Designing a test asset and validating the accuracy of GPS/GNSS speed measurement

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are now widely used for navigation and speed measurements. The increasing demand for vehicles monitoring in regulatory and non-regulatory environments has led to a growing number of GNSS applications in the automobile industry. In addition, GNSS receivers are commonly used by civilian users for navigation and speed measurements. Manufacturers of GNSS receivers supply speed accuracy parameters in the receiver specification data sheets. However, little information is provided regarding specific conditions when the specified speed accuracy of GNSS receivers might be met. Also, there is limited research available about practical speed accuracy parameters of receivers in a variety of challenging GNSS environments. Finally, to the author’s knowledge, there is no research conducted to understand if adding more satellites from different constellations to GPS, for example, GLONASS provides an improvement in GNSS speed accuracy reporting. This thesis presents the design of a test asset system capable of testing GNSS receivers for speed accuracy and the Uncertainty of Measurements (UOM) analysis for this system. The test asset system utilises a variety of engineering solutions and is capable of maintaining high accuracy benchmarks in speed measurements. The test asset system has an UOM equal 0.4 km/h for the entire range of speeds used for GNSS speed testing. The system was designed, assembled and tested to ensure the system maintains its integrity and capability to test GNSS receivers for speed measurement. Subsequently, several field experiments were performed to collect GNSS speed data records in a variety of driving environments using different receivers. The receivers ranged from geodetic grade to low cost receivers. Test routes were selected specifically to reflect real world and challenging GNSS environments, such as freeways with overpasses and roads with tree canopies. Detailed analyses of outliers and statistical results are presented to demonstrate that GNSS receivers may not measure speed correctly under challenging environments. The results also show that different GNSS receivers perform differently in measuring speed. Methods to filter potentially unreliable speed records were also investigated

THE ADVANTAGES OF USING LINUX IN THE SERVER WORLD

Linux and Windows are two operating systems that are constantly competing for control of the computer market. Both operating systems have shown considerable growth in the server world. Microsoft released its first server operating system (OS) in 1993, just about the time when the Linux OS began surfacing on the Internet. These two operating systems have much in common, but still they are quite different

The importance of the physical culture in formation of future teacher’s personality

The importance of the physical culture in formation of future teacher’s personality as a factor of formation of professional readiness of future specialist for professional activity is consideredРассматривается значимость физической культуры в становлении личности будущего педагога как фактор формирования профессиональной готовности будущего специалиста к профессиональной деятельност

Rare complications after thoracoplasty in children with congenital pectus excavatum

In this study we presented 4 rare postoperative complications at children after 202 cases of thoracoplasty concerning pectus excavatum deformity of the thorax in the period between 2002 and 2014. The operations were performed by the method proposed by D. Nuss. We revealed following complications: fracture of a body of sternum in the field of its joint with the handle in 1,5 months after operation; massive hemorrhage in a cavity of the fibrous capsule created around a metalwork in 2 years after performance of the thoracoplasty; incarceration of a portion of the latissimus dorsi muscle under "shoulder" of metal construction in 1,5 years after operation; violation of venous outflow at the level of a subclavian vein and a partial compression of a subclavial vein in the early postoperative period. We analyzed possible reasons, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, methods of treatment and offered methods of prevention of these complications

The Use of Multicolor Flow Cytofluorometry in White Blood Cell Differential: HematoFlow Conception

Aim. To develop reference intervals for white blood cell subpopulations in peripheral blood using Cytomics FC500 flow cytometer and CytoDiffTM reagent (Beckman Coulter). Materials & Methods. The trial included the analysis of blood samples of healthy donors (n = 315) using Cytomics FC500 flow cytometer and CytoDiffTM reagent cocktail composed of 6 antibodies in 5 colors (CD36-FITC, CD2-PE, CD294-PE, CD19-ECD, CD16-Cy5, CD45-Cy7) and enabling to count 17 cell populations. Results. The data obtained by means of multicolor flow cytofluorometry included the reference values of white blood cell populations in peripheral blood. In 1 first-time donor a lymphoproliferative disease was detected. It was subsequently confirmed by immunophenotyping; B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed. Conclusion. Multicolor flow cytofluorometry using CytoDiffTM is considered to be a new step toward an improved WBC differential evaluation aimed mainly at reducing the volume of blood smear analysis using light microscopy at large laboratories, enhancing objectivity, precision and reproducibility of results. WBC differential extended with the count of lymphocyte and monocyte subpopulations can be regarded as modern donor blood screening to detect changes in the pattern of lymphocyte subpopulations as grounds for further examination of donors

FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TACTICS FOR BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA WITH DAMAGE TO THE PANCREAS

Abstract. Injuries of pancreas in the closed abdominal trauma remain the one of most challenging issues in diagnosis and choice of optimal therapy.Objectives. To analyze clinical results of the improved diagnostic and treatment tactics in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and damage to the pancreas.Material and methods. We report the results of treatment for 141 patients with pancreatic trauma treated from 1991 to 2015 at City Hospital No. 3 and City Hospital No. 40. All patients were divided into 2 groups. These groups were formed according to the time factor. The groups were comparable in age, gender, and pancreatic trauma severity. The study group consisted of 59 patients, treated in 2004-2015, and the comparison group consisted of 82 patients (1991–2003). The advanced diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the study group included modern instrumental diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, diagnostic laparoscopy and improved surgical tactics to lower indications for omental plug, omentobursostomy, suturing capsule of pancreas and cholecystostomy.Results. This algorithm reduced the duration gap between hospitalization and surgery averagely from 10.7 to 4.0 hours, and the modified treatment tactics decreased the incidence of septic complications from 15.8% to 6.8%, and the mortality from 27.6% to 16.9%.Conclusion. As a rule, methods of radiodiagnosis detect only indirect signs of pancreatic injury in blunt abdominal trauma. It is advisable to perform omental plugging only as medical tactics of «damage control»

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛЕЧЕБНО-ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКОЙ ТАКТИКИ ПРИ ЗАКРЫТОЙ ТРАВМЕ ЖИВОТА С ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕМ ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

Abstract. Injuries of pancreas in the closed abdominal trauma remain the one of most challenging issues in diagnosis and choice of optimal therapy.Objectives. To analyze clinical results of the improved diagnostic and treatment tactics in patients with blunt abdominal trauma and damage to the pancreas.Material and methods. We report the results of treatment for 141 patients with pancreatic trauma treated from 1991 to 2015 at City Hospital No. 3 and City Hospital No. 40. All patients were divided into 2 groups. These groups were formed according to the time factor. The groups were comparable in age, gender, and pancreatic trauma severity. The study group consisted of 59 patients, treated in 2004-2015, and the comparison group consisted of 82 patients (1991–2003). The advanced diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the study group included modern instrumental diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, computed tomography, diagnostic laparoscopy and improved surgical tactics to lower indications for omental plug, omentobursostomy, suturing capsule of pancreas and cholecystostomy.Results. This algorithm reduced the duration gap between hospitalization and surgery averagely from 10.7 to 4.0 hours, and the modified treatment tactics decreased the incidence of septic complications from 15.8% to 6.8%, and the mortality from 27.6% to 16.9%.Conclusion. As a rule, methods of radiodiagnosis detect only indirect signs of pancreatic injury in blunt abdominal trauma. It is advisable to perform omental plugging only as medical tactics of «damage control».Резюме. Травматические повреждения поджелудочной железы (ПЖ) при закрытой травме живота по трудности диагностики и выбора оптимальной лечебной тактики остаются одними из самых сложных среди травм органов брюшной полости.Цель. Анализ клинических результатов усовершенствованной лечебно-диагностической тактики у пострадавших с закрытой травмой живота с повреждением ПЖ.Материал и методы. Представлены результаты лечения 141 пострадавшего с закрытой травмой ПЖ, находившихся на лечении в городских больницах № 3 и № 40 города Санкт-Петербурга с 1991 по 2015 г. Все пациенты были разделены на 2 группы. Группы сформированы по временному фактору и были сопоставимы по половому и возрастному признакам, а также по тяжести повреждений ПЖ. Группу исследования составили 59 пострадавших, пролеченных в период с 2004 по 2015 г., группу срав- нения — 82 пациента (1991–2003 гг.). В основной группе в диагностический алгоритм были включены современные инструментальные методы диагностики, такие как ультразвуковое исследование, компьютерная томография, диагностическая лапароскопия, а также усовершенствована хирургическая тактика — сокращены показания к тампонированию, оментобурсостомии, отказ от ушивания капсулы железы, холецистостомии.Результаты. Использование данного диагностического алгоритма уменьшило время, проходящее от момента госпитализации до оказания пострадавшему оперативного пособия в среднем с 10,7 до 4,0 ч, а усовершенствование лечебной тактики снизило частоту гнойно-септических осложнений с 15,8 до 6,8%, а также общую летальность с 27,6 до 16,9%.Заключение. Методы лучевой диагностики как правило позволяют выявить лишь косвенные признаки повреждения ПЖ при закрытой травме живота. С целью уменьшения риска развития гнойно-септических осложнений целесообразно ограничить использование тампонирования сальниковой сумки лишь рамками лечебной тактики «damage control»

Spreading the Experience of Preschool Educational Establishments

The paper observes the issue of spreading the innovative experience of municipal preschool educational establishments (MPEE). The author outlines the ways of spreading the ideas of «Development Program of MPEE» and « Educational Program of MPEE» worked out according to the federal state requirements. Theoretical methodological basis of the research combines the fundamental studies of the last century’s Russian teachers and psychologists: L. S. Vygodsky, A. N. Leontyev, L. I. Bozhovitch, A. V. Zaporozhets, V. V. Davydov, etc. Based on their studies, a series of teaching methodical manuals was developed in the Institute of Reflexive Psychology of Creativity and Humanizing the Education at the International Academy of Humanizing the Education, Sotchi–Magdeburg: «Russian Education 2020 – the Model of Preschool Education» and «Pedagogic Innovations in MPEE of Innovative Type».In author’s opinion, the outcome of the research can promote the modernization efficiency in preschool education

ГАНГРЕНА ДОЛИ ЛЕГКОГО ПРИ ЕЕ КИСТОЗНО-АДЕНОМАТОЗНОЙ МАЛЬФОРМАЦИИ

The article describes a case of successful treatment of a child not elder than 1 year old with a gangrene in the right upper lobe of the lung against the background of its cystic adenomatoid malformation. The disease manifested as pneumonia. The diagnosis was confirmed following multispiral computed tomography. The first stage of surgery was drainage of the pleural cavity. Thoracotomy and upper lobe lobectomy were done after a child’s condition had stabilized. Gangrene in the cystic and adenomatoid piece of the lobe was confirmed macroscopically and histologically. В статье описан случай успешного лечения ребенка в возрасте одного года с гангреной верхней доли правого легкого на фоне ее кистозно-аденоматозной мальформации. Клиническое проявление заболевания началось с пневмонии. Диагноз подтвержден после выполнения мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии. Первым этапом оперативного лечения было дренирование плевральной полости и после стабилизации состояния ребенка выполнена торакотомия, верхнедолевая лобэктомия. Макроскопически и гистологически подтверждена гангрена кистозно-аденоматозно измененной доли.

Гнойно-некротический парапроктит у ребенка 5 лет: клиническое наблюдение

Authors present a rare clinical case of successful treatment of a 5-year-old child with purulent-necrotic paraproctitis, which developed against the background of a primary immune deficiency state. Clinical case. A 5-year-old boy became acutely ill, against the background of diarrhea with hyperthermia. An area of hyperemia, edema, and tissue infiltration appeared in the perianal region. In anamnesis, with frequent respiratory infections and dysfunction of the intestinal tract in the form of diarrhea. He was admitted to the Regional Childrens Hospital on the 10th day of illness from the regional hospital, where antibiotic treatment was started. Upon admission, the condition was serious in the perianal region with an extensive wound necrotic tissues and a plaque of fibrin. To create favorable conditions for wound healing, a preventive sigmostomy operation was performed. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the wound culture. Thus, courses of antibiotics treatment, infusion therapy, and surgical debridement of the perianal wound and its local treatment were performed. Upon immunological status examination, a primary immunodeficiency was revealed, for which drugs with immunoglobulin G were administered. As a result of the treatment, the wound healed by secondary intention, thus, an operation was performed to close the sigmostoma. The child was discharged in satisfactory condition under the supervision of an immunologist and a surgeon. Discussion. In this case, preventive sigmostomy is justified; however, authors limit themselves to surgical intervention on the perineum in other cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows its pathogenicity in patients with impaired immunity. Therefore, courses of antibiotics, infusion therapy, and immunomodulatory therapy along with surgical treatment, favorable result were achieved. Conclusion. Children with purulent-necrotic paraproctitis, which developed against the background of a primary immune deficiency should be hospitalized as early as possible in a specialized hospital.Представлено редкое клиническое наблюдение успешного лечения ребенка 5 лет с гнойно-некротическим парапроктитом, развившимся на фоне первичного иммунодефицитного состояния. Описание наблюдения. Мальчик, 5 лет, заболел остро, когда на фоне диареи с гипертермией в перианальной области появился участок гиперемии, отека и инфильтрации тканей. В анамнезе: частые респираторные инфекции и дисфункция кишечного тракта в виде диареи. Госпитализирован в Областную детскую больницу на 10-е сутки заболевания из районной больницы, где было начато лечение антибиотиками. При поступлении состояние тяжелое, в перианальной области обширная рана с некротическими тканями и налетом фибрина. Для создания благоприятных условий для заживления раны была проведена операция превентивной сигмостомии. В посеве из раны обнаружена полирезистентная Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Проводилось лечение курсами антибиотиков, инфузионная терапия, выполнена хирургическая обработка раны перианальной области и местное лечение. При обследовании иммунологического статуса выявлено первичное иммунодефицитное состояние, по поводу которого вводились препараты с иммуноглобулином G. В результате проведенного лечения рана зажила вторичным натяжением, проведена операция закрытия сигмостомы. Ребенок выписан в удовлетворительном состоянии под наблюдение иммунолога и хирурга. Обсуждение. В данном случае оправдано превентивное выполнение сигмостомии, хотя в других наблюдениях авторы ограничивались хирургическим вмешательством на промежности. Pseudomonas aeruginosa проявляет свою патогенность у пациентов с нарушениями иммунитета. Поэтому, наряду с хирургическим лечением, курсами антибиотиков, инфузионной терапией, только при назначении иммуномодулирующей терапии был достигнут благоприятный результат. Заключение. Детей с гнойно-некротическим парапроктитом, развившимся на фоне первичного иммунодефицитного состояния необходимо как можно раньше госпитализировать в специализированный стационар