174 research outputs found

    Numerical simulation of surface waves instability on a discrete grid

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    We perform full-scale numerical simulation of instability of weakly nonlinear waves on the surface of deep fluid. We show that the instability development leads to chaotization and formation of wave turbulence. We study instability both of propagating and standing waves. We studied separately pure capillary wave unstable due to three-wave interactions and pure gravity waves unstable due to four-wave interactions. The theoretical description of instabilities in all cases is included into the article. The numerical algorithm used in these and many other previous simulations performed by authors is described in details.Comment: 47 pages, 40 figure

    Π‘Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΠΉ синтСз Π·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… N-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-4-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»(3-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ–Π»)-6-(3,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ—Π»ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Π½Ρ–Π»)-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-5-Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρ–Π², 6-Π°Π»Ρ–Π»(ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ—Π»ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»)ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Π½Ρ–Π»-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-N-(4-Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»)-5-Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π½ΠΎ-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρ–Π² Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– Ρ– ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π±Ρ–Π»Ρ–Π·ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– властивості

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    The multicomponent condensation of aromatic aldehydes, acetoacetanilides, cyanothioacetamide, alkylatingΒ agents and morpholine in ethanol at 20Β°C was first synthesized to formation of substituted 4-aryl-N-aryl(3-pyridinyl)-5-cyano-6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoylmethylsulphanyl)-2-methylnicotinamides, 6-allylsulphanyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide and 6-carbamoylmethylsulphanyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-Β 5-cyano-2-methyl-4-(4-pyridinyl)-1,4-dihydronicotinamide. In the first step Knoevenagel reaction produces theΒ alkene which is then reacted with a Michael anilide acetoacetate to form the corresponding adduct. Last reactionΒ conditions chemoselectively intramolecularly cyclized to substituted morpholinium tetrahydropyridinthiolate.Β Elimination of the water the latter leads to the formation of salt, the arises capable aromatization andΒ alkylation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenacylbromide. Introduction this condensation as alkylating reagent allylbromideΒ or Ξ±-chloroacetamide ends form the corresponding 1,4-dihydronicotinamide. The structure of the synthesizedΒ compounds was proved by IR-, 1H NMR- and chromatommas-spectrometry. Synthesized substances tested forΒ anti-radical and membrane-stabilizing action. Revealed their high antiradical activity at a concentration of 10-1-10-3 mol/L compared with nicotinamide.ΠœΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ кондСнсациСй ароматичСских альдСгидов, Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² этанолС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 20Β°Π‘ Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ синтСзированы Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ 4-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»(3-ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»)-N-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-6-(3,4-lΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»)-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-5-Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹, 6-Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-(3-ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»)-N-(4-Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»)-5-Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Β ΠΈ 6-ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-(4-ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»)-N-(4-Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»)-5-Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄. На ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΉ стадии Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ образуСтся Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ КнСвСнагСля, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠœΠΈΡ…Π°ΡΠ»ΡŽ взаимодСйствуСт с Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ацСтоуксусной кислоты Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°. ПослСдний Π² условиях Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ хСмосСлСктивно внутримолСкулярно циклизуСтся Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ‚ морфолиния. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ дальнСйшСм элиминировании Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ способная ΠΊ Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈΒ ΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ 3,4-дигидроксифСнацилбромидом соль. Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ξ±-Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ 1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°.Β Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ИК-, ЯМР 1Н- ΠΈ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎ-масс-спСктромСтрии.Β Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ вСщСства протСстированы Π½Π° Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅Β Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈ выявлСна ΠΈΡ… высокая Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ 10-1-10-3 моль/Π» ΠΏΠΎΒ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.Π‘Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ–Π², Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π½ΠΎΡ‚Ρ–ΠΎΠ°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ, Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½Ρ–Π»Ρ–Π΄Ρ–Π²,Β Π°Π»ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŽΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π½Ρƒ Π² Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ– ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 20Β°Π‘ Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ синтСзовані Π·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ– 4-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»(3-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ–Π»)-N-Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ»-6-(3,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ—Π»ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Π½Ρ–Π»)-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-5-Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π½ΠΎΠ½Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈ, 6-Π°Π»Ρ–Π»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Π½Ρ–Π»-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-(3-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ–Π»)-N-(4-Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»)-5-Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π½ΠΎ-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄ Ρ– 6-ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ—Π»ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Π½Ρ–Π»-2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-4-(4-ΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ–Π»)-N-(4-Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»)-5-Ρ†Ρ–Π°Π½ΠΎ-1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄. На ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΡ–ΠΉ стадії Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— ΡƒΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ КньовСнагСля, який Π΄Π°Π»Ρ– Π·Π° ΠœΡ–Ρ…Π°Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π²Π·Π°Ρ”ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Ρ” Π· Π°Π½Ρ–Π»Ρ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΎΡ†Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ— кислоти Π΄ΠΎ Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρƒ. ΠžΡΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ–ΠΉ хСмосСлСктивно Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΡˆΠ½ΡŒΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡΡ€Π½ΠΎ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Π·ΡƒΡ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΡ–Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Ρ–ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ‚ ΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π½Ρ–ΡŽ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π΅Π»Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Π½ΡƒΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ– Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ” Π·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎ Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ—Β Ρ‚Π° Π°Π»ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ 3,4-дигідроксифСнацилбромідом ΡΡ–Π»ΡŒ. УвСдСння Π² Π΄Π°Π½Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ†Ρ–ΡŽ Π°Π»Ρ–Π»Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ Π°Π±ΠΎΒ Ξ±-Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,4-Π΄ΠΈΠ³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄Ρƒ. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρƒ отриманих сполук Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π†Π§-, ЯМР 1Н- Ρ‚Π° хроматомас-спСктромСтрії. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ протСстовані Π½Π° Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π±Ρ–Π»Ρ–Π·ΡƒΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρƒ Π΄Ρ–ΡŽ, Ρ– виявлСно Ρ—Ρ… високу Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— 10-1-10-3 моль/Π» порівняно Π· Π½Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌ

    Mesoscopic wave turbulence

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    We report results of sumulation of wave turbulence. Both inverse and direct cascades are observed. The definition of "mesoscopic turbulence" is given. This is a regime when the number of modes in a system involved in turbulence is high enough to qualitatively simulate most of the processes but significantly smaller then the threshold which gives us quantitative agreement with the statistical description, such as kinetic equation. Such a regime takes place in numerical simulation, in essentially finite systems, etc.Comment: 5 pages, 11 figure

    Crystal lattice engineering the novel substrates for III-nitride-oxide heterostructures

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    In this work, we firstly investigated controlling the lattice parameter of IIIoxides used as substrates for III-nitrides heterostructures. It was shown that the atomic content change in III-sublattice gives large possibilities for precise cation controlling the lattice parameters. The developed technique is promising to make ideal substrates in IIInitride epitaxy of LED, LD and transistors with a high quantum efficiency and small noise. This technology can be realized using MBE, MOSVD or CVD chloride-hydride epitaxy with computer driving

    Weak Turbulent Kolmogorov Spectrum for Surface Gravity Waves

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    We study the long-time evolution of gravity waves on deep water exited by the stochastic external force concentrated in moderately small wave numbers. We numerically implement the primitive Euler equations for the potential flow of an ideal fluid with free surface written in canonical variables, using expansion of the Hamiltonian in powers of nonlinearity of up to fourth order terms. We show that due to nonlinear interaction processes a stationary energy spectrum close to ∣k∣∼kβˆ’7/2|k| \sim k^{-7/2} is formed. The observed spectrum can be interpreted as a weak-turbulent Kolmogorov spectrum for a direct cascade of energy.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

    Solitary wave interaction in a compact equation for deep-water gravity waves

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    In this study we compute numerical traveling wave solutions to a compact version of the Zakharov equation for unidirectional deep-water waves recently derived by Dyachenko & Zakharov (2011) Furthermore, by means of an accurate Fourier-type spectral scheme we find that solitary waves appear to collide elastically, suggesting the integrability of the Zakharov equation.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 23 references. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.lama.univ-savoie.fr/~dutykh/ . arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1204.288

    Restrictive-regulatory potential of procedural standard

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    The article deals with issues relating to the resource of procedural standards in the restrictive regulation of social relations. Based on the analysis of a wide range of doctrinal sources, the authors presented their own position regarding the procedural standard essence and content, its correlation with material standards and its praxiological valu
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