Mobile ad hoc network testbed using mobile robot technology

MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) researchers have shown increased interest in using mobile robot technology for their testbed platforms. Thus, the main motivation of this paper is to review various robot-based MANET testbeds that have been developed in previously reported research. Additionally, suggestions to heighten mobility mechanisms by using mobile robots to be more practical, easy and inexpensive are also included in this paper, as we unveils ToMRobot, a low-cost MANET robot created from an ordinary remote control car that is capable of performing a real system MANET testbed with the addition of only a few low-cost electronic components. Despite greatly reduced costs, the ToMRobot does not sacrifice any of the necessary MANET basic structures and will still be easily customizable and upgradeable through the use of open hardware technology like Cubieboard2 and Arduino, as its robot controller. This paper will also include guidelines to enable technically limited MANET researchers to design and develop the ToMRobot. It is hoped that this paper achieves its two pronged objectives namely (i) to facilitate other MANET researchers by providing them with a source of reference that eases their decision making for selecting the best and most suitable MANET mobile robots for real mobility in their MANET testbeds (ii) to provide MANET researchers with a prospect of building their own MANET robots that can be applied in their own MANET testbed in the future

Glycemic, Gastrointestinal, Hormonal and Appetitive Responses to Pearl Millet or Oats Porridge Breakfasts: a Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Humans

Whole grain cereal breakfast consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on glucose and insulin metabolism as well as satiety. Pearl millet is a popular ancient grain variety that can be grown in hot, dry regions. However, little is known about its health effects. This study investigated the effect of a pearl millet porridge (PMP) compared with a well-known Scottish oats porridge (SOP) on glycaemic, gastrointestinal, hormonal and appetitive responses. In a randomized, two way crossover trial, 26 healthy participants consumed two iso-energetic/volumetric PMP or SOP breakfast meals, served with a drink of water. Blood samples for glucose, insulin, GLP-1, GIP and PYY, gastric volumes and appetite ratings were collected for two hours postprandially, followed by an ad libitum meal and food intake records for the remainder of the day. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC2h) for blood glucose was not significantly different between the porridges (p ˃ 0.05). The iAUC2h gastric volume was larger for PMP compared with SOP (p = 0.045). The iAUC2h GIP concentration was significantly lower for PMP compared with SOP (p = 0.001). Other hormones and appetite responses were similar between meals. In conclusion, this study reports, for the first time, data on glycaemic and physiological responses to a pearl millet breakfast, showing that this ancient grain could represent a sustainable, alternative, with health-promoting characteristics comparable to oats. GIP is an incretin hormone linked to triacylglycerol absorption in adipose tissue, therefore the lower GIP response for PMP may be an added health benefit

Distinguishability of the Bell states

More than two multipartite orthogonal states cannot always be discriminated (with certainty) if only local operations and classical communication (LOCC) are allowed. Using an existing inequality among the measures of entanglement, we show that any three Bell states cannot be discriminated by LOCC. Exploiting the inequality, we calculate the distillable entanglement of a certain class of (4\otimes 4) mixed states.Comment: 3 Pages Latex, references added, minor change

The influence of adiposity and acute exercise on circulating hepatokines in normal weight and overweight/obese men

Hepatokines are liver-secreted proteins with potential to influence glucose regulation and other metabolic parameters. This study investigated differences in adiposity status on five novel hepatokines and characterised their response to acute moderate-intensity exercise in groups of normal weight and overweight/obese men. Twenty-two men were recruited into normal weight and overweight/obese groups (BMI: 18.5 to 24.9 and 25.0 to 34.9 kg∙m-2). Each completed two experimental trials, exercise and control. During exercise trials, participants performed 60 min of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise (~60% V̇O2 peak) and then rested for 6 h. Participants rested throughout control trials. Circulating fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), follistatin, leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), fetuin-A and selenoprotein-P (SeP) were measured throughout. Fasted (resting) FGF21 and LECT2 were higher in overweight/obese individuals (129% and 55%; P ≤ 0.01) and correlated with indices of adiposity and insulin resistance; whereas circulating follistatin was lower in overweight/obese individuals throughout trial days (17%, P < 0.05). In both groups, circulating concentrations of FGF21 and follistatin were transiently elevated after exercise for up to 6 h (P ≤ 0.02). Circulating fetuin-A and SeP were no different between groups (P ≥ 0.19) and, along with LECT2, were unaffected by exercise (P ≥ 0.06). These findings show that increased adiposity is associated with a modified hepatokine profile, which may represent a novel mechanism linking excess adiposity to metabolic health. Furthermore, acute perturbations in circulating FGF21 and follistatin after exercise may contribute to the health benefits of an active lifestyle