Growth Process Of Organic Vetiver Root With Potato AS Intercropping Plant

Vetiver oil (Vetiveria zizanoides) is one of Indonesia main export commodities. Vetiver root is perennial plant and generally planted with vegetables as intercropping plant. Increasing the selling price of vetiver oil can be done by transferring the production of conventional vetiver oil (non-organic) to organic vetiver oil. Demonstration of land used was one hectare, which 2,000 m2 for planting vetiver root with potato (Solanum tuberosum) as inter-cropping plant and 8,000 m2 for vetiver root without intercropping, in Sukakarya-Samarang, Garut. The planting used goat and cow dung as manure, distillate water of vetiver oil and liquid bio-pesticide as pesticide. Variables studied included plant height, number of leaf and crotch. In the first quarter of the years, the number of leaf and crotch of vetiver root with intercropping was better than vetiver root without inter-cropping. However, there was not significant difference for plant height of vetiver root, both with and without intercropping. Products of organic potato as intercropping plant of vetiver root were less than those of non-organic potato, but the latter had a better texture and durability

Multi-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Profiling of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolates from Blood Cultures and Gallbladder Specimens from Makassar, South-Sulawesi, Indonesia

Multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis differentiated 297 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi blood culture isolates from Makassar in 76 genotypes and a single unique S. Typhi genotype was isolated from the cholecystectomy specimens of four patients with cholelithiasis. The high diversity in S. Typhi genotypes circulating in Makassar indicates that the number of carriers could be very large, which may complicate disease prevention and control

Study of the Low Causes of Community Knowledge in the Making of Sanitary Waste Disposal in Poasia Village, Abeli District, Kendari City, Province Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Availability of Waste water drains (WWD) in Poasia Village is still a health problem, especially in residential areas. Results The initial survey found that 73% of the people do not have WDC that meets health requirements because generally the community does not know how to make sanitary WWD. The adverse impact of the availability of non-sanitary WWD will be a source of transmission of various diseases in the community. The research objective was to analyze the causes of low public knowledge in the manufacture of sanitary sewerage. Type of qualitative research, with a case study approach. Informants are the community and health workers. Data collection using in-depth interviews, and observations. The results showed that the causes of low public knowledge in making WWD sanitary were lack of socialization by health workers, lack of training in making sanitary WWD, lack of public awareness in finding information and knowledge of making sanitary WDC and lack of income in making sanitary WWD. Conclusion; the cause of the low public knowledge in making WDC sanitary is very multi-factor both from internal factors and external factors of society. Recommendation; the need for public awareness in seeking information on the manufacture of sanitary WWD and the role of health workers in the dissemination of WWD

Potential Cause of Low Coverage of Labor by Health Personnel in Konawe North District Province South Sulawesi Indonesia

One of the causes of the high maternal mortality rate is that delivery assistance is not carried out by health workers, so this is still a health problem in Indonesia. In Southeast Sulawesi Province the coverage of childbirth assistance by health workers in 2015 reached 88.91%, not yet reaching the target of the Ministry of Health's Strategic Plan of 90%. There are still 6 districts below the provincial average, namely South Konawe 82.70%, Buton 80.07%, Bau-Bau City 76.76%, North Kolaka 74.26%, Konawe Kepulauan 60.96% and Konawe North 35.83%. The purpose of the study was to identify the low causal factors for childbirth coverage by health workers in North Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This type of research is qualitative research, with a case study approach. Informants are Maternity and Health workers. Data collection using in-depth interviews, observation and document review. The results showed that the factors that caused the low coverage of childbirth were traditional or belief factors which were used generations of traditional birth attendants as birth attendants as a result of low knowledge, remote access, geographical conditions, transportation facilities and inability to pay transportation to visit health facilities, not the ownership of health insurance, the lack of health workers and the lack of health facilities that support the work of midwives. The strategies for increasing the coverage of labor include: trained midwife contract system policies with placement mechanisms based on the ratio of midwife staff to the number of people, health education by involving stakeholders, facilitating access to health services through the provision of ambulances, and providing infrastructure that supports midwife's work performance. Conclusion; the cause of the low coverage of childbirth by health workers is caused by the presence of health service factors and community characteristics. Suggestion; stakeholders should formulate a policy of increasing contracting in and contracting out capacity to overcome the shortage of limited midwives' labor, provide health facilities, and train traditional birth attendants

Population Genetics of the Critically Endangered Species Dipterocarpus Littoralis Blume (Dipterocarpaceae) Endemic on Nusakambangan Island, Indonesia

Background Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume is a critically endangered dipterocarp species found only on Nusakambangan Island, Central Java, Indonesia. Patterns of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of adults and saplings in two extant populations (Kali Jati and Solok Besek) were estimated using ten microsatellite markers. Results A total of 39 alleles was found, with two and four alleles being unique in adult and sapling populations, respectively. Allelic richness and heterozygosity was similar between adult (Ar = 3.00; He = 0.423) and sapling (Ar = 3.25; He = 0.441) populations.Inbreeding coefficientsin saplingswere positive in both populations and statistically significant in Kali Jati, while those in adult populations were not significantly different from zero, indicating excessive inbreeding and selfing in the sapling populations. Genetic differentiation of the sapling populations (FST = 0.036) was slightly lower than in the adult populations (0.050), but only significantly so for saplings.Conclusions This study revealed that D. littoralis has low genetic diversity in both adults and saplings. Similarly low values in allele richness and heterozygosity suggest that reductions of population size have been ongoing for long periods in this species. Significant genetic differentiation between sapling populations but not adult populations indicates that recent fragmentation is further accelerating the isolation process

Differentially Expressed Genes (Degs) Pada Dryobalanops Aromatica Yang Ditumbuhkan Pada Media Gambut Dan Tanah Mineral

Dryobalanops aromatica is a highly economic value resin-producing tree and has been known as an important International trade commodity that is widely used in the perfume, cosmetic, medicine, and wood industries. In natural habitats, this species has been found to grow well on peatland and mineral soils. The information regarding adaptive genes in Indonesian native trees to abiotic stress is still very limited. The research was conducted to analyse the differentially expressed genes (DGEs) that can elucidate the role of several upregulated and down-regulated genes under peat media and mineral soil treatments. DGE analysis was carried out using R software, Bioconductor package 'edgeR'. Using the Benjamini and Hochberg approach to control FDR (FDR 0.05), with a Log2FC 2 and p-value of 0.05, showed 320 contigs were up-regulated and 439 contigs were down-regulated, while 58129 contigs were not significantly expressed. Furthermore, this study also presents an overview of the genes involved in different pathways, such as photosynthesis, carbon and energy metabolism, hormone-related genes, nitrogen metabolism, reactive oxygen species, and transcription factor. This information will be useful in understanding D. aromatica molecular responses to stress condition that may be of use for selecting genotypes in the breeding programs or peatlands restoratio

Discrimination and Determination of Extractive Content of Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) from Celebes Island by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.) is an endemic plant on Celebes (Sulawesi) island. Extractive compounds within ebony wood cause it to have durability, strength, and beautiful patterns. In this study, we used near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to discriminate between ebony wood samples, based on their origins at different growth sites on Celebes island, and to develop quantitative models to predict the extractive content of ebony wood. A total of 45 wood meal samples from 11 sites located in West, Central, and South Celebes were collected in this study. NIR spectral data were acquired from hot water and ethanol–benzene soluble extracts from ebony wood in this study. The extractive content of the ebony was 10.408% and 10.774% based on hot water solubility and treatment with ethanol–benzene solvent, respectively. Multivariate analysis based on principal component analysis–discriminant analysis revealed that ebony wood from West Celebes differed from most of the wood from South Celebes; however, it was only slightly different from ebony wood from Central Celebes based on NIR spectra data. These findings were in line with the extractive contents obtained. Partial least square regression models based on wood meal spectra could potentially be used to estimate the hot water and ethanol–benzene extractive contents from ebony wood

Genome‐wide association and genomic prediction for biomass yield in a genetically diverse \u3ci\u3eMiscanthus sinensis\u3c/i\u3e germplasm panel phenotyped at five locations in Asia and North America

To improve the efficiency of breeding of Miscanthus for biomass yield, there is a need to develop genomics‐assisted selection for this long‐lived perennial crop by relating genotype to phenotype and breeding value across a broad range of environments. We present the first genome‐wide association (GWA) and genomic prediction study of Miscanthus that utilizes multilocation phenotypic data. A panel of 568 Miscanthus sinensis accessions was genotyped with 46,177 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and evaluated at one subtropical and five temperate locations over 3 years for biomass yield and 14 yield‐component traits. GWA and genomic prediction were performed separately for different years of data in order to assess reproducibility. The analyses were also performed for individual field trial locations, as well as combined phenotypic data across groups of locations. GWA analyses identified 27 significant SNPs for yield, and a total of 504 associations across 298 unique SNPs across all traits, sites, and years. For yield, the greatest number of significant SNPs was identified by combining phenotypic data across all six locations. For some of the other yield‐component traits, greater numbers of significant SNPs were obtained from single site data, although the number of significant SNPs varied greatly from site to site. Candidate genes were identified. Accounting for population structure, genomic prediction accuracies for biomass yield ranged from 0.31 to 0.35 across five northern sites and from 0.13 to 0.18 for the subtropical location, depending on the estimation method. Genomic prediction accuracies of all traits were similar for single‐location and multilocation data, suggesting that genomic selection will be useful for breeding broadly adapted M. sinensis as well as M. sinensis optimized for specific climates. All of our data, including DNA sequences flanking each SNP, are publicly available. By facilitating genomic selection in M. sinensis and Miscanthus × giganteus, our results will accelerate the breeding of these species for biomass in diverse environments

Biomass yield in a genetically diverse \u3ci\u3eMiscanthus sinensis\u3c/i\u3e germplasm panel evaluated at five locations revealed individuals with exceptional potential

To breed improved biomass cultivars of Miscanthus ×giganteus, it will be necessary to select the highest‐yielding and best‐adapted genotypes of its parental species, Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. We phenotyped a diverse clonally propagated panel of 569 M. sinensis and nine natural diploid M. ×giganteus at one subtropical (Zhuji, China) and five temperate locations (Sapporo, Japan; Leamington, Ontario, Canada; Fort Collins, CO; Urbana, IL; and Chuncheon, Korea) for dry biomass yield and 14 yield‐component traits, in trials grown for 3 years. Notably, dry biomass yield of four Miscanthus accessions exceeded 80 Mg/ha in Zhuji, China, approaching the highest observed for any land plant. Additionally, six M. sinensis in Sapporo, Japan and one in Leamington, Canada also yielded more than the triploid M. ×giganteus ‘1993‐1780’ control, with values exceeding 20 Mg/ha. Diploid M. ×giganteus was the best‐yielding group at the northern sites. Genotypeby‐ environment interactions were modest among the five northern trial sites but large between Zhuji, and the northern sites. M. sinensisaccessions typically yielded best at trial sites with latitudes similar to collection sites, although broad adaptation was observed for accessions from southern Japan. Genotypic heritabilities for third year yields ranged from 0.71 to 0.88 within locations. Compressed circumference was the best predictor of yield. These results establish a baseline of data for initiating selection to improve biomass yield of M. sinensis and M. ×giganteus in a diverse set of relevant geographies